Agroforestry home gardens are integrated arrangements of common vegetable plants near residences, resembling tropical forests. They cultivate multiple species to meet families’ basic needs, including food, medicine, and family activities. This study aimed to assess the composition and use of plant species in agroforestry home gardens in three municipalities in the western region of Pará. The study analyzed 119 home gardens in Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém in Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. These home gardens span peri-urban, urban, floodplain, indigenous, and tourist land zones. Data were collected through questionnaires and visits, surveying 5323 plants from 188 species and 62 plant families. The findings revealed that 80.5% of plants concentrated in just 18.6% of the species, with no significant difference in species per home garden across zones. Notably, food species, particularly fruit-bearing plants, dominated these home gardens. This indicates a potential emphasis on incentive programs and public policies. Most home gardens contained up to 17 plant species, while less than half included medicinal plants. Native and exotic species were equally represented, with native plants valued for shading benefits. Agroforestry home gardens are vital for conserving and cultivating food species. Their specific purposes influence species distribution and selection, showcasing their socioeconomic and environmental significance. Thus, recognizing and investing in these land-use systems is crucial to maintain and enhance regional benefits.

The quantification of a stand’s wood stock is one of the most important procedures for Tectona spp. (teak) management. An optimal method for estimating tree volume must accommodate the variation of...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality indicators for wood and charcoal from the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid (Clone GG 100) in different planting spacings. The study was conducted with the hybrid using the spacings of 2×1, 2×2, 3×2, and 3×3 m. The chemical properties of wood and charcoal were analyzed, and dry wood mass and energy per hectare were estimated. The data were subjected to the t test for comparison of means. Moreover, principal component analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between wood and charcoal indicators as a function of spacing.

Tree cultivation spacing can influence productivity and wood quality, with silvicultural, technological and economic implications. This study aimed to estimate the production and provide an economic analysis of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis stands as a function of planting spacing in a small rural property. The study was carried out in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, with the hybrid clone (GG100) established in 2 × 1 m, 2 × 2 m, 3 × 2 m and 3 × 3 m spacing. Inventories were carried out at 14, 54 and 84 months in four plots from each spacing, with 24 plants. Diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and survival rate were evaluated. The study evaluated the logistic model of growth and yield for the different spacings and analysed production costs, characterising the expenditure elements related to inputs and labour. For the economic analysis, we considered a discount rate of 8% p.a. and the valuation methods of net present value (NPV), annual equivalent value (AEV), average production cost (APC), and cost–benefit ratio (CBR). Spacing influenced diameter distribution, tree height and productivity. The optimal harvest age showed a tendency to decrease in smaller spacing. The increase in plant density (smaller spacing) did not promote a proportional increase in volumetric production. Our results indicated economic viability from 60 months onwards for all spacing, except for 2 × 1 m.

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) exhibit varied composition and dynamics as intrinsic characteristics of their specificities. In this context, a review of the adoption, composition, and dynamics of AFSs in the Amazon biome was conducted to identify the origin, institutions, and researchers of published studies with results on this scientific topic, focused on trends and characteristics of AFSs diversity in the Amazon. The methodology adopted was a scoping review, based on searches in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using specific keywords to ensure that the articles addressed topics related to the adoption, composition, and dynamics of AFSs in the Amazon. Following the selection of subtopics, 66 articles were selected and analyzed. The analysis revealed that research on AFSs in the Amazon highlights interactions among traditional knowledge, innovations, and sustainability. The analysis of research published between 1996 and 2023 indicated growth in studies with an interdisciplinary focus, primarily from Brazil. However, internationalization, collaborative networks, and funding factors contribute to the prominence of foreign institutions. Research studies often address topics such as species diversity, agrobiodiversity, and tree growth in agroforestry intercrops. In this context, homegarden agroforestry (HAF) emerges as one of the main subjects of study, encompassing multifunctional environments, richness diversity, and ongoing experimentation with plant species. The choice of species for AFSs is influenced by factors such as labor, personal preferences, and market demands, although loggers and commercial forestry systems tend to have lower diversity, contrasting with HAF. AFSs implementation methods vary according to financing, management, and the farmer’s education and gender. Environmental conservation, food security, ecosystem services, and production flexibility are highlighted as benefits of AFSs, while challenges include technical and economic limitations. This research highlights the strengthening and consolidation of AFSs by addressing scientific gaps and demonstrating the need for studies on the adoption, consolidation, and management of these systems, as well as the relationship between diversity and yield. Future research should be concentrated on deepening studies on the relationship between diversity and yield in AFSs, as well as on management strategies that support the consolidation of these systems in the Amazon biome, integrating innovation, public policy support, and traditional knowledge of farmers.

Os estudos de morfometria de árvores buscam transmitir uma ideia das relações interdimensionais, reconstituir o espaço ocupado pelas árvores, julgar o grau de concorrência do povoamento, além de inferências sobre estabilidade, vitalidade e produtividade de cada indivíduo. Neste âmbito, julga-se necessário a promoção de estudos em sistemas agroflorestais que visam a integração entre espécies arbóreas, espécies forrageiras e animais com a finalidade de auferir produtos ou serviços destes componentes. Neste trabalho foram avaliados 200 indivíduos, divididos entre 4 espécies florestais de grande relevância no mercado, implantados em sistema silvipastoril no município de Belterra, Pará. O cumaru (Dypteryx sp) foi plantado em fileiras duplas (10 x10 m), o mogno-africano (Khaya sp) em fileiras duplas (10x10 m) e simples (10 metros entre plantas), a teca (Tectona grandis) em fileiras triplas (7x7 m) e a andiroba (Carapa guianensis) disposta em fileiras quíntuplas de 7x7 m. Dentre os parâmetros avaliados, foi calculado o incremento médio anual, tanto para altura quanto para diâmetro. O mogno apresentou resultados superiores para Altura Total, em 14,8 % para a andiroba, 38,4 % em relação à teca e para o cumaru 21,2%. Notou-se diferença entre os valores de inserção de copa e altura comercial que variaram, para todas as espécies estudadas, de 3,8 a 55,2 %, o que justifica a coleta destas variáveis separadamente. O mogno foi a espécie que apresentou melhores resultados tanto de povoamento quanto morfométricos. Constatou-se a tendência de indivíduos de estratos inferiores promoverem desenvolvimento em diâmetro de copa mais acentuado quando comparado às demais variáveis.