The microbial terroir is an indispensable part of the terroir panorama, and can improve wine quality with special characteristics. In this study, eight autochthonous yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), selected in Huailai country, China, were trailed in small-scale and pilot fermentations for both white (Riesling and Sémillon) and red (Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah) wines and evaluated by GC-MS analysis and the rate-all-that-apply (RATA) method. Compared to commercial yeast strains, the indigenous yeasts were able to produce higher concentrations of ethyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters, and higher alcohol, resulting in higher odor activity values of fruity, floral attributes. Marked varietal effects were observed in the pilot fermentation, but yeast strains exerted a noticeable impact in modulating wine aroma and sensory profile. Overall, indigenous yeast could produce more preferred aroma compounds and sensory characteristics for both white and red wines, demonstrating the potential for improving wine quality and regional characteristics.

Low-glutamic-acid monosodium glutamate wastewater (L-MSGW), characterized by high (NH₄)₂SO₄ concentrations, presents significant challenges for conventional treatment. γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) production using industrial wastewater is an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. In the current study, we isolated and identified Bacillus subtilis GB, which exhibited exceptional tolerance to (NH₄)₂SO₄, and capability for the high-efficiency biosynthesis of γ-PGA using untreated L-MSGW. Fermentation conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments coupled with response surface methodology, followed by scale-up validation in a 5 L fermenter. Under optimal conditions, the maximum γ-PGA yield reached 16.57 g/L with a minimal glutamate consumption of only 4.9 g/L. The study validated the feasibility of efficient γ-PGA production from L-MSGW by B. subtilis GB, providing a novel technical approach and theoretical basis for low-cost treatment and high-value resource utilization of L-MSGW. This study not only demonstrates the low-cost L-MSGW can be used for the high-value γ-PGA by B. subtilis GB but also provides a sustainable and economically viable solution for industrial wastewater treatment.