This work presents research concerning the numerical assessment of two previously measured temperatures due to firebrand accumulation on surfaces, which was determined in former thermal experimental campaigns. A 3D numerical model using thermal transient non-linear analysis is used to validate the thermal outputs of these two previous experimental campaigns, and therefore, corroborating the previous temperature vs. time curves created with a prescribed flux in the firebrand accumulation area. The firebrand thermal heat transfer to the plane surface is simulated using convection and radiation film conditions, in which a 3D non-linear, time-dependent finite element simulation is used. Then, the previous proposed standard firebrand accumulation curve, ISO 834, and external fire curve are numerically compared with the results from previous firebrand accumulation curves in a wood corner wall. Finally, the merit assessment of the proposed standard firebrand accumulation curve shows a visible improvement, which has low values and is in accordance with the experimental results in the temperature field distribution of firebrand accumulation onto a contact surface. It is fair to argue that it constitutes a point to search for an efficient design for structures at elevated temperatures due to firebrand accumulation.

This work presents a state-of-the-art review of existing fireproof construction guidelines for dwellings against wildfires. The most important wildfire-proof construction guidelines and codes for dwellings are presented, and these are later associated with existing fire engineering chapters associated with building codes. It was concluded that the variability in this subject is very high, and the approach to classifying the thermal effects in construction still lags behind scientific consensus. Moreover, the constructive requirements depend severally on the country’s building code when assessing the fireproof requirements for wildfire. Moreover, the thermal actions of wildfires in dwellings are presented and compared with classical ISO-834 standard fire curves, in which the maximum equivalent fire exposure time can range from 2 to 4 h depending on the country’s code. The key contributions of this work consist of (i) thoroughly disseminating codes and guidelines to promote scientific discussion in order to advance the wildfire fireproof standards dedicated to WUI; (ii) emphasizing the void in current codes in order to promote conversation between future researchers.

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Resumo Escadas pré-moldadas leves de concreto podem ser fixadas na alvenaria com chumbadores metálicos, cuja estabilidade depende da integridade dos pontos de ancoragem. O ambiente em que está fixada a escada tem papel vital na desocupação de um edifício em situação de incêndio, o que justifica estudar o comportamento desses elementos durante um incêndio. Este trabalho apresenta estratégia numérica para realizar simulações com o código computacional ABAQUS com vistas a melhor entender o comportamento de escadas pré-moldadas e seu sistema de ancoragem em alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto em ambiente sob incêndio. A evolução da temperatura foi determinada nos pontos de ancoragem e na viga denteada da escada em resposta ao incêndio-padrão ISO 834-1:1999 apenas na face oposta à parede em que a escada está fixada. Os resultados mostram que as elevações de temperatura no chumbador e na viga denteada não atingem níveis que reduzam significativamente a resistência do aço, quando a cavidade do bloco está grauteada, e da resistência do concreto respectivamente. Tais resultados sinalizam aspectos importantes em contexto construtivo de sistemas de alvenaria estrutural e segurança ao incêndio.