For over a decade, distributed generations (DGs) have sufficiently convinced the researchers that they are the economic and environment-friendly solution that can be integrated with the centralized generations. The optimal planning of distributed generations requires the appropriate location and sizing and their corresponding control with various power network types to obtain the best of the technical, economical, commercial, and regulatory objectives. Most of these objectives are conflicting in nature and require multi-objective solutions. Therefore, this paper brings a comprehensive literature review and a critical analysis of the state of the art of the optimal multi-objective planning of DG installation in the power network with different objective functions and their constraints. The paper considers the adoption of optimization techniques for distributed generation planning in radial distribution systems from different power system performance viewpoints; it considers the use of different DG types, distribution models, DG variables, and mathematical formulations; and it considers the participation of different countries in the stated DG placement and sizing problem. Moreover, the summary of the literature review and critical analysis of this article helps the researchers and engineers to explore the research gap and to find the future recommendations for the robust optimal planning of the DGs working with various objectives and algorithms. The paper considers the adoption of uncertainties on the load and generation side, the introduction of DGs with energy storage backups, and the testing of DG placement and sizing on large and complex distribution networks.

Electric vehicles worldwide provide numerous key advantages in the energy sector. They are advantageous over fossil fuel vehicles in many aspects: for example, they consume no fuel, are economical, and only require charging the internal batteries, which power the motor for propulsion. Thus, due to their numerous advantages, research is necessary to improve the technological aspects that can enhance electric vehicles’ overall performance and efficiency. However, electric vehicle charging stations are the key hindrance to their adoption. Charging stations will affect grid stability and may lead to altering different parameters, e.g., power losses and voltage deviation when integrated randomly into the distribution system. The distributed generation, along with charging stations with the best location and size, can be a solution that mitigates the above concerns. Metaheuristic techniques can be used to find the optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations and electric vehicle charging stations. This review provides an exhaustive review of various methods and scientific research previously undertaken to optimize the placement and dimensions of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generation. We summarize the previous work undertaken over the last five years on the multi-objective placement of distributed generations and electric vehicle charging stations. Key areas have focused on optimization techniques, technical parameters, IEEE networks, simulation tools, distributed generation types, and objective functions. Future development trends and current research have been extensively explored, along with potential future advancement and gaps in knowledge. Therefore, at the conclusion of this review, the optimization of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generation presents both the practical and theoretical importance of implementing metaheuristic algorithms in real-world scenarios. In the same way, their practical integration will provide the transportation system with a robust and sustainable solution.

Boost half bridge DC-DC converters in the combination of an input-series and output-series (ISOS) connected configuration with a stable control strategy has been investigated in this paper. A stable control strategy comprises of two loops that are current loop and voltage loop. The reference to the current loop has been chosen from the input side of the DC-DC converter. The reference to the voltage loop has been selected from the output side of the DC-DC converter. Such a reference makes the circuit configuration simple, easy and eventually results in reduced cost. The control strategy for input-series output-series (ISOS) configuration of DC-DC converters is proposed to achieve equal input voltage sharing (IVS) as well output voltage sharing (OVS). Furthermore, in this paper, the performance of the stable control strategy for input-series output-series (ISOS) boost half bridge DC-DC converter has been observed not only for the fixed but also for the varying and continuously varying load. The proposed Stable control scheme has been developed by modeling it on MATLAB using Simulink and Simpower toolboxes. The operation of the proposed stable control strategy has been found to be satisfactory.

This paper presents simulation for the control strategy of three-phase boost-half-bridge (BHB) DC-DC converter with series voltage doubler rectifiers through three-phase high frequency transformer. The control strategy is consisting of three voltage loops. All the three voltage loops are independent of the input side and controls the input and output power balance from the secondary side of the high frequency transformers only. Moreover, the control strategy has been verified for its appropriate operation by simulating the above said configuration for the same turn ratios as well as for the mismatch turn ratios of high frequency transformers. Finally, the satisfactory simulation results for the proposed control strategy are presented.

High Output Voltage Based Multiphase Step-Up DC-DC Converter topology with voltage doubler rectifiers is presented in this paper. High output voltage is obtained due to the series combination of voltage doubler rectifiers on the secondary side of high frequency transformers. This topology is useful in the application where the output voltage is greater than the input. The two loop control strategy has been developed in order to analyze the stable and effective working of the converter topology. Therefore the working mode analysis of the converter topology has been described in detail. The multiphase step-up DC-DC converter topology is first simulated on MATLAB and then a prototype has been designed in order to verify the simulation and experimental results. Finally the simulation and experimental results are found to be satisfactory.