Animal experiments, despite their controversial nature, play an indispensable role in scientific advancement and led to numerous significant discoveries. The supervision of veterinarians in the realm of in vivo research holds immense importance. However, this particular aspect of veterinary medicine, distinct from their other activities, can pose ethical challenges. Veterinarians are entrusted with the prevention of diseases, healing, and pain elimination, yet in the case of animal experiments, they witness intentional suffering and death. This article evaluates the ethical and professional deontological aspects of this issue. It explores the historical evolution of human–animal (including experimental) relationships and discusses how deontology stems from the definition of ethics. The article also examines codes of ethics for veterinarians, providing illustrative examples. It highlights that the actions of veterinarians in this domain align with their deontology and emphasises the role of veterinarians in in vivo research as viewed within current legal frameworks. In conclusion, the veterinarian’s participation in animal research is both ethically and deontologically justified, and it is also a legal requirement.

In Poland, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is most often detected in cattle, although some cases have also been reported in pigs and in other non-domestic species. BTB is believed to be mainly present in the Bieszczady region, in the south-eastern part of the country. The present study analyses the practical applications of the law regarding the eradication of tuberculosis among European bison in Poland, as well as the influence of legal rules in species conservation effects. Its aim is to present and evaluate the effectiveness of legal provisions in selected cases of BTB detected in European bison. The analysis highlights key “critical points” in the management of cases of BTB in European bison, which resulted from the problematic interpretation and application of the existing legal provisions. Findings indicate that before the Animal Health Law, the eradication of BTB in European bison in Poland was not regulated clearly enough by the applicable laws in force prior to 2021. This posed a threat to an effective reintroduction strategy for bison based on creating larger metapopulations and maintaining small, isolated reservoir herds (breading centers) for fallback in the case of infectious disease. It should be emphasized that in the current legal system, there is no doubt that a District Veterinary Officer has the competence to prevent and control tuberculosis in European bison.

Veterinary professional practice can be performed in many forms, including expert activity. The importance of veterinary expertise is, however, often underrated and limited to only one of its areas. Nonetheless, veterinary expert opinions have significant social, legal, and economic impacts. This study investigates veterinary expertise from an interdisciplinary, comparative perspective. Ethical and legal analysis and interpretation are performed. Essential concepts and relevant aspects of veterinary expertise are analysed. Legally relevant factors of an expert opinion are identified. The relationship between the law, the language, and the understanding of the role and duties of a veterinary proficient is demonstrated. A variety of possible expert opinions and the multiplicity of veterinary scopes of such activity is presented. It is argued that the ranges of forensic veterinary medicine and of veterinary expertise are broader than is predominantly assumed. Veterinary forensic medicine is a crucial part of veterinary specialisation. Ethical and legal basics, and the scope of veterinary expert’s liability, are revealed and discussed. The conclusion is that the duties and responsibilities of expert veterinarians are particularly great due to the exercise of the public trust profession, with large importance for the whole society. Their observance is, however, crucial to ensure the highest quality of expert opinions issued by veterinarians.

Establishment of the veterinary university in Lwów would not be possible without the political support of Galician authorities, i.a. A. Potocki and S. Zamoyski, Galician and Viennese MPs, and professors A. Biesiadecki, P. Seifmann, H. Kadyi, and J. Szpilman, who performed repeated and uninterrupted activities of both official and unofficial character. Their contribution, postulates, commitment, and work undertaken, had overcame the resistance of central governmental powers. Creation of the Lwów veterinary academic school enabled training not only Polish veterinarians in their mother tongue, but was also an opportunity for students from other Slavic states. The aim of the work is to show the role of political and administrative supporters of the illustrious idea of the Veterinary School, and then lead to its elevation to the Academy.

Objectives: The authors’ aim is not only to extend research, but also to assist in problem-solving actions in every-day veterinary practice. Material and methods: Legal and moral norms related to veterinary necrops and the consent of the owners were analyzed according to literary,...

Sprzedaż zwierząt niosła i niesie w sobie element ryzyka kontraktowego, związany, m.in. z występowaniem różnego rodzaju wad fizycznych, chorób i przypadłości, które obniżają wartość zwierzęcia i zaburzają ekwiwalentność stosunku prawnego. W różnych krajowych porządkach prawnych w Europie przyjmowane były i są różne normatywne rozwiązania tego problemu. Celem pracy jest określenie jaki jest obowiązujący stan regulacji prawnej w zakresie wad fizycznych zwierząt w porządkach prawnych Francji, Belgii i Luksemburga, a także jaka była jego historyczna geneza, jak również lekarsko-weterynaryjna identyfikacja stosowanej w aktach prawnych terminologii dotyczącej wad głównych. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie trzy badane systemy prawne wykazują daleko posunięte podobieństwo rozwiązań normatywnych rękojmi za wady fizyczne zwierząt. Wykazano, że podstawą takiego stanu rzeczy jest wspólne dziedzictwo historyczne – tradycje praw germańskich (tzw. niemiecki model rękojmi) oraz Kodeks Napoleona. Określono jakie jednostki chorobowe i para-chorobowe były i są traktowane jako prawnie relewantne. Wykazano dodatkowe kryteria, akty staranności kupującego i reguły temporalne. Wskazano na doniosłą rolę biegłych z zakresu nauk weterynaryjnych.