In contemporary times, women have gained recognition as accomplished entrepreneurs who make substantial contributions to economic development by virtue of their perseverance, excellence, and expertise. The concept of women's entrepreneurship encompasses the undertaking of creating novel enterprises, with the individual's intention to assume the role of an entrepreneur serving as a pivotal factor in this developmental trajectory. The underperformance of female entrepreneurs is alarming for developing nations. Purposefully, exploring the factors correlating female entrepreneurship intention is highly regarded, and a timely research is needed, thus this study explores the context of Pakistan considered a developing country. Hence, we collected data from listed small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the country by means of structured questionnaires. Using SPSS and Smart-PLS software, we developed a conceptual model and performed analysis. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constitutes a robust psychological framework applicable to understanding and anticipating various human behaviors, first and foremost, entrepreneurial intention. When applying the TPB to the area of women's entrepreneurial intentions, several crucial factors come into play, including motivation, self-confidence, personality traits, and adaptability. The results indicate that factors such as the will to start a business, willingness, personality traits, adaptability, and background factors, including education and experience, impact entrepreneurial intention. Also, their professional careers make them able to launch a business. Based on our findings, we recommend that the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA), policymakers, and practitioners may provide various incentives and support systems related to these factors to encourage their own company launches. Prior research has examined various factors that impact the entrepreneurial mindsets of women. However, our study focuses specifically on closely associated aspects that have received limited attention, particularly in the context of Pakistan. This study makes a valuable contribution to the extant body of literature by providing empirical evidence in the aforementioned domains.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Gilgit-Baltistan are faced with several critical sustainability-oriented problems within the entrepreneurial ecology. This includes resistance to change, myopic thinking of looking for short-term gains and facing problems accessing advanced technology in a new environment. Thus, this study examines the multifaceted relationships (considering entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial culture, government support, and social support), sustainable digital innovation, and business sustainability performance, with a particular emphasis on SMEs in rural areas. A total of 13 hypotheses are proposed in this study to examine the above phenomena. Data were collected from 431 participants in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, through a questionnaire survey, and the data was analyzed using partial least square structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to reveal empirical outcomes. The findings acknowledge that the entrepreneurship ecosystem (entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial culture, government support, and social support) and sustainable digital innovation play a significant role in influencing the performance of sustainable businesses. Furthermore, sustainable digital innovation plays a positive mediating role between the entrepreneurial ecosystem and business sustainability. The research revealed that business sustainability increases with the positive role of different dimensions of the entrepreneurship ecosystem. The findings of this study are discussed within the “ecological modernization theory (EMT)“ and add to the understanding of different sets of relationships that provide a theoretical framework. The study provides ways for different stakeholders in SMEs to handle the entrepreneurship ecosystem, sustainable digital innovation, and sustainable business performance.

In recent years, females have been significantly contributing to economic growth by their tenacity, skill, and proficiency. For emerging countries, the poor performance of female entrepreneurs is concerning due to restricted resource access and the absence of social norms. This study aims to explore the mediating role of sustainable digital innovation (SDI) in the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude (EA), perceived behavior (PB), subjective norms (SN), and business sustainable performance (BSP). Information was gathered from the female entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis method served to evaluate model significance. The researcher established strong positive statistical connections among all parameters analyzed: PB, SN, EA, and SBP. In a similar vein, the association between PB, SN, EA, and SBP was positively mediated by SDI. This study helps in designing effective support systems, policies, and strategies that empower female entrepreneurs. Second, this study has significant practical implications for female workers seeking to improve long-term business performance through individual behavior controls, which are aided by sustainable digital innovation.

The provision of supportive leadership and equitable compensation is widely regarded as essential for optimizing employee productivity. This research examines the motivational factors that lead to maintaining workers performance in a stressful working environment by achieving employee satisfaction levels. This research uses the path-goal theory that describes a positive supervisor’s qualities as crucial to deal with workers. Data were collected through 400 questionnaires distributed to middle-level managers and their subordinates in private companies in Pakistan. The PLS-SEM technique was employed to execute comprehensive results that show a stressful environment that directly hits employee performance; the results are sufficient and have proven the relationships between variables. The current body of literature provides limited insight into these connections, resulting in a void that this investigation has filled. The findings of the study can be utilized to enhance working conditions for improved employee performance, thereby resulting in increased productivity within an organization.

This study investigates the role of corporate governance structures as mediators between external supervision, credit appraisal measurement, capital adequacy, and the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. This research sheds light on the significance of effective corporate governance practices within Nepali commercial banks and how certain governance mechanisms may impact bank performance. A quantitative research design was employed, using data from commercial banks in Nepal for this study. Surveys were utilized to collect quantitative data. Structural equation modeling was used as a primary tool to assess the data. The findings add to existing literature about corporate governance and its effects on bank performance in emerging economies such as Nepal. The study’s findings offer valuable insights into the significance of corporate governance structures, external supervision, credit appraisal measurement systems, and capital adequacy for commercial banks’ performance in Nepal. The research methodology adds value to the existing literature using quantitative data collection methods. Its results may have practical ramifications for banks, regulators, and policymakers, suggesting effective governance practices as essential measures for increasing stability and performance at commercial banks.

Tourism spread across all over the globe because of easy global access. Along with it, tourism also expanding. Then, a tourism-based economy focuses on long-term and sustainable tourism growth. As trustworthiness evolved, it optimizes tourist satisfaction, which helps to increase tourist flow. CTBI also plays a vital role to improve tourist satisfaction and grow the economy. The CTBI structures connect tourism-related services to increase trustworthiness, which enhances revenue and stimulates economic growth. The current study CTBI applied as a mediator for effective trustworthiness on tourist satisfaction in Nepal. It also highlights how important credibility is for raising tourist satisfaction. The study selected 150 samples from the tourism sector to get information through the use of surveys, which were examined using PLS-SEM. The results point to a positive correlation between trustworthiness and tourist satisfaction. The results show that CTBI greatly affects tourist satisfaction. The results also suggest that CTBI mediates the relationship between trustworthiness and tourist satisfaction. To ensure that tourists would be satisfied to make CTBI a priority, the tourism industry and government policy-making agencies should collaborate.