A wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses continually attack plants and animals, which adversely affect their growth, development, reproduction, and yield realization. To survive under stress conditions, highly sophisticated and efficient tolerance mechanisms have been evolved to adapt to stresses, which consist of the variation of effector molecules playing vital roles in physiological regulation. The development of a sensitive, facile, and rapid analytical methods for stress factors and effector molecules detection is significant for gaining deeper insight into the tolerance mechanisms. As a nondestructive analysis technique, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has unique advantages regarding its biosensing applications. It not only provides specific fingerprint spectra of the target molecules, conformation, and structure, but also has universal capacity for simultaneous detection and imaging of targets owing to the narrow width of the Raman vibrational bands. Herein, recent progress on biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance mechanisms and effector molecules is summarized. Moreover, the development and promising future trends of SERS detection for stress-related substances combined with nanomaterials as substrates and SERS tags are discussed. This comprehensive and critical review might shed light on a new perspective for SERS applications.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is widely present in the inner coating of metal food cans, from which it can migrate into food and generate harmful derivatives during storage, such as bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether. Here, a gold-nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay based on a broad-spectrum polyclonal antibody was developed for the simultaneous detection of BADGE and its derivatives, which could be accomplished within 15 min. The quantitative analysis of the visualization results was performed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2021, and the detection limit, defined as the concentration causing 15% inhibition, was 0.97 ng/mL. The recoveries of BADGE and its derivatives at various spiking levels in canned food samples ranged from 79.86% to 93.81%. The detection results of the proposed immunochromatographic strip assay were validated via high-performance liquid chromatography, showing a good correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9580).

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is widely existed in the inner coating of canned foods. It migrates into food and generate various derivatives in the process of storage, such as Bisphenol A (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·H2O), Bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl) and Bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl·H2O), which have negative effects on human health. A gold nanoparticle-based immu-nochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of BADGE and its derivatives was developed by using a broad-spectrum polyclonal antibody, and the detection can be finished in 15 min. The visuali-zation of results was processed by Adobe Photoshop CC software to achieve quantitative analysis and the detection limit (IC15) is 0.97ng/mL. The recoveries of BADGE and its derivatives at various spiking levels in canned food samples ranged from 79.86% to 93.81%. The detection results of the proposed immu-nochromatographic assay were also validated by HPLC analysis, and got good consistency (R2=0.9580).