Background and Objective: Large language model (LLM)–based chatbots are increasingly utilized by postpartum individuals seeking guidance on breastfeeding. However, the chatbots’ content quality, readability, and alignment with clinical guidelines remain uncertain. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the quality, readability, and factual accuracy of responses generated by three publicly accessible AI chatbots—ChatGPT-4o Pro, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and Copilot Pro—when prompted with common maternal questions related to breast-milk supply. Methods: Twenty frequently asked breastfeeding-related questions were submitted to each chatbot in separate sessions. The responses were paraphrased to enable standardized scoring and were then evaluated using three validated tools: ensuring quality information for patients (EQIP), the simple measure of gobbledygook (SMOG), and the global quality scale (GQS). Factual accuracy was benchmarked against WHO, ACOG, CDC, and NICE guidelines using a three-point rubric. Additional user experience metrics included response time, character count, content density, and structural formatting. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with Bonferroni correction. Results: ChatGPT-4o Pro achieved the highest overall performance across all primary outcomes: EQIP score (85.7 ± 2.4%), SMOG score (9.78 ± 0.22), and GQS rating (4.55 ± 0.50), followed by Gemini 2.5 Pro and Copilot Pro (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). ChatGPT-4o Pro also demonstrated the highest factual alignment with clinical guidelines (95%), while Copilot showed more frequent omissions or simplifications. Differences in response time and formatting quality were statistically significant, although not always clinically meaningful. Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o Pro outperforms other chatbots in delivering structured, readable, and guideline-concordant breastfeeding information. However, substantial variability persists across the platforms, and none should be considered a substitute for professional guidance. Importantly, the phenomenon of AI hallucinations—where chatbots may generate factually incorrect or fabricated information—remains a critical risk that must be addressed to ensure safe integration into maternal health communication. Future efforts should focus on improving the transparency, accuracy, and multilingual reliability of AI chatbots to ensure their safe integration into maternal health communications.

Background/Objectives: Cesarean delivery often leads to delayed breastfeeding initiation, potentially affecting infant health compared with vaginal delivery. This prospective observational study (conducted between August 2022 and January 2024) comparatively evaluates the impact of delivery method—vaginal, planned cesarean, and emergency cesarean—on breastfeeding initiation and continuation and examines the maternal factors influencing these outcomes. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 338 mother–infant pairs at a tertiary university hospital. Breastfeeding effectiveness was assessed using the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (BBAT) at birth and at one, three, and six months postpartum. Rates of breastfeeding continuation and formula supplementation were documented through structured interviews. Results: The mothers who delivered vaginally had a significantly higher rate of breastfeeding within one hour after birth (85.5%) compared with planned (57.9%) and emergency cesarean sections (64.9%) (p < 0.001). Baseline BBAT scores were higher for vaginal births but converged across the groups by one month postpartum (p > 0.05). At six months, breastfeeding continuation rates remained high (94.4–95.2%) irrespective of delivery method. Conclusions: Delivery method exerts a transient effect on breastfeeding initiation. With lactation support, the mothers delivering by cesarean section achieved comparable breastfeeding outcomes within the first month postpartum. These findings reinforce the importance of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) practices, including immediate skin-to-skin contact, effective pain management, and lactation counseling, in ensuring equitable breastfeeding outcomes.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) comprises ~1% to 4% of thrombocytopenia cases during pregnancy. Factors predicting neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities due to maternal ITP are unclear. The present study aimed to assess the neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with ITP. Fifty-five pregnant women with ITP and their babies, born between January/2013 and April/2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Maternal and neonatal thrombocytopenia cases other than ITP were excluded from the study. Physical examination, blood count, and cranial/abdominal ultrasonography findings of the newborns were recorded. Neonatal thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count < 150 × 10^9/L. Relationship between neonatal thrombocytopenia and maternal factors was investigated. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 17/55 babies (30.9%), and 8/17 (47.1%) had symptoms of bleeding, all but one being mild bleeding. There was a significant correlation between neonatal platelet counts of < 100 × 10⁹/L and maternal splenectomy history. Incidence of moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher (statistically insignificant) in neonates of mothers with ITP. No significant correlation was determined between maternal and neonatal platelet counts. There was a weak insignificant correlation between platelet counts of neonates of mothers with or without thrombocytopenia. A significant correlation was found between the presence of splenectomy before delivery in the mother and a platelet count of < 100 × 10⁹/L in the neonate. Moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher in neonates of mothers diagnosed with ITP before pregnancy and needed treatment during pregnancy and/or delivery, but the difference was insignificant. Close follow-up of babies born to mothers with ITP after birth is crucial since there is no significant prediction criterion for developing neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities.

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is traditionally viewed as a disorder of delayed lung fluid clearance, but emerging evidence suggests inflammatory involvement. Aim: This study investigated systemic inflammatory indices [(systemic immune-inflammation index (SII-i), systemic inflammation response index (SIR-i), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NL-r), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PL-r)] and underlying mechanisms in TTN pathogenesis for the first time. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included 199 neonates (123 with TTN and 76 healthy controls) admitted between 2022 and 2025 to a tertiary care hospital. Complete blood count parameters were collected within the first two hours of life. Inflammatory indices were calculated and compared between groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on gestational age (late preterm vs. term) and mode of delivery (cesarean vs. vaginal). Results: Although not statistically significant, TTN infants showed a trend toward higher inflammatory indices with median NL-r (2.54 vs. 1.75, p = 0.197) and SII-i (729,307.83 vs. 373,593.50, p = 0.276). Term TTN infants had higher NL-r (3.08 vs. 2.04, p = 0.022) and SII-i (729,147.74 vs. 538,928.30, p = 0.133) than late preterm infants. SIR-i and NL-r values were higher in the full-term group than in the early-term and late-preterm groups (p = 0.014, p = 0.022, respectively). Cesarean births showed higher NL-r (3.20 vs. 2.33, p = 0.049) and SII-i (p = 0.040) than vaginal deliveries. Strong correlations existed between SII-I, NL-r (r = 0.886, p < 0.01), and SII-i, SIR-i (r = 0.817, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Elevated inflammatory indices in neonates with TTN, particularly in term infants and those delivered vaginally, suggest a supportive/potential role for systemic inflammation in TTN pathophysiology. These markers may serve as potential supplementary markers for risk stratification, though further prospective validation is required to confirm their clinical relevance. These findings suggest that the early assessment of systemic inflammatory indices may assist clinicians in identifying neonates at risk for TTN, thereby guiding initial respiratory support strategies.

Tr en Boru çiçeği veya melek trompeti adıyla da bilinen Datura stramonium, çok sayıda alkaloid içeren belladonna ailesine ait toksik bir bitkidir. Datura stramonium bitkisinin tüm bölümleri, deliriantlar veya antikolinerjikler olarak sınıflandırılan atropin, hiyasiyomin ve skopolamin gibi tehlikeli seviyelerde tropan alkaloidleri içerir. Yüksek miktarda datura stramonium alımının zehirlenmeye neden olabileceği, genelde delirium (halüsinasyona karşıt olarak), hipertermi, taşikardi, tuhaf davranış ve ciddi midriyazisle sonuçlanarak birkaç gün sürecek ağrılı fotofobi ortaya çıkabilir. Semptomların başlangıcı genellikle, bitkiyi aldıktan yaklaşık 30 ila 60 dakika sonra gerçekleşir. Bu semptomlar genellikle 24 ila 48 saat arasında sonlanır, ancak bazı vakalarda iki haftaya kadar sürdüğü bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda, ağız kuruluğu, öforik semptomlar, görsel halusinasyonlar ve oryantasyon bozukluğu ile acil servise getirilen 6 ve 8 yaşlarındaki kardeşlerin datura stramonium ile zehirlenmesini bildirmekteyiz. Datura stramonium, also known as pipe flower or angel's trumpet, is a toxic plant member of the belladonna family containing several alkaloids. All parts of Datura plants contain tropane alkaloids at dangerous levels, such as atropine, hyaline and scopolamine, classified as deliriums or anticholinergics. High amounts of datura stramonium ingestion may result in painful photophobia, which can lead to poisoning, usually lasting several days, resulting in delirium (as opposed to hallucinations), hyperthermia, tachycardia, strange behavior and severe mydriasis. The onset of symptoms is usually about 30 to 60 minutes after taking the plant. These symptoms usually end between 24 and 48 hours, but have been reported to last up to two weeks in some cases. In this article, we report the poisoning of 6 to 8 year old siblings with datura stramonium, who were brought to the emergency service with dry mouth, euphoric symptoms, visual hallucinations and disorientation.

Evaluating the Quality of YouTube Educational Videos on Kangaroo Care for Newborns: An Observational Study - Namık Kemal Medical Journal