Secondary salinization caused by climate change is a growing global problem. Searching for plants that can survive in areas with high salt content and even have decorative value was the focus of our research. Thirty plants of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum were planted in clear river sand; another thirty plants were planted in Pindstrup, a growing substrate enriched with 40% clay. With the latter, we modeled the natural soil. In addition to the control tap-water treatment, plants received 50, 125, 250, 375, and 500 mM NaCl solution irrigation twice a week. The leaf sizes of plants planted in sand decreased proportionally with the increasing NaCl concentration, and their dry matter content increased. In the clay-containing medium, leaf sizes increased, even at a concentration of 375 mM, although the dry matter content increased only at high concentrations. Carotene content in both media became higher, due to the higher NaCl concentrations, while proline content in the plants grown in sandy media increased, even with the 125 mM concentration. With our present experiment we proved the salt tolerance of the taxon, and even the soil’s great importance in supporting the plant’s salt tolerance.

One of the most effective means of increasing urban green areas is the establishment of roof gardens. They have many positive properties and ecological functions, such as filling empty spaces with plants, protecting buildings, dust retention and air cleaning. In the case of extensive constructions, mostly Sedum species are used, planted as carpet-like “grass” sods or by installing modular units as plugs; however, with the use of other plant genera, the efficiency of ecological services could be increased by expanding the diversity. Festuca taxa have good drought resistance, and these plants tolerate temperature alterations well. Their application would increase the biodiversity, quality and decorative value of roof gardens. Experiments were carried out on nursery benches imitating a roof garden, with the use of modular elements intended for Sedum species, which facilitate the establishment of green roofs. In our trial, varieties of two European native species, Festuca glauca Vill. ‘Uchte’ and F. amethystina L. ‘Walberla’, were investigated. In order to find and determine the differences between the cultivars and the effects of the media (leaf mold and rhyolite tuff), we drew inferences after morphological (height, circumference, root weight, fresh and dry weight) and physiological tests (peroxidase and proline enzyme activity). We concluded that F. glauca ‘Uchte’ is recommended for roof garden conditions, planted in modular elements. Although the specimens were smaller in the medium containing fewer organic components than in the version with larger amounts, they were less exposed to the effects of drought stress. This can be a key factor for survival in extreme roof gardens or even urban conditions for all plants.

In this article, we investigated the dust deposit on leaves in the vegetation period of urban trees using a simple washing method. The data presented in this paper are preliminary results. Air pollution and the area and population of cities are increasing. The EU directives require the reduction and maintenance of air pollution. Trees have many ecological services, including the dust removal capacity. We investigated four urban tree species (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia tomentosa Moench., and Prunus cerasifera L. ‘Woodii’) in many locations in Budapest. After collection, the leaves were washed with distillated water, which was eliminated in a drying chamber, and then the dust was measured back into the beakers. Microscopical photos were taken of each leaf’s surface. We found differences among species and seasons, which confirmed previous studies. Examining the data by location, we found no difference in dust deposition, unlike previous results. The dust deposition for Tilia tomentosa Moench. is between 48 and 295 mg/m²; for Fraxinus excelsior L., between 47 and 205 mg/m²; and for Acer platanoides L., between 110 and 500 mg/m². No relevant data were found for Prunus cerasifera ‘Woodii’ (between 426 and 492 mg/m²) due to its exposed location. New data were obtained in Budapest for the dust deposition of the ‘Woodii’ variety. We partially confirmed or provided new results by examining the dust deposition capacities of urban trees. The leaf surface structure of the examined trees is supposedly a typical cause of dust deposit differences.

The endangered plant species Adenophora liliifolia faces threats to its survival in the wild, necessitating the development of effective micropropagation techniques for potential reintroduction efforts. This study demonstrates that Adenophora liliifolia effectively reproduces on MS synthetic medium with diverse plant growth regulators (PGR) and natural extracts, facilitating swift micropropagation for potential future reintroduction endeavors. It highlights the substantial impact of PGR composition and natural extracts on the growth and development of A. liliifolia. The ideal growth medium for A. liliifolia was determined to be ½ MS with specific treatments. Additionally, incorporating silver nitrate (AgNO₃) at 5 mg L⁻¹ into the medium led to enhanced root formation and shoot length, albeit excessive concentrations adversely affected root development. Varying concentrations of NAA significantly affected different plant growth parameters, with the 0.1 mg L⁻¹ treatment yielding comparable plant height to the control. Moreover, 50 mL L⁻¹ of coconut water bolstered root formation, while 200 mL L⁻¹ increased shoot formation during in vitro propagation. However, elevated doses of coconut water (CW) impeded root development but stimulated shoot growth. Experiments measuring chlorophyll a + b and carotenoid content indicated higher concentrations in the control group than differing levels of applied coconut water. Optimizing pH levels from 6.8–7 to 7.8–8.0 notably enhanced plant height and root formation, with significant carotenoid accumulation observed at pH 6.8–7. Soil samples from A. liliifolia’s natural habitat exhibited a pH of 6.65. Ultimately, the refined in vitro propagation protocol effectively propagated A. liliifolia, representing a pioneering effort and setting the stage for future restoration initiatives and conservation endeavors.

A növények egyöntetűsége a fajtahasználattal jár, akaratlanul csökkentve a diverzitást. Ez a folyamat hátrányos a változó klímában. Miyawaki Akira, japán botanikus, a leromlott természetes vegetáció rehabilitációja során az adott környezetben található fafajok magjainak keverékét, talajcserét követően elvetette. A Miyawaki-módszert városi környezethez adaptálva úgy határozhatjuk meg, hogy (1) sűrű telepítéssel (4–5 egyed/m2) (2) őshonos fajok magcsemetéit telepítik (3) talajcserét követően. Itt nem cél, hogy minden egyed elérje a végleges méretét. A hazai elnevezést illetően javasoljuk a Miyawaki-pagony használatát, mert az erdő kifejezés hazánkban az 5000 m2 feletti egybefüggő fás vegetációra vonatkozik. Az első hazai Miyawaki-erdőt 2021. május 20-án telepítették Budapesten, a Tabánban 40 m2-en, 9 őshonos cserje- és fafaj 120 egyedével. A jelenlegi 25 minierdőből 21 Budapesten található. A tabáni minierdőben a magasság mellett napi maximális fotoszintetikus teljesítményt, párologtatást, a minierdő talajának, lombjának és a környező gyepnek a hőmérsékletét mértük. Eredményeinkből látszik, hogy a fajok a saját növekedési ütemükben haladnak, ugyanakkor versengenek a fényért, és kihasználják a talajcsere nyújtotta előnyöket, hiszen a vénic-szil és a korai juhar átlagos méretei 3 év alatt elérték a 4 métert. Az egybibés galagonya és a vadkörte fotoszintetikus teljesítménye a legmagasabb. A fák ökológiai szolgáltatásai méretüktől függenek, amely a Miyawaki-erdőkben – köszönhetően a sűrű telepítésnek és a talajcserének – egyre növekvő ütemben emelkedik, így növelve a szén-dioxid-megkötést, a párologtatást, a hőmérséklet-mérséklést.