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Yu Xiao
College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, No.19, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Agriculture
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Cotton seed production is the main form of agriculture in Xinjiang, China. Unreasonable distribution of cotton seed production results in a waste of water, land, and human resources. In this study, we established a hierarchical classification integrating method; investigated the spatial suitability of climate, land and water resources, and infrastructure; examined the production risk and planting history; and integrated spatial suitability and production risk and history to produce the spatial layout of seed production for early-maturing cotton (EMC), early–medium-maturing cotton (EMMC), and long staple cotton (LSC) in Xinjiang. The results indicated that the appropriate areas for EMC, EMMC, and LSC seed production are 6.4 × 105, 5.5 × 105, and 3.6 × 105 ha, respectively. By combining the suitable areas of seed production for the three cotton species, we concluded that the superior and most suitable area for producing cotton seed of EMC, EMMC, or LSC is located in the western Tarim Basin. The sub-suitable area for cotton seed production of EMC, EMMC, or LSC is mostly distributed in the western and northern Tarim Basin. This research provides a good solution to the selection of cotton seed production base; however, adoption will depend on the actual preference and market factors.

ACS Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Keyu Qin; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Shuang Gan; Mengdong Huang; Jia Liu; Caixia Zhang; Changshun Zhang. Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China. Agriculture 2021, 11, 759 .

AMA Style

Yingnan Niu, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Keyu Qin, Jingya Liu, Yangyang Wang, Shuang Gan, Mengdong Huang, Jia Liu, Caixia Zhang, Changshun Zhang. Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (8):759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Keyu Qin; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Shuang Gan; Mengdong Huang; Jia Liu; Caixia Zhang; Changshun Zhang. 2021. "Spatial Layout of Cotton Seed Production Based on Hierarchical Classification: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China." Agriculture 11, no. 8: 759.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Foods
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The pattern of grain self-sufficiency plays a fundamental role in maintaining food security. We analyzed the patterns and determinants of grain production and demand, as well as grain self-sufficiency, in China over a 30-year period. The results show that China’s total grain production, with an obvious northeast–southwest direction, increased by 63%, and yields of rice, wheat, corn, tubers, and beans increased by 16, 49, 224, 6, and 103%, respectively. The trends in ration and feed grain consumption changes at the provincial scale were roughly the same as at the national scale, with the ration consumption ratio decreasing and the ratio of feed grain consumption increasing. The ration consumption in Northwest China was relatively high, while the feed grain consumption rates in Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing were higher. Compared with ration and feed grain, the proportions of seed grain and grain loss were relatively small. China’s grain consumption mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Total grain, rice, corn, wheat, tubers, and beans consumption in feed grain showed a northeast–southwest trend, with consumption centers all shifting southward in the 30-year period. Corn accounted for the largest proportion in feed grain, followed by beans. Urban feed grain and urban ration hot spot areas have gradually transferred from the northwest to southeast coastal areas. The hot spots of rural feed grain consumption and rural ration consumption remained almost unchanged, located in the south of the Yangtze River and Central and Southern China, respectively. The grain self-sufficiency level developed well in the study period, while the areas with grain deficit were Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan. The areas with high supply and high demand were mainly located in Central and East China, the areas with high supply and low demand were mainly distributed in Northeast China, and the areas with low supply and low demand were mainly located in Western China. The pattern of self-sufficiency of corn in feed grain has remained basically unchanged; the areas with corn feed grain deficit were Central and Southeast China, while North China had corn feed grain surplus. Compared with corn feed, the surplus of soybean feed was relatively poor. Factor detector analysis revealed that in different periods, the same impact factor had different explanatory power in the supply and demand pattern, and the comprehensive consideration of any two factors will enhance the explanatory power of grain supply and demand pattern.

ACS Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Qi Luo; Huixia Zou; Shuang Gan; Keyu Qin; Mengdong Huang. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Determinants of Grain Self-Sufficiency in China. Foods 2021, 10, 747 .

AMA Style

Yingnan Niu, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Jingya Liu, Yangyang Wang, Qi Luo, Huixia Zou, Shuang Gan, Keyu Qin, Mengdong Huang. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Determinants of Grain Self-Sufficiency in China. Foods. 2021; 10 (4):747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingnan Niu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Jingya Liu; Yangyang Wang; Qi Luo; Huixia Zou; Shuang Gan; Keyu Qin; Mengdong Huang. 2021. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Determinants of Grain Self-Sufficiency in China." Foods 10, no. 4: 747.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Grain production security is an important guarantee of national food security and relies on a reasonable production layout. Therefore, changes in grain production patterns have been the focus of many studies over a long period of time (Huang, 1995; Lu and Lv, 1997; Wu, 2000; Gao, 2005; Yin et al., 2006; Lu and Mei, 2007; Deng et al., 2013).

ACS Style

Lu Chunxia; Liu Aimin; Xiao Yu; Liu Xiaojie; Xie Gaodi; Cheng Shengkui. Changes in China's Grain Production Pattern and the Effects of Urbanization and Dietary Structure. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020, 11, 358 -365.

AMA Style

Lu Chunxia, Liu Aimin, Xiao Yu, Liu Xiaojie, Xie Gaodi, Cheng Shengkui. Changes in China's Grain Production Pattern and the Effects of Urbanization and Dietary Structure. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2020; 11 (4):358-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu Chunxia; Liu Aimin; Xiao Yu; Liu Xiaojie; Xie Gaodi; Cheng Shengkui. 2020. "Changes in China's Grain Production Pattern and the Effects of Urbanization and Dietary Structure." Journal of Resources and Ecology 11, no. 4: 358-365.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Environmental Development
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In an increasingly meta-coupled world, the balance of interregional environmental development is becoming increasingly important, and an ecological cooperation community is emerging. Mapping the flow of an ecosystem service (ES) can aid in understanding the spatiotemporal transport paths from generation to use, thereby facilitating a visualization of the interregional relationship on environmental management. In this study, we evaluated the material quantity and value of the wind-break and sand-fixing service (WSS) of Inner Mongolia, simulated the material and value flow and identified the service benefitting regions (SBRs). The benefitting land, population and economy in China were used to reflect the WSS flow effect. The results showed that: the total material quantity of WSS in Inner Mongolia was 7.83 × 1012 kg in 2010 and 7.37 × 1012 kg in 2015, with a total value of 7.83 × 1010 CNY and 7.37 × 1010 CNY, respectively, of which 79.18% in 2010 and 79.92% in 2015 flowed to the downwind SBRs out of Inner Mongolia. The spatial transport paths and SBRs were mainly located in northern China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Mongolia and the Russian Far East in 2010 and 2015. The material and value flow rate of the WSS had spatial proximity features, resulting in differences in the benefits received by benefitting countries and provinces. The SBRs in China covered 67.50% and 65.67% of the total area of China in 2010 and 2015, respectively. The people benefitting amounted to 88.01% of the total population in China in 2010 and 86.58% in 2015, corresponding to a beneficial gross domestic product (GDP) of 92.00% and 90.50%, respectively, of China's total GDP in each year. Based on the spatiotemporal movements of the material and value flows of the WSS, this study revealed the spatial and temporal correspondences between the area's supply and benefits from the WSS of Inner Mongolia. It provides a scientific basis for decision-makers to coordinate interregional benefit transfers through wind erosion control in Inner Mongolia and ensure continuing flow of benefits to SBRs.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yuan Jiang. Interregional ecosystem services benefits transfer from wind erosion control measures in Inner Mongolia. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100496 .

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Yangyang Wang, Lin Zhen, Changshun Zhang, Yuan Jiang. Interregional ecosystem services benefits transfer from wind erosion control measures in Inner Mongolia. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yuan Jiang. 2020. "Interregional ecosystem services benefits transfer from wind erosion control measures in Inner Mongolia." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100496.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2019 in 资源科学
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ACS Style

Wang Yangyang; Xiao Yu; Xie Gaodi; Xu Jie; 洋洋 王; 高地 谢; 洁 徐. 基于RWEQ的宁夏草地防风固沙服务评估. 资源科学 2019, 41, 980 -991.

AMA Style

Wang Yangyang, Xiao Yu, Xie Gaodi, Xu Jie, 洋洋 王, 高地 谢, 洁 徐. 基于RWEQ的宁夏草地防风固沙服务评估. 资源科学. 2019; 41 (5):980-991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang Yangyang; Xiao Yu; Xie Gaodi; Xu Jie; 洋洋 王; 高地 谢; 洁 徐. 2019. "基于RWEQ的宁夏草地防风固沙服务评估." 资源科学 41, no. 5: 980-991.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 04 April 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
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Ecosystem service (ES) flows across geophysical and administrative boundaries are ubiquitous and are receiving more attention in an increasingly metacoupled world. Omitting trans-boundary ES flows from ES assessments will lead to unilateral conclusions and underestimation of ES contributions over distances. Inner Mongolia is an important ecological security barrier of China and Eurasia, but the trans-boundary effect of this barrier is difficult to be quantitatively evaluated and is rarely assessed. This study assessed the ecological security barrier function of Inner Mongolia from the perspective of trans-boundary ES flows, including wind prevention and sand fixation (WPSF), water provision (WP), carbon sequestration (CS) and livestock product provision (LPP) service flows. The trans-boundary value flows for the WPSF, WP, CS and LPP services in 2010 were 6.20×1010 CNY (Chinese currency, yuan), 0.34×1010 CNY, 1.29×1010 CNY and 1.27×1010 CNY, respectively, and 5.89×1010 CNY, 0.18×1010 CNY, 0.37×1010 CNY and 1.33×1010 CNY, respectively, in 2015; correspondingly, the percentages of these trans-boundary value flows in terms of the total value flow were 68.13%, 3.74%, 14.18% and 13.96%, respectively, in 2010 and 75.80%, 2.32%, 4.76% and 17.12%, respectively, in 2015. Therefore, WPSF service plays a more important role in the trans-boundary ecological security barrier function of Inner Mongolia. This study can enhance the understanding of trans-boundary telecoupling in an integral socio-ecological system and identify the critical ESs to form a foundation for ecological conservation measures considering sustainable development.

ACS Style

Gaodi Xie; Jingya Liu; Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yangyang Wang; Keyu Qin; Shuang Gan; Yuan Jiang. A spatio-temporal delineation of trans-boundary ecosystem service flows from Inner Mongolia. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 065002 .

AMA Style

Gaodi Xie, Jingya Liu, Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Lin Zhen, Changshun Zhang, Yangyang Wang, Keyu Qin, Shuang Gan, Yuan Jiang. A spatio-temporal delineation of trans-boundary ecosystem service flows from Inner Mongolia. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (6):065002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaodi Xie; Jingya Liu; Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yangyang Wang; Keyu Qin; Shuang Gan; Yuan Jiang. 2019. "A spatio-temporal delineation of trans-boundary ecosystem service flows from Inner Mongolia." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 6: 065002.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Simulating the flows of ecosystem services (ESs) can help understand their spatiotemporal flow paths from generation to use, thereby facilitating payments from beneficiaries to providers of ESs. In this study, an analytical framework incorporated with ES flows and regional disparity was established to compute payments for wind erosion prevention service (WEPS). The results showed that between 2010 and 2015, both the potential and actual wind erosion amounts in Yanchi County decreased considerably, and the total amount of sand fixed by WEPS decreased significantly from 3.71 × 109 to 0.08 × 109 kg; additionally, the economic value of the WEPS also decreased from CNY 479.46 million to CNY 10.22 million. Based on the spatiotemporal movements of the physical and economic value flows of the WEPS, this study revealed spatiotemporal relationships between areas providing and benefiting from the WEPS of Yanchi County and provided a direct, scientific basis for decision makers to formulate payment systems for WEPS. The total amount paid for WEPS by beneficiaries in China should theoretically be CNY 38.16 million in 2010 and CNY 1.00 million in 2015 based on the economic value flow of WEPS and the regional disparity coefficient. This framework can provide a scientific and objective basis for establishing horizontal ecological compensation policies.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. Computing payments for wind erosion prevention service incorporating ecosystem services flow and regional disparity in Yanchi County. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 674, 563 -579.

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Yangyang Wang, Yuan Jiang. Computing payments for wind erosion prevention service incorporating ecosystem services flow and regional disparity in Yanchi County. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 674 ():563-579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. 2019. "Computing payments for wind erosion prevention service incorporating ecosystem services flow and regional disparity in Yanchi County." Science of The Total Environment 674, no. : 563-579.

Article
Published: 02 March 2019 in Chinese Geographical Science
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Water supply services (WSSs) are critical for the regional water balance and water circulation, but relevant studies have not established the relationship between WSSs and human well-being. This research identifies the scope of areas that benefit from WSSs from an ecosystem service flow perspective. Moreover, the path and quantity of the flow of WSSs are simulated to provide a scientific theoretical basis for ecosystem service management and ecological compensation. The Dongjiang Lake Basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programmes concerning water resources are top priorities. Dongjiang Lake Basin experienced an increase and then a decrease in the overall supply of water, with an average net water supply of 1096–1500 mm for the years 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The water demand increased each year in service beneficiary areas (SBAs), varying from 387 to 580 mm. Overall, Dongjiang Lake Basin met the net water demands of the actual SBAs in the lower reaches, but a gap in the water supply and demand emerged gradually. This research provides an understanding of the functional mechanisms for the provision, demand and flow of WSSs and provides a scientific theoretical basis for ecosystem service management and ecological compensation.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yuan Jiang. Ecosystem Service Flow Insights into Horizontal Ecological Compensation Standards for Water Resource: A Case Study in Dongjiang Lake Basin, China. Chinese Geographical Science 2019, 29, 214 -230.

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Yuan Jiang. Ecosystem Service Flow Insights into Horizontal Ecological Compensation Standards for Water Resource: A Case Study in Dongjiang Lake Basin, China. Chinese Geographical Science. 2019; 29 (2):214-230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yuan Jiang. 2019. "Ecosystem Service Flow Insights into Horizontal Ecological Compensation Standards for Water Resource: A Case Study in Dongjiang Lake Basin, China." Chinese Geographical Science 29, no. 2: 214-230.

Correction
Published: 31 October 2018 in Sustainability
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The authors were not aware of errors made in the proofreading phase, and, hence, wish to make the following corrections to this paper

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Na Li; Fuqin Yu; Sha Pei; Yuan Jiang. Correction: Xu J., et al. Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1202. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3987 .

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Na Li, Fuqin Yu, Sha Pei, Yuan Jiang. Correction: Xu J., et al. Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1202. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Na Li; Fuqin Yu; Sha Pei; Yuan Jiang. 2018. "Correction: Xu J., et al. Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1202." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3987.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2018 in JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES
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ACS Style

玉 肖; Xiao Yu; 高地 谢; 霖 甄; 春霞 鲁; 洁 徐; Xie Gao-Di; Zhen Lin; Lu Chun-Xia; Xu Jie. 阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2018, 33, 1742 -1754.

AMA Style

玉 肖, Xiao Yu, 高地 谢, 霖 甄, 春霞 鲁, 洁 徐, Xie Gao-Di, Zhen Lin, Lu Chun-Xia, Xu Jie. 阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2018; 33 (10):1742-1754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

玉 肖; Xiao Yu; 高地 谢; 霖 甄; 春霞 鲁; 洁 徐; Xie Gao-Di; Zhen Lin; Lu Chun-Xia; Xu Jie. 2018. "阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 33, no. 10: 1742-1754.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The Three Rivers Source Region, in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has a sensitive and fragile ecological environment. Adverse changes in climate and human activities have degraded the grassland ecosystems. To mitigate or reverse the degradation, alleviate rural poverty, and stimulate economic development, ecological restoration projects have been implemented. In the present study, our goal was to assess the ecological and socioeconomic effects of these programs based on land-use change, grassland NPP, and household surveys. Household data were collected using structured questionnaires in 11 villages from three counties, with average elevation above 3773 m asl. We found that the grassland degradation had been mitigated, especially after the implementation of ecological restoration programs since 2005 in a regional nature reserve in Qinghai Province. Household income depends strongly on the region's natural resources, so the grassland ecosystems are still at risk of unsustainable use. A household that understood the effects of the ecological restoration programs and had received training to participate in the programs was more willing to participate in future programs. Our findings suggest that for successful restoration, it is essential to help residents of the study area thoroughly understand the ecological restoration programs and learn the restoration techniques before implementation of such programs. This is because the participation of the residents depended strongly on both their income and their satisfaction with the ecological restoration programs.

ACS Style

Wenping Sheng; Lin Zhen; Yu Xiao; Yunfeng Hu. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of ecological restoration in China's Three Rivers Source Region. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 650, 2307 -2313.

AMA Style

Wenping Sheng, Lin Zhen, Yu Xiao, Yunfeng Hu. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of ecological restoration in China's Three Rivers Source Region. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 650 ():2307-2313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenping Sheng; Lin Zhen; Yu Xiao; Yunfeng Hu. 2018. "Ecological and socioeconomic effects of ecological restoration in China's Three Rivers Source Region." Science of The Total Environment 650, no. : 2307-2313.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2018 in Sustainability
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Assessing ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for sustainable development. Ecosystem service flow (ESF) emphasizes the recognition of real ESs beneficiary areas from the perspective of human welfare and establishes a spatiotemporal path between service supply areas (SSAs) and service beneficiary areas (SBAs) to better reflect the relationship between ESs and human welfare, which is conducive to recognize how to guarantee the sustainable supply of ESs. This study simulated the spatiotemporal patterns and flow trajectories of the wind prevention and sand fixation (WPSF) service in Yanchi County based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, respectively, and constructed an analysis framework for the sustainability of WPSF service from the perspective of ESF. The results indicated that the amount of wind erosion prevented in Yanchi County was 3.71 × 109 kg in 2010 and 0.08 × 109 kg in 2015, with average retention rates of 83.40% and 78.11% and WPSF service values of 479.46 million CNY (Chinese currency; as of 18 July 2018, 6.702 RMB = US $1) and 10.22 million CNY, respectively. The flow trajectories of the WPSF service mostly extended to East Asia, and the densities decreased as the transmission distance increased. The estimated areas of the SBAs of WPSF service in Yanchi County were 1153.2 × 104 km2 in 2010 and 397.2 × 104 km2 in 2015. The grid cells through which many (≥10%) of the trajectories passed were mainly situated in the central part of northern China. The spatiotemporal distribution patterns and flow rates of the physical and value flows of the WPSF service were the same. The SBAs within China accounted for 71.11% in 2010 and 91.32% in 2015, and both maximums occurred in Shaanxi Province. In this research, we identified the actual beneficiaries according to the spatiotemporal distribution of physical and value flows. There were mismatches between the value flow and eco-compensation flow, which was unsustainable. This work can serve as an effective and valid reference for the ecological compensation standard and the formulation of ecological protection measures, which is conducive to regional sustainable development and human welfare.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. How to Guarantee the Sustainability of the Wind Prevention and Sand Fixation Service: An Ecosystem Service Flow Perspective. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2995 .

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Yangyang Wang, Yuan Jiang. How to Guarantee the Sustainability of the Wind Prevention and Sand Fixation Service: An Ecosystem Service Flow Perspective. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):2995.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. 2018. "How to Guarantee the Sustainability of the Wind Prevention and Sand Fixation Service: An Ecosystem Service Flow Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 2995.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Ecosystem services are closely linked to human welfare. The flow of ecosystem service can establish spatio-temporal relationships between ecosystem service provision areas (SPAs) and service beneficiary areas (SBAs). In this study, the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to simulate the spatial flow path of the wind erosion prevention (WEP) service in Yanchi County. The frequency at which the simulated trajectories passed through each grid cell was used as a proxy for spatio-temporal disparities in SBAs, and the distribution of benefitting land cover, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) reflected the effects of the WEP flow. The flow paths of the Yanchi County WEP in 2010 mainly extended to eastern and central China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and eastern Russia, and were more intensive and longer in spring and winter than in autumn and winter. The SBAs covered an area of 1153.2 × 104 km2 in 2010, with dominant service beneficiary areas (DSBAs) comprising 185.1 × 104 km2 and accounting for 16.1% of the total beneficiary area of the year. The areas through which the flow paths passed with a high frequency (≥10%) were mainly located in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, western Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, and northern Hubei, and the spatial scale of these areas varied, demonstrating obvious seasonal changes, and was the largest in spring. The benefitting land cover was mainly cropland across all of the SBAs, with one billion benefitting people (accounting for 77.11% of the total population of China) associated with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 26.8 trillion RMB (Chinese currency; as of 2018-06-22, 6.497 RMB = US $1, accounting for 87.90% of the total GDP of China). Furthermore, the population and socio-economic development in the DSBAs (21 million people and 0.53 trillion RMB GDP) were no longer affected by wind erosion from Yanchi County. This study revealed the spatio-temporal disparities of the SBAs of WEP in Yanchi County from an ecosystem services flow perspective and provides a scientific and effective basis for policymakers to perform standard ecological compensation accounting and to formulate ecological protection policies.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Lin Zhen; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. The Spatio-Temporal Disparities of Areas Benefitting from the Wind Erosion Prevention Service. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1510 .

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Lin Zhen, Yangyang Wang, Yuan Jiang. The Spatio-Temporal Disparities of Areas Benefitting from the Wind Erosion Prevention Service. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (7):1510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Lin Zhen; Yangyang Wang; Yuan Jiang. 2018. "The Spatio-Temporal Disparities of Areas Benefitting from the Wind Erosion Prevention Service." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7: 1510.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2018 in Sustainability
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The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainability of the economy and society. Most of the 25 National Key Ecological Function Areas (NKEFAs) in China serve as a source and supplementation for numerous rivers and playing an important role in water resource conservation. Based on the analysis of eco-environmental quality changes in NKEFAs, this study analyzed the spatial pattern of water conservation services in 2000 and 2010 by using a water balance equation. The results indicate that the land cover type of NKEFAs was dominated by grassland, and the proportion of ecological land conversion to non-ecological land (0.3%) was higher than that of non-ecological land conversion to ecological land (0.21%). The fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) and biomass density of NKEFAs gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. The FVC of the Changbai Mountain Forest Function Area (CBS) was the highest, while the biomass density and total biomass were highest in mountain areas in the Middle of Hai’nan Island (HND) and in the Great Khingan and Lesser Khingan Mountains (XAL) respectively. The FVC and biomass of NKEFAs mostly increased in 2000–2010. Water conservation amounts of NKEFAs decreased from southeast to northwest. The average water conservation and total water conservation amount of Nanling Mountain (NL), Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan (GQD), and the Wuling Mountain Function Area (WLS) were the highest, while the Yinshan Mountain (YS), Alkin Grassland (AEJ), and the Qilian Mountain Function Area (QLS) had the lowest values. In 2000–2010, the water conservation service of 60% of NKEFAs decreased. Spatial and temporal differences in water conservation services are the result of a combination of ecological environment quality and meteorological conditions. Protection of the ecological environment and vegetation coverage improvement should be strengthened to enhance the function of water conservation.

ACS Style

Jie Xu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Na Li; Fuqin Yu; Sha Pei; Yuan Jiang. Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1202 .

AMA Style

Jie Xu, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Na Li, Fuqin Yu, Sha Pei, Yuan Jiang. Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xu; Gaodi Xie; Yu Xiao; Na Li; Fuqin Yu; Sha Pei; Yuan Jiang. 2018. "Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality Combined with Water Conservation Changes in National Key Ecological Function Areas in China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1202.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2017 in Sustainability
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Research on the spatial flow of ecosystem services can help to identify the spatial relationships between service-providing areas (SPAs) and service-benefitting areas (SBAs). In this study, we used the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to stimulate the flow paths of the wind erosion prevented by ecosystems in Hunshandake, China. By interpolating these paths, the SBAs were identified, and their benefits in terms of land cover, population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were determined. The results indicated that the flow paths mostly extended to the eastern part of the study area, and the estimated cover of the SBAs was 39.21% of the total area of China. The grid cells through which many (≥10%) of the trajectories passed were mainly located in the western part of north-eastern China and the eastern part of northern China. The benefitting population accounted for 74.51% of the total population of China, and the GDP was 67.11% of the total in 2010. Based on this research, we described a quantitative relationship between the SPAs and the SBAs and identified the actual beneficiaries. This work may provide scientific knowledge that can be used by decision makers to develop management strategies, such as ecological compensation to mitigate damage from sandstorms in the study area.

ACS Style

Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Lin Zhen; Chunxia Lu; Jie Xu. Identifying the Areas Benefitting from the Prevention of Wind Erosion by the Key Ecological Function Area for the Protection of Desertification in Hunshandake, China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1820 .

AMA Style

Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Lin Zhen, Chunxia Lu, Jie Xu. Identifying the Areas Benefitting from the Prevention of Wind Erosion by the Key Ecological Function Area for the Protection of Desertification in Hunshandake, China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Xiao; Gaodi Xie; Lin Zhen; Chunxia Lu; Jie Xu. 2017. "Identifying the Areas Benefitting from the Prevention of Wind Erosion by the Key Ecological Function Area for the Protection of Desertification in Hunshandake, China." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1820.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem services and few focus on the demands on ecosystem services and their spatial distribution. Here, on the basis of the flow of water conservation services from the providing area to the benefiting area, the benefits produced by water conservation service are investigated and the benefiting areas are identified. The results indicate that in 2010 the water conservation service of key ecological function areas provided irrigation water for 1.67×105 km2 of paddy fields and 1.01×105 km2 irrigated fields, domestic water to urban residents and industrial water to factories, mines and enterprises of 2.64×104 km2 urban construction land and domestic water to rural residents across 3.73×104 km2 of rural settlements and formed 6.64×104 km2 of inland water which can be used for freshwater aquaculture, downstream regions comprise 1.31×104 km of navigable river, which can be used for inland shipping. The benefit areas of the key function areas located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are greater and more influential benefit areas. To protect these key function areas, more attention should be paid to the maintenance and improvement of water conservation. Some benefit areas have access to the benefits produced by water conservation of nine key ecological function areas and cover 17% of the overall benefit area and the length of their channels benefited accounts for 7%. Multiple key ecological function areas should be taken into account equally in the formulation of ecological compensation policies. These research findings can serve as a scientific basis for the compensated use of and ecological compensation for ecosystem services provided by key ecological function areas.

ACS Style

Xiao Yu; Zhang Changshun; Xu Jie. Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015, 6, 375 -385.

AMA Style

Xiao Yu, Zhang Changshun, Xu Jie. Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2015; 6 (6):375-385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao Yu; Zhang Changshun; Xu Jie. 2015. "Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China." Journal of Resources and Ecology 6, no. 6: 375-385.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programs concerning water resources and water supply services are top priorities for ecosystem service protection. We analyzed spatial and temporal patterns associated with generation and use of water supply services in the Dongjiang Lake basin using the InVEST model, socio-economic data and water resource data. We found that between 1995 and 2010, water yield in the Dongjiang Lake basin and its beneficiary areas increased before declining, varying 9350–12 400 m3 ha-1 y-1; average water yield peaked in 2000. The spatial distribution patterns of water yield during these years are similar, progressively decreasing from upstream to downstream with a remarkable reduction in surrounding areas of city clusters. Average water consumption of the basin and its beneficiary areas ranged from 2900–4450 m3 ha-1 y-1 between 1995 and 2010; the spatial distribution patterns of water consumption during these years are similar, dropping gradually from urban construction land to its surroundings with a stronger gradient between urban and rural areas. More water was consumed on both banks and surroundings of the lake. From 1995 to 2010, water supply fell short of demand for urban construction land and its proximity as well as areas along the lake. Water supply services were able to satisfy needs in other regions. The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster suffers from the most strained water supply.

ACS Style

Xu Jie; Xiao Yu; Li Na; Wang Hao. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Supply and Demand Balance of Water Supply Services in the Dongjiang Lake Basin and Its Beneficiary Areas. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015, 6, 386 -396.

AMA Style

Xu Jie, Xiao Yu, Li Na, Wang Hao. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Supply and Demand Balance of Water Supply Services in the Dongjiang Lake Basin and Its Beneficiary Areas. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2015; 6 (6):386-396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Jie; Xiao Yu; Li Na; Wang Hao. 2015. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Supply and Demand Balance of Water Supply Services in the Dongjiang Lake Basin and Its Beneficiary Areas." Journal of Resources and Ecology 6, no. 6: 386-396.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Sustainability
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In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the multiple linear regression model were used to estimate distribution of biomass resources in 2010. The establishment of models, developed using different vegetation biomass sample data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), meteorological data, coordinates, terrain data, and statistical data. Results based on a cross-validation approach show that the model can explain 95.6% of the variance in biomass, with a relative estimation error of 67 g·m−2 for a range of biomass between 0–73,875 g·m−2. Spatial statistic results were consistent with the practical condition in most cases. The above- and below-ground biomass (ABGB) of China was estimated to be 31.1 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) in 2010. The forest ecosystem has the largest total biomass, which represents about 70% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem. The desert ecosystem has minimum biomass value. The Belowground Endowment (BRE) varied differently in spatial distribution, with the high values occurring in the southeast and northeast. The low values were primarily distributed in north and northwest regions, where it is mostly desert and few plants. Biomass per capita indicates the availability of natural resources per capita. Tibet had the maximum biomass per capita (807 tone in 2010). Shanghai and Tianjin had the minimum biomass per capita, less than 500 kg. Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Hainan had negative growth of biomass per capita.

ACS Style

Na Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8548 -8564.

AMA Style

Na Li, Gaodi Xie, Changshun Zhang, Yu Xiao, Biao Zhang, Wenhui Chen, Yanzhi Sun, Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (7):8548-8564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. 2015. "Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China." Sustainability 7, no. 7: 8548-8564.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2014 in Sustainability
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A biologically productive area was used in the ecological footprint method to measure the demand and impact of human activities on the natural capital, and further, to judge whether the impact is within the scope of the regional bio-capacity. In this presentation, an indicator “ecological footprint distance (Def)” is proposed. The results indicated that the proposed indicator Def could identify the outward extension of a city’s ecological footprint with the city’s rapid expansion. From 2008 to 2012, the proportion of imported bio-capacity increased approximately from 48% to 64%, which implied that the ecological impact of Beijing had expanded year by year. The Def of Beijing increased from 567 km in 2008 to 677 km in 2012, with an average annual increase of about 25 km. From the perspective of seasonal change, Beijing’s ecological footprint distance in winter and spring was much higher than in summer and fall. The main features of provincial-spatial distribution of Beijing’s Def were as follows: grain and oil and meat and eggs were mainly supplied by Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia; yet vegetable and fruit were mainly supplied by Hainan, Guangdong, Hebei and Shandong. Measures should be taken to decentralize the sources of imported bio-capacity, so as to ensure a sustainable development in Metropolitan cities.

ACS Style

Gaodi Xie; Wenhui Chen; Shuyan Cao; Chunxia Lu; Yu Xiao; Changshun Zhang; Na Li; Shuo Wang. The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing. Sustainability 2014, 6, 9371 -9386.

AMA Style

Gaodi Xie, Wenhui Chen, Shuyan Cao, Chunxia Lu, Yu Xiao, Changshun Zhang, Na Li, Shuo Wang. The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (12):9371-9386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaodi Xie; Wenhui Chen; Shuyan Cao; Chunxia Lu; Yu Xiao; Changshun Zhang; Na Li; Shuo Wang. 2014. "The Outward Extension of an Ecological Footprint in City Expansion: The Case of Beijing." Sustainability 6, no. 12: 9371-9386.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2012 in Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
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ACS Style

Yu Xiao; Gao-Di Xie; Kai An; Chun-Xia Lu. A research framework of ecosystem services based on functional traits. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2012, 36, 353 -362.

AMA Style

Yu Xiao, Gao-Di Xie, Kai An, Chun-Xia Lu. A research framework of ecosystem services based on functional traits. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 2012; 36 (4):353-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Xiao; Gao-Di Xie; Kai An; Chun-Xia Lu. 2012. "A research framework of ecosystem services based on functional traits." Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 36, no. 4: 353-362.