Phenol is used in the manufacturing process of phenolic resins from which residues remain that must be sent for confinement. For that reason, in this study, the wastewater of a resin factory was analyzed to isolate the bacteria present, identify them by molecular methods and finally evaluate their impact on bioremediation treatment. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated, of these, eight belong to the genus Bacillus spp. All bacteria were individually multiplied and inoculated in clusters in 15 L reactors which were carefully monitored for pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand and temperature. The acquired data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measurements. The first test revealed that native bacterial communities reduce the phenol content by up to 20% and COD by 49%, which is significant with respect to the reactor not being inoculated with bacteria. Furthermore, when a mathematical model was applied to the reactors, it was shown that the bacteria require an adaptation time of approximately 100 h. A second test where the inoculation was interspersed with the addition of lime as a flocculant showed that, even though the reduction in phenol and COD was lower than in the previous test, the difference between treatments and control is statistically significant (α ≤ 0.05).

In Mexico, it is estimated that millions of people are affected by the presence of fluoride in groundwater. In wells in the Guadiana Valley in Durango, Mexico, the presence of fluoride has been identified, exceeding the maximum allowable limit established by Mexican regulations (1.5 mg/L). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the adult population due to fluoride contamination of water, using a Monte Carlo simulation. To this end, the wells were monitored, fluoride concentrations were analyzed according to Mexican regulations and possible concentrations in the vicinity of the sampling zones were determined by applying the ordinary Kriging geospatial tool. Crystal Ball software was used for the simulation, also using data collected through surveys. In terms of dental fluorosis, around 30% of the population mentioned through surveys as having some characteristic of this disease. Of the 70 wells and 2 tanks that were sampled, 90% of them were found to exceed the levels allowed by the regulations. In more than 70% of the wells, the adult population had a non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ) greater than 1. Overall, the HQ for ingestion exceeded 1.8 at the 95th percentile, indicating a significant risk of fluoride-related health problems for the population.

Air pollution in urban centers comes from anthropogenic activities. Tropospheric ozone (O₃) depends on chemical precursors that promote an increase in its production, mainly in wind-dominated and large green areas. It is a gas produced by a series of complex chemical reactions catalyzed by sunlight in the atmosphere. It can be concentrated to a greater or lesser extent depending on factors such as the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), the intensity of solar radiation, or by climatic conditions such as temperature and other factors. The objective of this study was to predict tropospheric ozone levels from Land Surface Temperature (LST) data of Landsat 8 in the city of Durango, Dgo. Tropospheric O₃ and LST values were obtained from 14 sampling points in the urban area of the city of Durango, of which 11 were obtained by collecting from temperature-monitoring station data and the rest from three fixed monitoring stations established in the city, specifically located in Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (SRNyMA), Durango Institute of Technology (ITD) and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Regional Integral Development Durango Unit (CIIDIR). A correlation analysis was performed for the 12 months of the year 2023. Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was executed for each month. The results showed a greater positive correlation between O₃ concentration and temperature for January (r = 0.91); additionally, this period showed a greater goodness of fit in the prediction of O₃ (R² = 0.91; RMSE = 0.65 ppm). The LST allows for the spatial prediction of ozone concentrations in terms of covering complete urban areas without measuring air stations.

Forest certification is a private, voluntary and market-driven instrument designed to promote responsible forest management. This paper focused on the FSC and the NOM NMX-AA-143-SCFI-2008 schemes used in Mexico for the certification of sustainable forest management. In this paper we used the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to study the factors that determine the main impacts of forest certification in México. A panel of 30 experts was selected as decision-makers to find which principles, criteria and indicators are considered as the most relevant while implementing forest certification. For decision-makers, the environmental principle occupied the first place with 40.26% of importance in the implementation of forest certification, followed by the social principle, and the economic principle with 32.15% and 27.59% of importance, respectively. Regarding the criteria, forest management and production, biodiversity, and forest protection were considered to be the most relevant. Regarding the indicators, the results indicated that forest certification in Mexico can have a positive impact on the existence of educational institutions, community services such as water, energy, medical services and drainage, the quality of the forest management plans, investment in forest management, machinery and equipment, environmental services, recreation, tourism, research, development and community education, planning for the conservation of biological diversity, and planning for biodiversity conservation.

Air pollution in urban centers depends directly on anthropogenic activities. The objective of the present study was to predict tropospheric ozone levels from temperature data in the city of Durango, Dgo. Temperature and tropospheric ozone values were obtained from 18 sampling points in the urban area of the city of Durango, of which 15 were obtained by collecting from the Ventusky service and the rest from three fixed monitoring stations established in the city. These values were interpolated in order to determine the spatial values for the entire city. A correlation analysis was performed for three different periods in the day established as follows (24:00-03:00-06:00, 09:00-12:00-15:00 and 15:00-18:00-21:00). Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was performed by time period. The results showed a higher positive correlation between ozone concentration and temperature from 15:00 hrs to 21:00 hrs; likewise, this period showed a higher goodness of fit in the ozone prediction (R2=0.99; RMSE: 1.12 ppbv). Temperature allows spatial prediction of ozone concentrations in urban areas with acceptable accuracy.