This study investigated the deactivation and regeneration of hierarchical zeolites in vacuum gas oil conversion, aiming to reach the equilibrium state seen in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC). The research utilized various characterization techniques to analyze the properties of zeolites before and after coking and regeneration. Zeolite Y-0.20-S was found to have the highest gasoline selectivity and quality, mirroring industrial yields, and displayed notable stability across deactivation/regeneration cycles. Higher mesopore concentration in zeolites led to increased coke selectivity and better resistance to deactivation. The study observed a dominance of aromatic coke with a higher degree of condensation in these zeolites. Despite coke deposition affecting acid and textural properties, the regeneration process effectively restored these characteristics, proving its efficiency. The zeolites with greater mesoporosity retained their fundamental properties responsible for activity and selectivity, highlighting the importance of selecting materials that provide high conversions and maintain stability and product selectivity over multiple cycles. The Y-0.20-S zeolite, in particular, was identified as a promising candidate for commercial catalyst development for gasoline production, contributing to the FCC process's energy efficiency.

The catalytic performance in n-butane dehydrogenation of bimetallic PtSn, PtGa and PtIn, and trimetallic PtSnIn and PtSnGa catalysts (with low metal contents) supported on a MgAl2O4 prepared by a nove

Structured materials composed of α-Al₂O₃ spheres covered with a porous and thin layer of MgAl₂O₄ or ZnAl₂O₄ were obtained. The innovative coating method developed consists in the formation of a precursor gel of MgAl₂O₄ or ZnAl₂O₄ by citrate-nitrate combustion method. The alumina spheres are submerged in this gel and then submitted to a drying process in vacuum and to calcinations with N₂ and N₂/O₂. SEM results showed that a very rough and porous layer uniformly covers the spheres. The thickness of the layer reaches the maximum value of 16 µm in the sample coated with two layers of ZnAl₂O₄. XRD results confirmed the MgAl₂O₄ or ZnAl₂O₄ spinel formation in the layered material. The structured materials were used as Pt catalysts supports, showing a good catalytic activity in the n-butane dehydrogenation reaction.