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Urban green spaces have been widely recognized for their ecosystem services (ES) provisioning, but their resources are insufficient. Informal green spaces (IGS), the neglected areas whose maintenance was abandoned, can complement existing greenery, generating minimal costs for the managers. In this transdisciplinary study, we investigate the role of IGS in the ES provisioning and preserving biodiversity compared to urban parks. We conducted measurements in locations that represent IGS in two varying habitat types (upland and riparian) compared to recently established parks on the upland. We measured biophysical indicators related to ES and performed a social study to assess cultural ES. We used multivariate analysis to find the significant indicators related to ES and biodiversity and analyzed interrelations among them. We found comparable ES provisioning for dust removal, cooling benefits, water storage and biodiversity preservation in IGS and urban parks. The differences were mainly due to the canopy development stage rather than cultivation. Despite the lack of infrastructure, IGS with dense vegetation were perceived more positively than traditionally cultivated parks. We found differences in how the ES and biodiversity were interrelated, in IGS, the most important links were between regulating and supporting services, while in parks, cultural services prevailed.
Piotr Sikorski; Beata Gawryszewska; Daria Sikorska; Jarosław Chormański; Axel Schwerk; Agata Jojczyk; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Archiciński; Maciej Łepkowski; Izabela Dymitryszyn; Arkadiusz Przybysz; Marzena Wińska-Krysiak; Barbara Zajdel; Jarosław Matusiak; Edyta Łaszkiewicz. The value of doing nothing – How informal green spaces can provide comparable ecosystem services to cultivated urban parks. Ecosystem Services 2021, 50, 101339 .
AMA StylePiotr Sikorski, Beata Gawryszewska, Daria Sikorska, Jarosław Chormański, Axel Schwerk, Agata Jojczyk, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Piotr Archiciński, Maciej Łepkowski, Izabela Dymitryszyn, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Marzena Wińska-Krysiak, Barbara Zajdel, Jarosław Matusiak, Edyta Łaszkiewicz. The value of doing nothing – How informal green spaces can provide comparable ecosystem services to cultivated urban parks. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 50 ():101339.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Sikorski; Beata Gawryszewska; Daria Sikorska; Jarosław Chormański; Axel Schwerk; Agata Jojczyk; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Archiciński; Maciej Łepkowski; Izabela Dymitryszyn; Arkadiusz Przybysz; Marzena Wińska-Krysiak; Barbara Zajdel; Jarosław Matusiak; Edyta Łaszkiewicz. 2021. "The value of doing nothing – How informal green spaces can provide comparable ecosystem services to cultivated urban parks." Ecosystem Services 50, no. : 101339.
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have been an increasingly recognized framework that uses naturally occurring processes to maximise the provisioning of ecosystem services and improve the life quality of city dwellers. One of the more widely applied NbS is an intentional abandonment of green space cultivation and promoting wilderness. In this study, we developed urban spontaneous vegetation (USV) identification algorithm based on NDVI from Sentinel-2 data in Warsaw’s green spaces, Poland. We verified the study in an on-site survey where we collected 2863 field reference plots for USV and cultivated vegetation identification. We achieved 74 % accuracy for USV and 70 % for cultivated vegetation identification. The study assessed the spatial resources and extent of USV in the scale of the city and within various types of urban greenery. We identified the vegetation development persistence over 3 years and assessed the spontaneity levels of urban greenery. Classification of Warsaw’s vegetation revealed that 54 % of Warsaw’s greenery is cultivated while the remaining part is characterized by various levels of spontaneity. Only in 34.7 % of USV, we found no interruption of vegetation development due to cultivation for at least 3 years. USV was common in both cultivated parks where it accounted for 46.6 % of vegetation, as well as in the vacant lots, where it occurred in 55.3 % of the area. The proposed USV detection methodology can be an efficient tool for restoration effectiveness assessment and can support cultivation abandonment as NbS - an intended action promoting wilderness.
Daria Sikorska; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Babańczyk; Jarosław Chormański; Piotr Sikorski. Intended wilderness as a Nature-based Solution: Status, identification and management of urban spontaneous vegetation in cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2021, 62, 127155 .
AMA StyleDaria Sikorska, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Piotr Babańczyk, Jarosław Chormański, Piotr Sikorski. Intended wilderness as a Nature-based Solution: Status, identification and management of urban spontaneous vegetation in cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021; 62 ():127155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaria Sikorska; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Babańczyk; Jarosław Chormański; Piotr Sikorski. 2021. "Intended wilderness as a Nature-based Solution: Status, identification and management of urban spontaneous vegetation in cities." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 62, no. : 127155.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the identification of Natura 2000 wetland habitats (Alkaline fens—code 7230, and Transition mires and quaking bogs—code 7140) depending on various remotely sensed (RS) data acquired from an airborne platform. Both remote sensing data and botanical reference data were gathered for mentioned habitats in the Lower (LB) and Upper Biebrza (UB) River Valley and the Janowskie Forest (JF) in different seasonal stages. Several different classification scenarios were tested, and the ones that gave the best results for analyzed habitats were indicated in each campaign. In the final stage, a recommended term of data acquisition, as well as a list of remote sensing products, which allowed us to achieve the highest accuracy mapping for these two types of wetland habitats, were presented. Designed classification scenarios integrated different hyperspectral products such as Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) bands, spectral indices and products derived from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data representing topography (developed in SAGA), or statistical products (developed in OPALS—Orientation and Processing of Airborne Laser Scanning). The image classifications were performed using a Random Forest (RF) algorithm and a multi-classification approach. As part of the research, the correlation analysis of the developed remote sensing products was carried out, and the Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFE-CV) analysis was performed to select the most important RS sub-products and thus increase the efficiency and accuracy of developing the final habitat distribution maps. The classification results showed that alkaline fens are better identified in summer (mean F1-SCORE equals 0.950 in the UB area, and 0.935 in the LB area), transition mires and quaking bogs that evolved on/or in the vicinity of alkaline fens in summer and autumn (mean F1-SCORE equals 0.931 in summer, and 0.923 in autumn in the UB area), and transition mires and quaking bogs that evolved on dystrophic lakes in spring and summer (mean F1-SCORE equals 0.953 in spring, and 0.948 in summer in the JF area). The study also points out that the classification accuracy of both wetland habitats is highly improved when combining selected hyperspectral products (MNF bands, spectral indices) with ALS topographical and statistical products. This article demonstrates that information provided by the synergetic use of data from different sensors can be used in mapping and monitoring both Natura 2000 wetland habitats for its future functional assessment and/or protection activities planning with high accuracy.
Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Hubert Piórkowski; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Filip Jarzombkowski; Łukasz Sławik; Dominik Kopeć. Mapping Alkaline Fens, Transition Mires and Quaking Bogs Using Airborne Hyperspectral and Laser Scanning Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1504 .
AMA StyleSylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Hubert Piórkowski, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Filip Jarzombkowski, Łukasz Sławik, Dominik Kopeć. Mapping Alkaline Fens, Transition Mires and Quaking Bogs Using Airborne Hyperspectral and Laser Scanning Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (8):1504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Hubert Piórkowski; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Filip Jarzombkowski; Łukasz Sławik; Dominik Kopeć. 2021. "Mapping Alkaline Fens, Transition Mires and Quaking Bogs Using Airborne Hyperspectral and Laser Scanning Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8: 1504.
This study is focused on detecting vegetation stress in natural and semi-natural riparian wetland ecosystems. Wetland ecosystems play an important role at the local and global scale. They provide various ecosystem services as long as they are in good condition. The global climate change influence a local environment, in which wetlands health become an indicator of drought conditions. Persisting adverse conditions might lead to the irreversible changes in these precious ecosystems. Hence, modern methods for the monitoring of these ecosystems are required to be developed. In scope of this study, based on basic of meteorological elements (air temperature and humidity) and canopy temperature from meteorological tower and Landsat-8 satellite Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) was proposed for riparian wetland habitats and wet meadows monitoring, in the Upper Biebrza Basin (NE Poland). As a first step, CWSI was calculated based on meteorological measurements and compared with CWSI calculated for surrounding Landsat-8 pixels covered by the same land use type as one being in the tower field of view. CWSI from both sensors were in significant agreement. In the second step of the analysis, CWSI and selected optical indices were calculated for longer period based on satellite data. Those indices were compared to test if they indicate the same conditions, or if their indications are inconsistent. Results show that CWSI and optical indices indicate different plant stress factors. Hence, for proper wetlands condition assessment still more research is required to properly assess their conditions and its causes.
Wojciech Ciezkowski; Malgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. Thermal and Optical Indices for Wetland Habitats, are They Showing the Same Thing? IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2020, 13, 3951 -3957.
AMA StyleWojciech Ciezkowski, Malgorzata Kleniewska, Jaroslaw Chormanski. Thermal and Optical Indices for Wetland Habitats, are They Showing the Same Thing? IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2020; 13 (99):3951-3957.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciezkowski; Malgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. 2020. "Thermal and Optical Indices for Wetland Habitats, are They Showing the Same Thing?" IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 13, no. 99: 3951-3957.
The use of hyperspectral (HS) and LiDAR acquisitions has a great potential to enhance mapping and monitoring practices of endangered grasslands habitats, beyond conventional botanical field surveys. In this study we assess the potentiality of recursive feature elimination (RFE) in combination with random forest (RF) classification in extracting the main HS and LiDAR features needed to map selected Natura 2000 grasslands along Polish lowland river valleys, in particular alluvial meadows 6440, lowland hay meadows 6510, and xeric and calcareous grasslands 6120. We developed an automated RFE-RF system capable to combine the potentials of both techniques and applied it to multiple acquisitions. Several LiDAR-based products and different spectral indices (SI) were computed and used as input in the system, with the aim of shedding light on the best-to-use features. Results showed a remarkable increase in classification accuracy when LiDAR and SI products are added to the HS dataset, strengthening in particular the importance of employing LiDAR in combination with HS. Using only the 24 optimal features selection generalized over the three study areas, strongly linked to the highly heterogeneous characteristics of the habitats and landscapes investigated, it was possible to achieve rather high classification results (K around 0.7–0.77 and habitats F1 accuracy around 0.8–0.85), indicating that the selected Natura 2000 meadows and dry grasslands habitats can be automatically mapped by airborne HS and LiDAR data. Similar approaches might be considered for future monitoring activities in the context of habitats protection and conservation.
Luca Demarchi; Adam Kania; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Hubert Piórkowski; Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko; Jarosław Chormański. Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Natura 2000 Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1842 .
AMA StyleLuca Demarchi, Adam Kania, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Hubert Piórkowski, Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko, Jarosław Chormański. Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Natura 2000 Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (11):1842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Demarchi; Adam Kania; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Hubert Piórkowski; Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko; Jarosław Chormański. 2020. "Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Natura 2000 Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11: 1842.
The use of Hyperspectral (HS) and LiDAR acquisitions has a great potential to enhance mapping and monitoring practices of endangered grasslands habitats, beyond conventional botanical field surveys. In this study we assess the potentiality of Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) in combination with Random Forest (RF) classification in extracting the main HS and LiDAR features needed to map selected Natura 2000 grasslands along Polish lowland river valleys, in particular alluvial meadows 6440, lowland hay meadows 6510 and xeric and calcareous grasslands 6120. We developed an automated RFE-RF system capable to combine the potentials of both techniques and applied it to multiple acquisitions. Several LiDAR-based products and different Spectral Indexes (SI) were computed and used as input in the system, with the aim of shedding light on the best-to-use features. Results showed a remarkable increase in classification accuracy when LiDAR and SI products are added to the HS dataset, strengthening in particular the importance of employing LiDAR in combination with HS. Using only the 24 optimal features selection generalized over the three study areas, strongly linked to the highly heterogeneous characteristics of the habitats and landscapes investigated, it was possible to achieve rather high classification results (K around 0.7-0.77 and habitats F1 accuracy around 0.8-0.85), indicating that the selected Natura 2000 meadows and dry grasslands habitats can be automatically mapped by airborne HS and LiDAR data. Similar approaches might be considered for future monitoring activities in the context of habitats protection and conservation
Luca Demarchi; Adam Kania; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Hubert Piórkowski; Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko; Jarosław Chormański. Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Meadows and Dry Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLuca Demarchi, Adam Kania, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Hubert Piórkowski, Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko, Jarosław Chormański. Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Meadows and Dry Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Demarchi; Adam Kania; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Hubert Piórkowski; Zuzanna Oświecimska-Piasko; Jarosław Chormański. 2020. "Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest Classification of Meadows and Dry Grasslands in Lowland River Valleys of Poland Based on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Fusion." , no. : 1.
Despite covering only 2–6% of land, wetland ecosystems play an important role at the local and global scale. They provide various ecosystem services (carbon dioxide sequestration, pollution removal, water retention, climate regulation, etc.) as long as they are in good condition. By definition, wetlands are rich in water ecosystems. However, ongoing climate change with an ambiguous balance of rain in a temperate climate zone leads to drought conditions. Such periods interfere with the natural processes occurring on wetlands and restrain the normal functioning of wetland ecosystems. Persisting unfavorable water conditions lead to irreversible changes in wetland habitats. Hence, the monitoring of habitat changes caused by an insufficient amount of water (plant water stress) is necessary. Unfortunately, due to the specific conditions of wetlands, monitoring them by both traditional and remote sensing techniques is challenging, and research on wetland water stress has been insufficient. This paper describes the adaptation of the thermal water stress index, also known as the crop water stress index (CWSI), for wetlands. This index is calculated based on land surface temperature and meteorological parameters (temperature and vapor pressure deficit—VPD). In this study, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) was used to measure land surface temperature. Performance of the CWSI was confirmed by the high correlation with field measurements of a fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (R = −0.70) and soil moisture (R = −0.62). Comparison of the crop water stress index with meteorological drought indices showed that the first phase of drought (meteorological drought) cannot be detected with this index. This study confirms the potential of using the CWSI as a water stress indicator in wetland ecosystems.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Piotr Dąbrowski; Maciej Góraj; Jan Szatyłowicz; Stefan Ignar; Jarosław Chormański. Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 631 .
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Jacek Jóźwiak, Tomasz Gnatowski, Piotr Dąbrowski, Maciej Góraj, Jan Szatyłowicz, Stefan Ignar, Jarosław Chormański. Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (4):631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Piotr Dąbrowski; Maciej Góraj; Jan Szatyłowicz; Stefan Ignar; Jarosław Chormański. 2020. "Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4: 631.
This study is focused on detecting water stress on natural wetland ecosystems. In the Upper Biebrza Basin (NE Poland), on the meteorological tower, continuous measurements of plant surface temperature and basic meteorological parameters (air temperature and humidity) were conducted. Based on this measurements Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) was calculated. Also Landsat 8 thermal images were used for similar calculation. Firstly, correlation of Landsat 8 based and tower based CWSI was evaluated. The high agreement of values regards this two sources was obtained (R 2 = 0.99, p-value < 0.01, slope of adjusted model is equal to 0.989 and its intercept is equal to 0.0003). Secondly, the Landsat based CWSI was calculated for all wetland ecosystems in the Upper Biebrza Basin for selected images from the period of 2014-2016 years. Results show positive verification of satellite images as a source for CWSI calculation for natural wetland ecosystem, additionally, water stress was indicated frequently during analyzed years.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Malgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. Using Landsat 8 Images for The Wetland Water Stress Calculation: Upper Biebrza Case Study. IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2019, 6867 -6870.
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Malgorzata Kleniewska, Jaroslaw Chormanski. Using Landsat 8 Images for The Wetland Water Stress Calculation: Upper Biebrza Case Study. IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2019; ():6867-6870.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Malgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. 2019. "Using Landsat 8 Images for The Wetland Water Stress Calculation: Upper Biebrza Case Study." IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , no. : 6867-6870.
Maciej Góraj; Cezary Wróblewski; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Jacek Jóźwiak; Jarosław Chormański. Free water table area monitoring on wetlands using satellite and UAV orthophotomaps – Kampinos National Park case study. Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management 2019, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleMaciej Góraj, Cezary Wróblewski, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Jacek Jóźwiak, Jarosław Chormański. Free water table area monitoring on wetlands using satellite and UAV orthophotomaps – Kampinos National Park case study. Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. 2019; 7 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Góraj; Cezary Wróblewski; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Jacek Jóźwiak; Jarosław Chormański. 2019. "Free water table area monitoring on wetlands using satellite and UAV orthophotomaps – Kampinos National Park case study." Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management 7, no. 1: 1.
The research carried out concerned the laboratory assessment of the applicability of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as a practical tool for assessing the risk of desiccation for selected wetland habitats: transition mires and quaking bogs as well as alkaline fens. The analysis was carried out on 3 soil samples with a vegetation cover (with the dimensions of 40×40×30 cm) collected during the full vegetation season for each mentioned habitat, with a characteristic species composition. Experimental research was carried out between 17th May 2018 and 19th June 2018. Thermal, RGB and multispectral images, chlorophyll content, volumetric soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken for each sample every two days. The obtained results clearly indicate the dependence between CWSI and plant condition parameters in the first phase of desiccation. At the same time, as a result of the observations taken, thresholds have been set, indicating different desiccation phases.
Maciej Góraj; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Sikorski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Jarosław Chormański. Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMaciej Góraj, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Piotr Sikorski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Jacek Jóźwiak, Tomasz Gnatowski, Jan Szatyłowicz, Jarosław Chormański. Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Góraj; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Sikorski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Jarosław Chormański. 2018. "Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index." , no. : 1.
This study is focused on adaptation of the water stress index to make use of it on bogs and mires of temperate transitional climate zone. Investigated object is located in Janowskie Forest Landscape Park (south-east Poland), area protected within Natura 2000 network and recognized as habitat 7140 (transition mires and quaking bogs). In order to obtain dataset UAV flights with thermal camera and airborne mission with hyperspectral sensor were performed. Field measurements included collection of both meteorological and biophysical parameters. It is shown that CWSI is a promising method for monitoring of water stress on Natura 2000 habitats.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Jacek Jozwiak; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Piotr Dąbrowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Maciej Goraj; Jaroslaw Chormanski. Water Stress Index for Bogs and Mires Based on UAV Land Surface Measuremnts and Its Dependency on Airborne Hyperespectral Data. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2018, 9257 -9260.
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Jacek Jozwiak, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Piotr Dąbrowski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Maciej Goraj, Jaroslaw Chormanski. Water Stress Index for Bogs and Mires Based on UAV Land Surface Measuremnts and Its Dependency on Airborne Hyperespectral Data. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2018; ():9257-9260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Jacek Jozwiak; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Piotr Dąbrowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Maciej Goraj; Jaroslaw Chormanski. 2018. "Water Stress Index for Bogs and Mires Based on UAV Land Surface Measuremnts and Its Dependency on Airborne Hyperespectral Data." IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , no. : 9257-9260.
This study shows results of parallel measurements of greenhouse gases fluxes (carbon dioxide and water vapour) and canopy reflectance of alkaline fen. Fluxes were measured using eddy-covariance technique on micrometeorological station located in the Upper Biebrza Basin (NE Poland) in Rogożynek Village. Study site is located in the Biebrza National Park which was established to protect one of the biggest coherent lowland wetland area in the Central Europe. Statistical relations of reflectance and spectral indices with fluxes were calculated based on measurements during two growing season (2015 and 2016). Four types of functions were examined: linear, quadratic, exponential and logarithmic and for two timestamps: half-hour and day. The correlation between carbon dioxide fluxes and reflectance is better than for water vapour fluxes. For both carbon dioxide and water vapour we obtained higher correlations coefficients using selected spectral indices than using reflectance and higher correlations for daily timestamp than for half-hour fluxes.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour Fluxes of a Alkaline Fen and Their Dependence on Reflectance. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2018, 9253 -9256.
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Tomasz Berezowski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Jaroslaw Chormanski. Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour Fluxes of a Alkaline Fen and Their Dependence on Reflectance. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2018; ():9253-9256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jaroslaw Chormanski. 2018. "Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour Fluxes of a Alkaline Fen and Their Dependence on Reflectance." IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , no. : 9253-9256.
This study estimates rainfall interception losses from natural wetland ecosystems based on maximum canopy storage measurements. Rainfall interception losses play an important role in water balance, which is crucial in wetlands, and has not yet been thoroughly studied in relation to this type of ecosystem. Maximum canopy storage was measured using the weight method. Based on these measurements, daily values of interception losses were estimated and then used to calculate long-term interception losses based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data for the 1971–2015 period. Depending mainly on the number of days with precipitation, the results show that total interception losses for the growing season as well as monthly interception losses are around 13% of gross rainfall. This value is similar to the values observed for some forests. Hence, interception losses should not be disregarded in hydrologic models of wetlands, especially because data trends in meteorological conditions (mainly number of days with precipitation) show that interception losses will increase in the future if those trends stay the same.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jarosław Chormański. Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements. Water 2018, 10, 41 .
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Tomasz Berezowski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Jarosław Chormański. Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements. Water. 2018; 10 (1):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jarosław Chormański. 2018. "Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements." Water 10, no. 1: 41.
This study estimates rainfall interception losses from natural wetland ecosystems based on maximum canopy storage measurements. Rainfall interception losses play an important role in water balance, which is crucial in wetlands, and has not yet been thoroughly studied in relation to this type of ecosystem. Maximum canopy storage was measured using the weight method. Based on these measurements, daily values of interception losses were estimated and then used to calculate long term interception losses based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data for the 1971–2015 period. Depending mainly on the number of days with precipitation, the results show that total interception losses for the growing season as well as monthly interception losses are around 13% of gross rainfall. This value is similar to the values observed for some forests. Hence, interception losses should not be disregarded in hydrologic models of wetlands, especially because data trends in meteorological conditions (mainly number of days with precipitation) show that interception losses will increase in the future if those trends stay the same.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jarosław Chormański. Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Tomasz Berezowski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Jarosław Chormański. Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Tomasz Berezowski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jarosław Chormański. 2017. "Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements." , no. : 1.