(1) Background: Chronic pain in children remains an under-researched area, especially compared to acute pain. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of pediatric chronic pain and their impact on the well-being of both children and their families. Given the growing interest in integrative treatments to reduce reliance on pharmacological solutions, this review addresses the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. (2) Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published between 2019 and 2024 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligible studies included children aged 2 to 18 years with chronic pain who received non-pharmacological interventions. Data were extracted on intervention types, participant characteristics, and outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. (3) Results: A total of 11 studies involving 1739 children were included, assessing interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, personalized psychosocial follow-up programs, hypnotherapy, music therapy, and digital tools. The results demonstrated significant reductions in pain severity, improvements in emotional and physical well-being, and high patient satisfaction. However, the generalizability of findings was limited by the small sample sizes and variability in study designs. (4) Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions appear effective in managing pediatric chronic pain, offering improvements in pain reduction and quality of life. Further research is needed to optimize these approaches and confirm their long-term benefits across diverse populations. These interventions represent promising alternatives or complements to pharmacological treatments in pediatric pain management.

Introduction: COVID-19 provoked a myriad of challenges for people’s health, poor life satisfaction and an unhealthy diet that could be associated with serious negative health outcomes and behaviours. University is a stressful environment that is associated with unhealthy changes in the eating behaviours of students. The association between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, depending on the motivation to eat; emotional eaters regulate their emotions through the increased consumption of comfort foods. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, anxiety and sleep quality of female health science college students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 191 female undergraduate students in Madrid was used. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. The questionnaires used included the Mediterranean Diet Adherence test, AUDIT, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale and STAI questionnaires. Results: We observed a high intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Overall, 9.5% never had breakfast, and 66.5% consciously reduced their food intake. According to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they mainly slept 6–7 h, and 82% presented with a poor sleep quality; 13.5% presented moderate–high food addiction, and 35% had moderate Mediterranean Diet Adherence score. Conclusion: Female students’ macronutrient imbalances were noted, with a high-level protein and fat intake diet and a low proportion of carbohydrates and fibre. A high proportion of them need alcohol education and, depending on the social context, they mainly drank beer and spirits.

Introducción: Evaluar las competencias es una cuestión de importancia que ocupa un lugar primordial en el contexto de la educación superior. Para ello, es necesario disponer de instrumentos que reúnan criterios de validez y fiabilidad, y que puedan ser utilizados en escenarios de desempeño, capacidad y actuación profesional. Por esta razón, nos planteamos el siguiente objetivo: determinar la concordancia intra e interobservador de una escala para la evaluación de competencias enfermeras (ECOEnf) en España. Material y método Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal para evaluar la fiabilidad mediante el análisis de concordancia intra e interobservadores de la escala «ECOEnf». Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica Tau-b de Kendall para establecer la correlación, aplicada a la misma población, en el mismo tiempo, por 2 observadores diferentes. Resultado: La concordancia intraobservador se obtuvo una excelente consistencia interna (r = 0,98). Respecto a la concordancia entre observadores se mostraron escasos ítems con una correlación menor de 0,5; sin embargo, todos los ítems cumplen con una buena fiabilidad, estadísticamente significativa, p valor < 0,05. Conclusión: En general, al realizar la correlación entre los resultados de la herramienta medido 2 veces por diferentes observadores en el mismo momento se encontró estadísticamente una buena concordancia, por lo cual se considera un instrumento fiable para ser utilizado en la evaluación de las competencias enfermeras en España. Introduction: Competences assessment is an important issue, playing a key role in higher education. It is necessary to have an evaluation instrument that meet validity and reliability criteria and can be used in different clinical scenarios for professional performance measurement. For this reason, we set ourselves the following objective: Establishing the intra- and inter-observer concordance of a scale for the evaluation of nursing competencies (ECOEnf) in Spain. Material and method An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of the “ECOEnf” scale using intra- and inter-observer analysis. Kendall's Tau-b non-parametric test was used for establishing correlation, applied to the same population, at the same time, by 2 different observers. Results: Intra-observer concordance was obtained an excellent degree of internal consistency (r=0.98), Regarding inter-observer concordance, few items had a correlation lower than 0.5. However, all items display a sound statistically significant reliability with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: In general, when establishing the correlation between the results of the instrument measured twice by different observers at the same time, was found a statistically good concordance. For this reason, it is regarded as a reliable instrument to be used in the evaluation of nursing competencies.

Introduction: The prevalence of pediatric pain has increased and is a leading cause of hospital attendance. Non-pharmacological treatments for pain relief in pediatrics are experiencing a boom. Methodology: Systematic review, following the quality guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 declaration. Previously determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed for the selection of studies. Results: The use of the vibrating and cold bee combined with a distractor is the most useful method, with virtual reality being the ideal distractor for the palliation of pediatric pain. The role of the nurse is essential to detect pain, choose the analgesia method and administer it. Discussion: The non-pharmacological techniques proposed and studied according to the selection of articles are useful in the reduction of pediatric pain according to the scales used in each study. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025640378 , identifier CRD42025640378.

Background/Objectives: The pain associated with invasive procedures is one of the most common experiences in the pediatric population. Its management remains insufficient due to gaps in healthcare training and knowledge. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes, beliefs, care practices, and training of healthcare professionals in relation to pediatric pain, through the development and application of the questionnaire ‘Humanisation of Pediatric Care in Pain Management with a Non-Pharmacological Approach (HUPEDCARE-Q)’. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted to validate a questionnaire. The process was carried out in three phases: (1) design and initial development of the instrument; (2) evaluation of content validity through expert judgment, using the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC); (3) administration of the questionnaire to a large sample of healthcare professionals to assess its internal consistency and psychometric structure. Results: The evaluation involved five experts, and the items were assessed using the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC), with the overall CVC of the questionnaire exceeding 0.80. The average item scores given by the experts ranged from 0.88 to 0.95, indicating a high level of agreement in their evaluations. The results showed statistically significant positive correlations among most items (p < 0.001), indicating adequate internal consistency. Conclusions: The content validation and pilot study confirmed the theoretical relevance and appropriateness of the HUPEDCARE-Q questionnaire items in the Spanish context. The results support its usefulness as a valid and reliable tool to identify attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and training needs in the humanized management of pediatric pain.

Pediatric pain remains a highly prevalent and under-addressed health problem worldwide, largely due to educational gaps, limited humanization of care, and insufficient integration of digital and pedagogical innovations in higher education, and the purpose of this study is to describe and implement an international, higher education–driven model to improve training in humanized pediatric pain management. This multicenter mixed-methods study involves 15 universities from Europe, Africa, and Latin America and includes the development and cross-cultural validation of the HUPEDCARE-Q questionnaire to identify knowledge gaps, the design of an open-access, multilingual digital learning platform (PEDCARE) that integrates learning management and social networking functions, and the implementation of capacity-building workshops based on a training-the-trainers model for students, educators, health professionals, and families. The expected outcomes of the project include the establishment of a standardized instrument for assessing educational needs, the creation of a scalable digital educational environment, and the feasibility of international academic collaboration to strengthen competencies in pediatric pain care. The study suggests that higher education, combined with digital transformation and culturally sensitive approaches, may support the humanization of pediatric pain management and address educational and health inequities, although further research is needed to confirm these potential impacts.