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Although they are significant contributors to environmental concerns, emerging economies provide a very different context concerning corporate environmental behavior. The study investigates the impact of environmental orientation and business environmental commitment on proactive and reactive environmental strategies by firms in an emerging economy. Based on stakeholder perspective, organizational legitimacy concept, and natural-resource-based view, we have proposed a model where business environmental commitment is presented as an explanatory mechanism for the relationship of internal and external environmental orientation and proactive and reactive environmental strategies. A convenient sampling method was used for data collection from 152 SMEs operating in three industrial cities of Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as an analysis technique. Results revealed that internal environmental orientation has a more profound impact on proactive stance than the impact of external environmental orientation on reactive environmental strategies. Similarly, the business environmental commitment was also identified as an important mediating force. Our results draw important implications for theory and practice.
Farida Saleem; Saiqa Qureshi; Muhammad Malik. Impact of Environmental Orientation on Proactive and Reactive Environmental Strategies: Mediating Role of Business Environmental Commitment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8361 .
AMA StyleFarida Saleem, Saiqa Qureshi, Muhammad Malik. Impact of Environmental Orientation on Proactive and Reactive Environmental Strategies: Mediating Role of Business Environmental Commitment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarida Saleem; Saiqa Qureshi; Muhammad Malik. 2021. "Impact of Environmental Orientation on Proactive and Reactive Environmental Strategies: Mediating Role of Business Environmental Commitment." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8361.
In this study, we evaluated corporate environmental activities within the framework of stakeholders’ concerns and taking an emerging economy as the field of study. This paper integrates the stakeholder theory and corporate environmental behavior to develop a model and then tests this model in an emerging economy context. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from managers operating in a variety of industries in Pakistan. A structural equation modeling technique has been used for data analysis. Results revealed that regulatory bodies are the most significant while media, customers, and activists are insignificant stakeholders. Top management commitment is identified as an important endogenous and exogenous variable.
Farida Saleem; Yingying Zhang-Zhang; Muhammad Imran Malik; Alawiya Allui. Revisiting Stakeholder Theory and Environmentalism: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8751 .
AMA StyleFarida Saleem, Yingying Zhang-Zhang, Muhammad Imran Malik, Alawiya Allui. Revisiting Stakeholder Theory and Environmentalism: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarida Saleem; Yingying Zhang-Zhang; Muhammad Imran Malik; Alawiya Allui. 2020. "Revisiting Stakeholder Theory and Environmentalism: Evidence from an Emerging Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8751.
Maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) has remained an ever-concerning area for hospital management and researchers throughout the world. Nevertheless, in the literature, less attention is paid to developing countries. The current study identifies the problems faced by maternal newborn and child health projects at each phase. We obtained data on MNCH projects via interviews from district project managers and extracted various themes for each phase of the MNCH project. The results indicated the most significant problems faced by the MNCH project emanate from the inefficient bureaucratic structure, lack of realistic planning, weak working environment, political interference, and inefficient knowledge acquisition. The current study found that project managers experience various problems from the initiation stage of the project to its closure. Additionally, they find themselves to be poorly equipped to manage such problems. We proposed various strategies such as implementing a bottom-up management approach, more decentralization, establishing patient feedback systems, giving more authority to the project managers, and so forth.
Farida Saleem; Imran Murtaza; Shabir Hyder; Muhammad Imran Malik. Public Health and Project Management: Do Projects Deliver? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7244 .
AMA StyleFarida Saleem, Imran Murtaza, Shabir Hyder, Muhammad Imran Malik. Public Health and Project Management: Do Projects Deliver? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarida Saleem; Imran Murtaza; Shabir Hyder; Muhammad Imran Malik. 2020. "Public Health and Project Management: Do Projects Deliver?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7244.
Leadership styles have direct impact on employee commitment and may influence organizational sustainability. Previously the positive aspects of leadership are highlighted, and negative aspects still need to bring to light. This study aims to examine the relationship of abusive leadership and organizational commitment of bank employees where in employee’s emotional intelligence acts as a mediator. A sample of 255 bank employees was selected and their responses were gathered through closed-ended questionnaires. PLS—SEM was used for analysis by using SmartPLS Ver. 3.0. The results show that the abusive behaviors disrupt organizational commitment of bank employees. Despite the fact that emotional intelligence mediates the relationship but could not turn organizational commitment to positive due to strong negative intensity of abusive leadership. This study therefore recommends that employee commitment is likely to be achieved when the negative effects of abusive leadership can be weakened through using emotional intelligence by the bank employees. The paper selected a sample from banking sector from a developing country and tested a model empirically. The findings are novel to highlight the presence of abusive/toxic leadership in the banks.
Usama Bin Jabbar; Farida Saleem; Muhammad Imran Malik; Saiqa Saddiqa Qureshi; Ramayah Thursamy. Abusive leadership and employee commitment nexus: Conservation of resources theory perspective. Cogent Business & Management 2020, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleUsama Bin Jabbar, Farida Saleem, Muhammad Imran Malik, Saiqa Saddiqa Qureshi, Ramayah Thursamy. Abusive leadership and employee commitment nexus: Conservation of resources theory perspective. Cogent Business & Management. 2020; 7 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsama Bin Jabbar; Farida Saleem; Muhammad Imran Malik; Saiqa Saddiqa Qureshi; Ramayah Thursamy. 2020. "Abusive leadership and employee commitment nexus: Conservation of resources theory perspective." Cogent Business & Management 7, no. 1: 1.
Purpose Co-creation fosters customer’s involvement for innovation in products/services and is used as a tool to develop competitive edge for better entrepreneurship. Based on limited evidence, the study aims to examine the factors contributing to the co-creation and the relationship of co-creation with customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 384 customers from selected banks in Pakistan was selected. The study adopted quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional research design. Structural equation modeling is used for analysis. Findings The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between co-creation with customer satisfaction. Further results revealed that access to information, risk assessment and transparency have a positive relationship with co-creation for innovation. The study is significant for customers and management of banks to understand the implications of co-creation to increase customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications Few banks with a small number of customers were selected for the study. Practical implications Managers must consider customer’s access to information, risk assessment and transparency of information as necessary factors for co-creation that foster innovation and entrepreneurial opportunities because co-creation strengthens customer satisfaction. Social implications Adopting the co-creation process brings long-lasting harmony between customers and banks, and customers may consider the banks as being socially responsible by inviting the opinions of their customers. Originality/value Model is re-tested in the context of Pakistani banks with selected variables affecting co-creation for innovation. Moreover, the relationship of co-creation with customer satisfaction is examined.
Muhammad Imran Malik; Rizwan Ahsan. Towards innovation, co-creation and customers’ satisfaction: a banking sector perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2019, 13, 311 -325.
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran Malik, Rizwan Ahsan. Towards innovation, co-creation and customers’ satisfaction: a banking sector perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2019; 13 (3):311-325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran Malik; Rizwan Ahsan. 2019. "Towards innovation, co-creation and customers’ satisfaction: a banking sector perspective." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 13, no. 3: 311-325.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting quality of work life (QWL) of teachers working in Higher Education Institutions. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted by sampling 347 teaching faculty members through questionnaires. Findings Fair communication plays the strongest role and social networks have the weakest role in shaping the QWL in higher educational institutions (HEIs) of Pakistan. The relationship of social networks and QWL negates the Hofstede’s view of Pakistan society to a great extent. Research limitations/implications A cross-sectional data set is used for tapping a small sample size. The direct effects of four factors were considered for examination. The examination of indirect effects for the factors having weak effects is recommended. Practical implications Decision makers having intentions to improve QWL in HEIs must adopt procedural justice and effective communication channels; they should have high respect for employees and should help them to develop networks within the HEIs. Social implications Inter-relationships at workplace are hampering due to weak social networks. Originality/value The study is an important landmark in highlighting the factors that must be available for higher QWL of faculty members of public sector HEIs.
Muhammad Imran Malik; Hassan Mehmood; Waheed Ali Umrani. Modeling teachers’ quality of work life: a partial least square approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2019, 69, 1861 -1879.
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran Malik, Hassan Mehmood, Waheed Ali Umrani. Modeling teachers’ quality of work life: a partial least square approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2019; 69 (9):1861-1879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran Malik; Hassan Mehmood; Waheed Ali Umrani. 2019. "Modeling teachers’ quality of work life: a partial least square approach." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 9: 1861-1879.
Purpose This paper aims to examine the mediating role of environmental concern in the relationship of green purchase awareness and purchasing behavior of fast food consumers keeping in view the theory of planned behavior. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative, cross-sectional design is used by collecting primary responses through a validated questionnaire. In all, 1,008 male and female buyers of fast food were sampled. Structural equation modeling is applied. Findings The results revealed that green purchase awareness has a positive relationship with green purchase behavior, and environmental concern has no mediation in the relationship. Upon having awareness, the respondents adopted green or pro-environmental behavior, but at the same time, they were found having least concern for the protection of environment. Research limitations/implications This is a cross-sectional study with questionnaire. Multiple sources of data collection results in weakening self-reporting bias. Practical implications Implications count toward individuals, enterprises and society at general. Originality/value The study highlights the issue of not having concern for the protection of the environment even after having green purchase awareness. This is the first time the environmental concern is examined as a mediator in the selected relationship. The contradictory results of having no environmental concern differentiate this study from others.
Muhammad Imran Malik; Faisal Nawaz Mir; Saddam Hussain; Shabir Hyder; Asim Anwar; Zia Ullah Khan; Noman Nawab; Syed Farjad Ali Shah; Muhammad Waseem. Contradictory results on environmental concern while re-visiting green purchase awareness and behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2019, 13, 17 -28.
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran Malik, Faisal Nawaz Mir, Saddam Hussain, Shabir Hyder, Asim Anwar, Zia Ullah Khan, Noman Nawab, Syed Farjad Ali Shah, Muhammad Waseem. Contradictory results on environmental concern while re-visiting green purchase awareness and behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2019; 13 (1):17-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran Malik; Faisal Nawaz Mir; Saddam Hussain; Shabir Hyder; Asim Anwar; Zia Ullah Khan; Noman Nawab; Syed Farjad Ali Shah; Muhammad Waseem. 2019. "Contradictory results on environmental concern while re-visiting green purchase awareness and behavior." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 13, no. 1: 17-28.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating roles of cognitive and affective trusts between the transformational leadership (TL) and employee outcomes (task performance (TP), organizational commitment (OC), and employee turnover intention (ET)). Design/methodology/approach This study samples 384 bank employees and records their self-reported responses for closed-ended items in the survey. SmartPLS 3.0 is used for the analysis. Findings The results indicate that affective trust (AT) and cognitive trust (CT) mediate between the transformation leadership and OC positively. Moreover, AT and CT both mediate negatively between TL and TP. Finally, both dimensions of trust as second-order constructs mediate positively between the TL and ET. The results related to the ET and TP are highly intriguing and in conflict with the simple and non-contextual statement of the social exchange theory. Practical implications TL, AT, and CT have greater importance for the managers to increase the positive work-related outcomes of employees. Moreover, the results related to TP and ETs are highly applicable to the managers and business. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in use of the SmartPLS 3.0 for analysis as it offers unique and precise measures of the measurement model like HTMT ratio and does not rely on the co-variance. Moreover, mediating roles of AT and CT have never been tested before in the given settings. Finally, results defy the simple statements of the theory and call for the context-based theorized empirical studies. In doing so, it calls for the post-modernist stage (case-by-case contextual treatment of theory) of HR and management literature.
Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Shujahat; Muhammad Imran Malik; Sadia Iqbal; Faisal Nawaz Mir. Contradictory results on the mediating roles of two dimensions of trust between transformational leadership and employee outcomes. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 2017, 5, 39 -63.
AMA StyleSaddam Hussain, Muhammad Shujahat, Muhammad Imran Malik, Sadia Iqbal, Faisal Nawaz Mir. Contradictory results on the mediating roles of two dimensions of trust between transformational leadership and employee outcomes. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance. 2017; 5 (1):39-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaddam Hussain; Muhammad Shujahat; Muhammad Imran Malik; Sadia Iqbal; Faisal Nawaz Mir. 2017. "Contradictory results on the mediating roles of two dimensions of trust between transformational leadership and employee outcomes." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 5, no. 1: 39-63.
Purpose The purpose of this study is primarily to discuss the synergic and separate use of knowledge and intelligence, via knowledge management and competitive intelligence, in each stage of strategic management process. Next, this paper aims to discuss the implications of each stage of strategic management process for knowledge management and competitive intelligence and vice versa. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was performed within time frame of 2000-2016. Extracted information from reviewed studies was synthesized and integrated in strategic management model of Fred David. Findings A strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence is proposed. Each stage of knowledge management process has implications for knowledge management and competitive intelligence and vice versa. In addition, synergic and separate use of knowledge and intelligence results in effective decision-making, leading to competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications Learning curve of knowledge management and competitive intelligence and being limited to the use of Fred David model are among the many key limitations. Practical implications Experts of knowledge management, competitive intelligence and strategic management can use this study to gain competitive advantage based on knowledge and information resources. Organizations should have knowledge management function and competitive intelligence to support the strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. Social implications Readers can take a view for how they can manage their knowledge and information resources from a strategic perspective. Originality/value This study proposes a strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence. The model discusses ways for synergic and separate use of knowledge and intelligence in each stage of strategic management, leading to competitive advantage. In addition, it discusses the holistic and integrated implications of knowledge management and competitive intelligence for each stage of strategic management process and vice versa.
Muhammad Shujahat; Saddam Hussain; Sammar Javed; Muhammad Imran Malik; Ramayah Thurasamy; Junaid Ali. Strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 2017, 47, 55 -93.
AMA StyleMuhammad Shujahat, Saddam Hussain, Sammar Javed, Muhammad Imran Malik, Ramayah Thurasamy, Junaid Ali. Strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. 2017; 47 (1):55-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shujahat; Saddam Hussain; Sammar Javed; Muhammad Imran Malik; Ramayah Thurasamy; Junaid Ali. 2017. "Strategic management model with lens of knowledge management and competitive intelligence." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 47, no. 1: 55-93.
Display Omitted Online word-of-mouth communication, a phenomenon that has taken hold over the last decade, is bringing major change to the lives of individuals, and specifically to consumers. Considering the rapid growth in online communication with the advent of virtual mediums, and the lack of attention this receives in developing countries, this empirical research examines the impact of online communication on consumers' buying intentions. The study investigated the outcomes of online word-of-mouth communication on consumers' preferences, the variables influencing an individual in using positive word-of-mouth, and their effect on consumers' attitudes and intentions to buy electronic products. The theoretical foundation for this study, the heuristic-systematic model and attitude formation theory, laid a strong framework for collecting data from 251 internet users, which covers six measures: speaker's trustworthiness, speaker's expertise, speaker's experience, word-of-mouth use, attitude and purchase intentions. Data analysis used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to understand the effect of exogenous variables over endogenous variables, and the effect of a mediator variable between two constructs. The results show that the impact of online word-of-mouth communication, received from a trustworthy and experienced source, on receiver's purchase intentions is mediated by attitude.
Alina Baber; Ramayah Thurasamy; Muhammad Imran Malik; Bushra Sadiq; Samina Islam; Muhammad Sajjad. Online word-of-mouth antecedents, attitude and intention-to-purchase electronic products in Pakistan. Telematics and Informatics 2016, 33, 388 -400.
AMA StyleAlina Baber, Ramayah Thurasamy, Muhammad Imran Malik, Bushra Sadiq, Samina Islam, Muhammad Sajjad. Online word-of-mouth antecedents, attitude and intention-to-purchase electronic products in Pakistan. Telematics and Informatics. 2016; 33 (2):388-400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlina Baber; Ramayah Thurasamy; Muhammad Imran Malik; Bushra Sadiq; Samina Islam; Muhammad Sajjad. 2016. "Online word-of-mouth antecedents, attitude and intention-to-purchase electronic products in Pakistan." Telematics and Informatics 33, no. 2: 388-400.