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Forest roads play a crucial role in commercial forestry. Most of them are unpaved and exposed to increased surface runoff and the occurrence of soil erosion. Therefore, these roads constantly require repairs and maintenance, which are associated with the high cost of earthworks. Soil water repellency causes retardation of water infiltration into soil, which affects the generation of surface runoff, leading to the destruction of the active road layer. This phenomenon is well recognized in forest habitat soils, but poorly investigated in terms of soils constituting roads and communication routes. Therefore, the aims of this research were to determine the severity and persistence of potential water repellency in the case of soil collected from two unpaved roads in coniferous forest and to investigate the dependence between the severity of soil water repellency and its persistence. Soil samples (Dystric Brunic Arenosols) were collected from three points of the roadway, i.e., centre line, rut and roadside, from two different sites located in fresh coniferous and fresh mixed coniferous forest (Poland). The severity of soil water repellency was assessed, based on measured values of the wetting contact angle (Wilhelmy plate method) and the critical and 90° surface tensions. For this purpose, contact angle measurements of the solid phase, wetted by water–ethanol mixtures, were used and data results were analysed using the Zisman approach. The persistence of potential soil water repellency was assessed using the water drop penetration time test. The severity and persistence of soil water repellency depend on the forest habitat type surrounding the road and point locations on the road cross section. The soil samples collected from the roadside were more water repellent than samples taken from the centre line or rut. A strong relationship was found between the water drop penetration time and the advancing contact angle, the critical surface tension and the 90° surface tension.
Ewa Papierowska; Jan Szatyłowicz; Maria Ruta; Andrzej Łachacz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Tomasz Stańczyk. Water repellency of soils on unpaved roads in coniferous forests. CATENA 2020, 195, 104784 .
AMA StyleEwa Papierowska, Jan Szatyłowicz, Maria Ruta, Andrzej Łachacz, Tomasz Gnatowski, Tomasz Stańczyk. Water repellency of soils on unpaved roads in coniferous forests. CATENA. 2020; 195 ():104784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Papierowska; Jan Szatyłowicz; Maria Ruta; Andrzej Łachacz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Tomasz Stańczyk. 2020. "Water repellency of soils on unpaved roads in coniferous forests." CATENA 195, no. : 104784.
Despite covering only 2–6% of land, wetland ecosystems play an important role at the local and global scale. They provide various ecosystem services (carbon dioxide sequestration, pollution removal, water retention, climate regulation, etc.) as long as they are in good condition. By definition, wetlands are rich in water ecosystems. However, ongoing climate change with an ambiguous balance of rain in a temperate climate zone leads to drought conditions. Such periods interfere with the natural processes occurring on wetlands and restrain the normal functioning of wetland ecosystems. Persisting unfavorable water conditions lead to irreversible changes in wetland habitats. Hence, the monitoring of habitat changes caused by an insufficient amount of water (plant water stress) is necessary. Unfortunately, due to the specific conditions of wetlands, monitoring them by both traditional and remote sensing techniques is challenging, and research on wetland water stress has been insufficient. This paper describes the adaptation of the thermal water stress index, also known as the crop water stress index (CWSI), for wetlands. This index is calculated based on land surface temperature and meteorological parameters (temperature and vapor pressure deficit—VPD). In this study, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) was used to measure land surface temperature. Performance of the CWSI was confirmed by the high correlation with field measurements of a fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (R = −0.70) and soil moisture (R = −0.62). Comparison of the crop water stress index with meteorological drought indices showed that the first phase of drought (meteorological drought) cannot be detected with this index. This study confirms the potential of using the CWSI as a water stress indicator in wetland ecosystems.
Wojciech Ciężkowski; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Piotr Dąbrowski; Maciej Góraj; Jan Szatyłowicz; Stefan Ignar; Jarosław Chormański. Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 631 .
AMA StyleWojciech Ciężkowski, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Jacek Jóźwiak, Tomasz Gnatowski, Piotr Dąbrowski, Maciej Góraj, Jan Szatyłowicz, Stefan Ignar, Jarosław Chormański. Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (4):631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Ciężkowski; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Piotr Dąbrowski; Maciej Góraj; Jan Szatyłowicz; Stefan Ignar; Jarosław Chormański. 2020. "Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature-Based Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4: 631.
Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Maria Janicka. The Influence of Soil Contamination with Diesel Oil on Germination Dynamics and Seedling Development of Selected Species of the Fabaceae Family. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2020, 21, 210 -218.
AMA StyleBogumiła Pawluśkiewicz, Tomasz Gnatowski, Maria Janicka. The Influence of Soil Contamination with Diesel Oil on Germination Dynamics and Seedling Development of Selected Species of the Fabaceae Family. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2020; 21 (1):210-218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBogumiła Pawluśkiewicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Maria Janicka. 2020. "The Influence of Soil Contamination with Diesel Oil on Germination Dynamics and Seedling Development of Selected Species of the Fabaceae Family." Journal of Ecological Engineering 21, no. 1: 210-218.
Green roofs ought to be perceived as ensuring a wide-ranging contribution to the sustainable urban environment. The aim of the study was; (1) to investigate and analyse the differences in the surface temperature between four models of green roofs of the extensive type and a conventional roof (covered with bitumen) under the conditions of a continental climate; (2) to assess the influence of environmental parameters (climatic water balance, air temperature, relative humidity, moisture content in the profile) on changes in the temperature of the extensive type green roof profile (substrate and vegetation mat). The study (1) was carried out during the period of June–December 2016 using a thermal imaging camera. As a result, the greatest differences in temperature were noted in June and July, with a maximum difference between the temporary surface temperature of a green roof and a conventional roof of up to 24 °C. The (2) study was conducted on a green roof profile with sedum plant vegetation. The measured parameters were: the temperature of the surface, the temperature and humidity at depths of 3 cm and 15 cm, and active radiation in the photosynthesis process (PAR). As the result, the range of daily changes in the surface temperatures and the vegetation mat were higher than the range of changes in the air temperature. Atmospheric precipitation decreased the thermal gradient in the soil, as well as the temperature fluctuations in the course of a day as a result of the increase in humidity following a rainfall. During the summer period, over the course of a day, the surface temperature was 5 °C higher than the air temperature. The largest correlation was obtained between the air temperature and the temperature of the surface as well as the temperature of the structural layers.
Anna Baryła; Tomasz Gnatowski; Agnieszka Karczmarczyk; Jan Szatyłowicz. Changes in Temperature and Moisture Content of an Extensive-Type Green Roof. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2498 .
AMA StyleAnna Baryła, Tomasz Gnatowski, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk, Jan Szatyłowicz. Changes in Temperature and Moisture Content of an Extensive-Type Green Roof. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Baryła; Tomasz Gnatowski; Agnieszka Karczmarczyk; Jan Szatyłowicz. 2019. "Changes in Temperature and Moisture Content of an Extensive-Type Green Roof." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2498.
The proper monitoring of soil moisture content is important to understand water-related processes in peatland ecosystems. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a popular method used for soil moisture content measurements, the applicability of which is still challenging in field studies due to requirements regarding the calibration curve which converts the dielectric constant into the soil moisture content. The main objective of this study was to develop a general calibration equation for the TDR method based on simultaneous field measurements of the dielectric constant and gravimetric water content in the surface layers of degraded peatlands. Data were collected during field campaigns conducted temporarily between the years 2006 and 2016 at the drained peatland Kuwasy located in the north-east area of Poland. Based on the data analysis, a two-slopes linear calibration equation was developed as a general broken-line model (GBLM). A site-specific calibration model (SSM-D) for the TDR method was obtained in the form of a two-slopes equation describing the relationship between the soil moisture content and the dielectric constant and introducing the bioindices as covariates relating to plant species biodiversity and the state of the habitats. The root mean squared error for the GBLM and SSM-D models were equal, respectively, at 0.04 and 0.035 cm3 cm−3.
Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz; Ryszard Oleszczuk; Maria Janicka; Ewa Papierowska; Daniel Szejba. Field Calibration of TDR to Assess the Soil Moisture of Drained Peatland Surface Layers. Water 2018, 10, 1842 .
AMA StyleTomasz Gnatowski, Jan Szatyłowicz, Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz, Ryszard Oleszczuk, Maria Janicka, Ewa Papierowska, Daniel Szejba. Field Calibration of TDR to Assess the Soil Moisture of Drained Peatland Surface Layers. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz; Ryszard Oleszczuk; Maria Janicka; Ewa Papierowska; Daniel Szejba. 2018. "Field Calibration of TDR to Assess the Soil Moisture of Drained Peatland Surface Layers." Water 10, no. 12: 1842.
The research carried out concerned the laboratory assessment of the applicability of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as a practical tool for assessing the risk of desiccation for selected wetland habitats: transition mires and quaking bogs as well as alkaline fens. The analysis was carried out on 3 soil samples with a vegetation cover (with the dimensions of 40×40×30 cm) collected during the full vegetation season for each mentioned habitat, with a characteristic species composition. Experimental research was carried out between 17th May 2018 and 19th June 2018. Thermal, RGB and multispectral images, chlorophyll content, volumetric soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken for each sample every two days. The obtained results clearly indicate the dependence between CWSI and plant condition parameters in the first phase of desiccation. At the same time, as a result of the observations taken, thresholds have been set, indicating different desiccation phases.
Maciej Góraj; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Sikorski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Jarosław Chormański. Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMaciej Góraj, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Piotr Sikorski, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska, Jacek Jóźwiak, Tomasz Gnatowski, Jan Szatyłowicz, Jarosław Chormański. Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Góraj; Wojciech Ciężkowski; Piotr Sikorski; Małgorzata Kleniewska; Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska; Jacek Jóźwiak; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Jarosław Chormański. 2018. "Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index." , no. : 1.
The contamination of soil with petroleum products is a major environmental problem. Petroleum products are common soil contaminants as a result of human activities, and they are causing substantial changes in the biological (particularly microbiological) processes, chemical composition, structure and physical properties of soil. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of soil moisture on CO2 efflux from diesel-contaminated albic podzol soils. Two contamination treatments (3000 and 9000 mg of diesel oil per kg of soil) were prepared for four horizons from two forest study sites with different initial levels of soil water repellency. CO2 emissions were measured using a portable infrared gas analyser (LCpro+, ADC BioScientific, UK) while the soil samples were drying under laboratory conditions (from saturation to air-dry). The assessment of soil water repellency was performed using the water drop penetration time test. An analysis of variance (ANVOA) was conducted for the CO2 efflux data. The obtained results show that CO2 efflux from diesel-contaminated soils is higher than efflux from uncontaminated soils. The initially water-repellent soils were found to have a bigger CO2 efflux. The non-linear relationship between soil moisture content and CO2 efflux only existed for the upper soil horizons, while for deeper soil horizons, the efflux is practically independent of soil moisture content. The contamination of soil by diesel leads to increased soil water repellency.
Edyta Hewelke; Jan Szatyłowicz; Piotr Hewelke; Tomasz Gnatowski; Rufat Aghalarov. The Impact of Diesel Oil Pollution on the Hydrophobicity and CO2 Efflux of Forest Soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2018, 229, 1 -11.
AMA StyleEdyta Hewelke, Jan Szatyłowicz, Piotr Hewelke, Tomasz Gnatowski, Rufat Aghalarov. The Impact of Diesel Oil Pollution on the Hydrophobicity and CO2 Efflux of Forest Soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2018; 229 (2):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdyta Hewelke; Jan Szatyłowicz; Piotr Hewelke; Tomasz Gnatowski; Rufat Aghalarov. 2018. "The Impact of Diesel Oil Pollution on the Hydrophobicity and CO2 Efflux of Forest Soils." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 229, no. 2: 1-11.
The aim of this study is to present the research results on the water retention of green roof on the example of a facility located in the district of Ursynów, Capital City Warsaw. The experimental site was a fragment of green patio of 25 cm substrate thickness which is a mixture of peat, sand and gravelite. Green roof area is overgrown with a mixture of grasses as well as conifers and deciduous bushes. The components of the water balance during the growing season of 2008 were calculated using the GreenRoof model. Performed studies have shown that the examined green roof retain more than 99% of water from rainfall.
Daniel Szejba; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz. Bilans wodny zielonego dachu na przykładzie obiektu w dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 2017, 26, 66 -74.
AMA StyleDaniel Szejba, Tomasz Gnatowski, Jan Szatyłowicz. Bilans wodny zielonego dachu na przykładzie obiektu w dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska. 2017; 26 (1):66-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Szejba; Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz. 2017. "Bilans wodny zielonego dachu na przykładzie obiektu w dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1: 66-74.
Piotr Hewelke; Tomasz Gratowski; Edyta Hewelke; Stanisław Żakowicz; Jan Tyszka. Analysis of Water Retention Capacity for Select Forest Soils in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2015, 24, 1013 -1019.
AMA StylePiotr Hewelke, Tomasz Gratowski, Edyta Hewelke, Stanisław Żakowicz, Jan Tyszka. Analysis of Water Retention Capacity for Select Forest Soils in Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2015; 24 ():1013-1019.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Hewelke; Tomasz Gratowski; Edyta Hewelke; Stanisław Żakowicz; Jan Tyszka. 2015. "Analysis of Water Retention Capacity for Select Forest Soils in Poland." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 24, no. : 1013-1019.
Edyta Hewelke; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Ryszard Oleszczuk. Effects of Soil Water Repellency on Moisture Patterns in a Degraded Sapric Histosol. Land Degradation & Development 2014, 27, 955 -964.
AMA StyleEdyta Hewelke, Jan Szatyłowicz, Tomasz Gnatowski, Ryszard Oleszczuk. Effects of Soil Water Repellency on Moisture Patterns in a Degraded Sapric Histosol. Land Degradation & Development. 2014; 27 (4):955-964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdyta Hewelke; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Ryszard Oleszczuk. 2014. "Effects of Soil Water Repellency on Moisture Patterns in a Degraded Sapric Histosol." Land Degradation & Development 27, no. 4: 955-964.
The hydraulic properties of fen peat soils from the Biebrza River Valley in the north-east of Poland were investigated. 87 soil samples were collected from nine typical peat-moorsh soil profiles representing three types of peat: moss with fibrous structure, herbaceous and wooden peat characterised by amorphous structure with high humus content. The multi-step outflow method was used to determine the parameters of the Mualem-van Genuchten model (MVG) that describes soil moisture retention characteristics and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function of each soil sample. The agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the parameters of MVG model was applied in order to obtain typical hydraulic functions for the three types of peat considered. As a result of the analysis, the hydraulic properties of the fen peat soils were agglomerated into five clusters. The MVG model parameters as well as hydraulic functions were analysed for distinguished clusters. The parameters of the moss peats with low degree of decomposition and fibric structure were different from those of the herbaceous and wooden decomposed peats with high humus content. The largest values of the hydraulically active pore space (difference between saturated and residual moisture content) were observed for moss peat samples, while the lowest values were observed for wooden peat samples. The empirical parameters describing the shape of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function were depended on the type of the peat and therefore the degree of decomposition. The L parameter values of the herbaceous and wooden peats were generally greater than 0, whereas for the moss peat samples they were ranging from − 5 to 5. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the herbaceous and wooden peat soils was close to that of very fine-textured mineral soils.
Tomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Brandyk; Cedric Kechavarzi. Hydraulic properties of fen peat soils in Poland. Geoderma 2010, 154, 188 -195.
AMA StyleTomasz Gnatowski, Jan Szatyłowicz, Tomasz Brandyk, Cedric Kechavarzi. Hydraulic properties of fen peat soils in Poland. Geoderma. 2010; 154 (3-4):188-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomasz Gnatowski; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Brandyk; Cedric Kechavarzi. 2010. "Hydraulic properties of fen peat soils in Poland." Geoderma 154, no. 3-4: 188-195.
C. Kechavarzi; Q. Dawson; P. B. Leeds-Harrison; J. Szatyłowicz; T. Gnatowski. Water-table management in lowland UK peat soils and its potential impact on CO2emission. Soil Use and Management 2007, 23, 359 -367.
AMA StyleC. Kechavarzi, Q. Dawson, P. B. Leeds-Harrison, J. Szatyłowicz, T. Gnatowski. Water-table management in lowland UK peat soils and its potential impact on CO2emission. Soil Use and Management. 2007; 23 (4):359-367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Kechavarzi; Q. Dawson; P. B. Leeds-Harrison; J. Szatyłowicz; T. Gnatowski. 2007. "Water-table management in lowland UK peat soils and its potential impact on CO2emission." Soil Use and Management 23, no. 4: 359-367.
The shrinkage of the peat soils that accompanies the soil moisture changes is an important feature of such soils and has strong influence on their physical attributes and soil water management. The relationships between soil moisture and volume are often described using shrinkage characteristic curves by relating void ratio (volume of voids per unit volume of solids) to moisture ratio (volume of water per volume of solids). For conversion of soil volume changes into cracks volume and subsidence, a dimensionless shrinkage geometry factor is used. The paper presents results of volumetric shrinkage behavior and the geometry factor at various loads in sedge and alder peat soils. The measurements were conducted on undisturbed soil samples without applying a load and with loads corresponding to field overburden. The shape of the shrinkage characteristics of such soils were completely different from those of clay soils. The application of loads did not significantly influence the shrinkage characteristics curve. The applied load strongly influenced on relationship between shrinkage geometry factor and the moisture ratio, showing higher values of subsidence and lower values of crack volume in comparison with unloaded conditions. Einfluss der Auflast auf das Schrumpfungsverhalten von Torfen Die mit Bodenfeuchteänderungen einhergehende Schrumpfung von Torfen ist ein wichtiges Merkmal dieser Böden und hat einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften und Maßnahmen zur Bodenwasserregulierung. Die Beziehungen zwischen Bodenfeuchte und ‐volumen werden oft durch die Schrumpfungscharakteristik beschrieben, indem Porenzahl (Volumen der Poren je Einheit des Festsubstanzvolumens) und Feuchtezahl (Volumen des Wassers je Volumen des Festsubstanzvolumens) zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Zur Aufteilung der Volumenänderungen auf die Volumenabnahme durch Setzung und Schrumpfrissvolumen wird ein dimensionsloser Geometrie‐Faktor benutzt. Untersuchungsergebnisse über das Schrumpfungsverhalten und den Geometrie‐Faktor bei verschiedenen Auflasten in Seggen‐ und Erlen‐Torfen werden mitgeteilt. Die Messungen wurden im Labor an ungestörten Bodenproben sowohl ohne Auflast als auch mit einer Auflast entsprechend ihrer Belastung im Felde durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schrumpfcharakteristik der Torfe sich sehr von der von Tonböden unterscheidet. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass die verwendete Auflast keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Schrumpfcharakteristik hatte. Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Geometrie‐Faktor der Schrumpfung und der Wasserzahl zeigten bei Auflast geringeres Schrumpfrissvolumen und höhere Setzung im Vergleich zu den Werten ohne Auflast.
Ryszard Oleszczuk; Klaus Bohne; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Brandyk; Tomasz Gnatowski. Influence of load on shrinkage behavior of peat soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2003, 166, 220 -224.
AMA StyleRyszard Oleszczuk, Klaus Bohne, Jan Szatyłowicz, Tomasz Brandyk, Tomasz Gnatowski. Influence of load on shrinkage behavior of peat soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 2003; 166 (2):220-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Oleszczuk; Klaus Bohne; Jan Szatyłowicz; Tomasz Brandyk; Tomasz Gnatowski. 2003. "Influence of load on shrinkage behavior of peat soils." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 166, no. 2: 220-224.
Jan Szatylowicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Tomasz Brandyk; Ryszard Oleszczuk. Water-Related Physical Attributes of Organic Soils. Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture 2002, 1 .
AMA StyleJan Szatylowicz, Tomasz Gnatowski, Tomasz Brandyk, Ryszard Oleszczuk. Water-Related Physical Attributes of Organic Soils. Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture. 2002; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Szatylowicz; Tomasz Gnatowski; Tomasz Brandyk; Ryszard Oleszczuk. 2002. "Water-Related Physical Attributes of Organic Soils." Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture , no. : 1.