Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) is an efficient microbial mutagenesis method with broad application prospects. Compared to traditional methods, ARTP technology can more effectively induce DNA damage and generate stable mutant strains. It is characterized by its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and avoidance of hazardous chemicals, presenting a vast potential for application. The ARTP technology is widely used in bacterial, fungal, and microalgal mutagenesis for increasing productivity and improving characteristics. In conclusion, ARTP technology holds significant promise in the field of microbial breeding. Through ARTP technology, we can create mutant strains with specific genetic traits and improved performance, thereby increasing yield, improving quality, and meeting market demands. The field of microbial breeding will witness further innovation and progress with continuous refinement and optimization of ARTP technology.

Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible medicinal mushroom species with a high dietary value. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value, umami taste, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of H. marmoreus treated with hot water combined with simulated salivary digestion in vitro. Seafood mushroom (Hm3) had the highest content of moisture, soluble polysaccharides, soluble proteins, and total flavonoids while white Hypsizygus marmoreus (Hm1) had the highest total phenolic content. Moreover, Hm1 had a more noticeable equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value, indicating the umami properties of Hm1 as a food or processing ingredient. Results from E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed that the VOCs of Hm1 and brown Hypsizygus marmoreus (Hm2) were relatively similar, which differed substantially from Hm3. Among the 134 VOCs, 24 differential metabolites were identified by OPLS-DA analysis, characterized by VIP > 1, p-value < 0.05, and FC > 2 (pairwise comparisons). Furthermore, 10 biomarkers with VIP > 1 and p-value < 0.05 were identified by PLS-DA analysis based on the total differential metabolites to distinguish different strains of H. marmoreus. These results will benefit future research on the chemistry of H. marmoreus and serve as a guide for breeding, introducing, and using the species more effectively.

The escalating global burden of drug-resistant bacterial infections demands urgent innovation in highly effective, non-invasive antimicrobial strategies. Herein, we developed a multimodal near infrared (NIR) light-responsive bactericidal nanoplatform (BP@EPL-LA) with surface charge adaptability by loading black phosphorus nanosheets with L-Arg-grafted ε-poly(L-lysine) for targeted combinatorial therapy of subcutaneous abscesses. Under physiological conditions, BP@EPL-LA remained a neutral surface charge and demonstrated excellent biosafety both in vitro and in vivo. Upon encountering the acidic infectious environment, BP@EPL-LA rapidly switched to a positive surface charge, promoting deep biofilm penetration and strong electrostatic adhesion to negatively charged bacterial membranes. When irradiated by 660 nm laser, BP@EPL-LA mediated antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidized arginine residues to enable controlled nitric oxide (NO) release. BP@EPL-LA effectively dispersed bacterial biofilms and demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity through the synergistic combination of ROS, NO, and EPL. Moreover, BP@EPL-LA showed remarkable therapeutic outcomes in a mouse model of subcutaneous Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus abscesses, simultaneously eradicating bacterial infection, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue healing via enhanced vascularization and collagen deposition. Therefore, BP@EPL-LA overcomes antibiotic resistance barriers and presents a promising therapeutic strategy for effective subcutaneous abscess treatment by integrating NO-potentiated aPDT with EPL's bactericidal action.

Oudemansiella raphanipes ethanolic extract (ORE) was prepared via ultrasonication-assisted ethanolic extraction and enriched through silica gel and macroporous adsorption resin chromatography to afford a non-/weakly polar fraction (ORE-S) and a polar fraction (ORE-N), respectively. This study aimed to (1) quantify major bioactive components (e.g., polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes) in ORE-S and ORE-N, (2) assess their antioxidant activities, (3) correlate compositional differences with antioxidant function, and (4) identify key antioxidant compounds along with their potential mechanisms of action. By integrating widely targeted metabolomics with network pharmacology, we not only elucidated how enrichment methods influence the antioxidant properties of ORE but also demonstrated the potential of ORE-N as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants.