Introduction. Integrated health care is a concept widely used in the planning and organisation of nursing care. It is a highly topical concept, but at the same time it is deeply rooted in the theory and models of Nursing right from its inception as a science. There is no clear, agreed definition that describes it. Objective. To systematise the knowledge available on the concept of "comprehensive care" in Nursing from the point of view of nursing care, its domains and characteristics. Methods. A literature search has been carried out in several languages (Spanish, Portuguese, English and Romanian) in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Dialnet, covering the period between 2013 and 2019. The search terms used were: comprehensive health care, health and nursing. Prospero register 170327. Results. Sixteen documents were identified, which grouped 8 countries, mainly Brazil, being thecountry with the highest output on this context– 10 documents were found within the qualitative paradigm and 6 quantitative ones. The concept "Comprehensive" ; is commonly used to refer to comprehensive nursing care techniques, protocols, programmes and plans, covering care in all aspects of the individual as a complement to or independent of the clinical needs arising from health care. Conclusion. The definition of features pertaining to the concept "Comprehensive Care" ; encourages the use and standardisation of nursing care plans, improving patient follow-up, the detection of new risk factors, complications and new health problems not related to the reason for admission. This increases the capacity for prevention and improves the patient’s quality of life, and their primary and/or family caregivers, which translates into lower costs in the health system.

Introduction: COVID-19 provoked a myriad of challenges for people’s health, poor life satisfaction and an unhealthy diet that could be associated with serious negative health outcomes and behaviours. University is a stressful environment that is associated with unhealthy changes in the eating behaviours of students. The association between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, depending on the motivation to eat; emotional eaters regulate their emotions through the increased consumption of comfort foods. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, anxiety and sleep quality of female health science college students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 191 female undergraduate students in Madrid was used. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. The questionnaires used included the Mediterranean Diet Adherence test, AUDIT, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale and STAI questionnaires. Results: We observed a high intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Overall, 9.5% never had breakfast, and 66.5% consciously reduced their food intake. According to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they mainly slept 6–7 h, and 82% presented with a poor sleep quality; 13.5% presented moderate–high food addiction, and 35% had moderate Mediterranean Diet Adherence score. Conclusion: Female students’ macronutrient imbalances were noted, with a high-level protein and fat intake diet and a low proportion of carbohydrates and fibre. A high proportion of them need alcohol education and, depending on the social context, they mainly drank beer and spirits.

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is a key biological mechanism influencing surgical recovery, contributing to impaired healing, infectious complications, cardiovascular events, and mortality. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses exclusively focused on the relationship between validated oxidative stress biomarkers and postoperative outcomes. Narrative and non-systematic reviews were excluded. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted on 15 March 2024 and updated on 12 December 2024 to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses including adult surgical patients, validated oxidative stress biomarkers, and clinical outcomes. Methodological quality was evaluated with AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS. The SANRA checklist was used only to verify that narrative or bibliometric reviews did not meet the inclusion criteria. These non-systematic reviews were excluded from the synthesis and cited solely as contextual references. Findings: From 527 records, ten systematic reviews of moderate to high methodological quality were included, encompassing approximately 230 primary studies. The most frequently reported biomarkers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Lower TAC, GSH, and SOD levels were consistently associated with poor recovery and multiorgan dysfunction, whereas elevated MDA and 8-OHdG levels correlated with infectious complications, delayed healing, cardiovascular events, persistent pain, and mortality. Antioxidant-based interventions such as vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, and propofol showed heterogeneous but promising effects, particularly in high-risk surgical populations. The main limitations were the heterogeneity of biomarkers, variability in perioperative protocols, and partial overlap of primary evidence across reviews. Interpretation: The findings were organized into three main clinical domains: (1) infectious complications and impaired healing; (2) cardiovascular and systemic complications; and (3) predictive and prognostic value of OS biomarkers for perioperative risk assessment. This thematic synthesis integrates evidence across different surgical specialties, highlighting consistent mechanistic patterns and key research gaps to inform future investigations and clinical decision-making.

Spiritual and emotional care is an important part of the person, especially in situations such as changes in health or a community coping with a pandemic. However, nurses report scarce university training in this area of care. The aim of the study is to define a catalogue of learning outcomes for spiritual and emotional care for undergraduate nurses. The design used a mixed method for the development and validation of learning outcomes. The first phase designs the catalogue of learning outcomes through a coordinating group and uses a bibliographic search and nursing legislation. The second phase validates the proposal through a group of experts, with a questionnaire using the modified Delphi technique in two rounds. The initial proposal was 75 learning outcomes, of which 17 were eliminated, 36 changed their wording and the experts proposed 7 new ones. The experts validated 65 learning outcomes: 14 for Assessment and diagnosis; 5 for Planning; 17 for Intervention; 4 for Evaluation and quality; 8 for Communication and interpersonal relationship and 17 for Knowledge and intrapersonal development. In conclusion, the academic curriculum can include these learning outcomes to help undergraduate nurses in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and attitudes in spiritual and emotional care.

Background: Nursing regulation is a key component of health system governance; however, its role in structuring the development and deployment of professional competencies remains insufficiently examined, particularly in emerging health systems. Objective: To map and synthesize the evidence on nursing regulation and its relationship with professional competencies across the nursing profession, including the development of advanced nursing roles, and to analyze the Mexican regulatory framework within an international context. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using a structured and transparent approach. Searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed identified 194 records. After duplicate removal and screening, 17 studies met inclusion criteria based on relevance to regulation, scope of practice, and competency development. In parallel, 13 regulatory instruments in Mexico were identified through targeted searches of official sources; 9 key documents were selected based on specificity and relevance. Data were analyzed using a policy-oriented framework. Results: Regulatory frameworks consistently define scope of practice and enable the translation of competency-based education into recognized clinical roles. Regulatory coherence was associated with expanded professional autonomy, advanced role development, and improved workforce integration. Fragmented regulatory environments were linked to misalignment between education and practice and underutilization of competencies. In Mexico, a broad but fragmented regulatory architecture was identified, lacking a unified regulatory axis and an autonomous professional body. Conclusions: Nursing regulation functions as a structural determinant of professional competency deployment. Strengthening regulatory coherence is essential to align education, practice, and health system needs, with implications for workforce performance, patient safety, and system sustainability.

Aim: To identify the primary nursing diagnoses and interventions related to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy, organised according to Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns through a scoping review.Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the JBI 2020 Guidelines and the PRISMA ScR extension. Articles published between 2014 and 2021 were included from the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. The search strategy utilised DeCS and MeSH descriptors with Boolean operators AND/OR. Articles in English and Spanish authored by nurses and featuring retrospective, prospective or cross‐sectional designs were selected. After extracting the main diagnoses and interventions, a nominal group of nephrology experts discussed the findings, followed by a Delphi technique to achieve consensus.Results: A total of nine studies were included, eight from Brazil and one from Turkey, which reflects a possible geographic concentration bias. Fifty‐five nursing diagnoses and seventy‐six core interventions were identified and categorised into Marjory Gordon's 11 functional patterns, facilitating the structuring of nursing action fields in nephrology.Conclusions: This review established a set of standardised nursing interventions specific to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy. Implications for health policies: The classification supports the organisation of nephrology units, reduces professional overload and enhances care quality and patient safety. The standardised taxonomy (NANDA, NIC, NOC) facilitates interdisciplinary communication and promotes advanced nursing practice.No Patient or Public Contribution: The study is a review of already published scientific articles and a review of experts and researchers who contributed to the document. For this reason, an express declaration of the patient, user or caregivers is not required since there was no participation in the study.