Mudanças nos processos produtivos vem ocorrendo ao longo dos anos. As três revoluções Industriais, ocorridas ao longo de 200 anos, foram marcos históricos dessas alterações, sendo estudadas após ocorrerem. A quarta revolução industrial vem sendo chamada de Indústria 4.0 e, pela primeira vez, é investigada antes de ocorrer, ou enquanto está acontecendo. Trata-se de uma revolução baseada na inclusão de tecnologias como os Sistemas Ciber-Físicos e a Internet das Coisas nos processos produtivos, possibilitando uma maior autonomia na tomada de decisão, e maior transparência nas relações entre humanos e máquinas. Este artigo buscou trazer uma série de conceitos relacionados com a Indústria 4.0, bem como verificar perspectivas para o mercado brasileiro. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, analisando diferentes materiais disponíveis na literatura. A partir do trabalho, verificou-se que a Indústria 4.0 reúne tecnologias já disponíveis, porém utilizadas em outros campos, e que o mercado brasileiro precisa tomar providências para sua implantação, o que pode levar a uma maior competitividade em nível internacional.

The rationality has been defined from the Greeks as one of the main characteristic that distinguishes man from the other animals. The Greeks ‘influence like Plato and Aristotle and the philosophers empiricist /rationalist,as Descartes and Thomas Hobbes, were remarkable for the formation of models of decision making in organizations proposed by Simon, Allison and Lindblon. This study aims to identify the mainly decision making models and check how the cognitive aspects can affect the behavior of the agents involved in the process. The results show that there is no way to overlook the subjective factors, the different cognitive styles in the decision, there is a system of relations between the elements of nature objective and subjective elements,whichever is the predominant influence of the values of decision makers involved, which is seen as a motivator for the decision.

Background: This study aims to analyze the relationship between lean practices and organizational performance in a public institution, specifically, a military organization. Methods: The research has a quantitative approach with a descriptive character, having as a sample the members of a military unit located in Rio Grande do Sul. A valid sample of 116 answered questionnaires was obtained. Data analysis was carried out through multivariate statistical treatment, known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using the Smart-PLS software. Results: At the end of the study, it was possible to confirm the central hypothesis of the study and conclude that lean practices (waste elimination, continuous improvement, support and leadership, member involvement, education and training, long-term thinking, quality, and systemic vision) positively impact organizational performance. Together, these elements combine to engender organizational effectiveness and success, promoting more productivity, quality, profitability, and customer satisfaction, thus improving the organization’s performance. Conclusions: It is evident that the members of the military unit are committed to optimizing organizational performance, showing constant improvement in productivity, rarely committing errors, cost reduction in activities and works, high effectiveness in meeting goals, prioritizing cost reduction in the execution of activities, as well as achieving goals and objectives related to the services provided.

The article presents the development, validation and experimentation of simulation model using systems dynamics methodology, which allows users and managers to evaluate and analyse scenarios about the generation and disposal of urban solid waste. The developed model takes into account the following rates and information: rate of population natural increase (births and deaths), percentage of urban solid waste sent to each type of final disposal and the quantity of waste generated per inhabitant. The simulated scenarios take into account three distinct situations: a) current scenario with varying rates; b) current scenario with static rates; c) scenario with rates similar to the Netherlands's. The model's validation was developed through the analysis of future scenarios for a municipality in Brazil's southern region. With the generated results, the area managers may, in advance, evaluate and decide possible ways for improvements or adjustments in the management of municipal solid waste. The best simulated scenario was with rates similar to the Netherlands's. For the system modelling and development Vensim simulator was used.

O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento, validação e experimentação de um modelo de simulação utilizando a metodologia System Dynamics, a qual permite avaliar e analisar cenários acerca da geração e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Para tanto, levou-se em consideração: a taxa de crescimento vegetativo populacional (nascimentos e mortes), percentual de resíduo sólido urbano enviado para cada tipo de destino final e a quantidade de resíduos gerada por habitante. A validação do modelo foi através da análise de cenários futuros para um determinado município da região sul do Brasil. Para a modelagem e execução do sistema foi utilizado o software Vensim, da Ventana Systems. Com os resultados gerados pelo modelo de simulação, os gestores da área podem, antecipadamente, discutir, avaliar e decidir possíveis medidas necessárias para melhorias ou adaptações na gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos.