Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) ranks first in terms of prevalence among all malignant neoplasms in women in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Over the period 2015-2024, there has been a steady increase in the incidence, with the disease increasingly being detected in older women. Despite ongoing screening programs, breast cancer remains a significant cause of cancer mortality. For the first time, a comprehensive 10-year analysis of national breast cancer data was conducted with an assessment of the dynamics of morbidity, mortality, stage, and five-year survival. The study aimed to analyze changes in the incidence, mortality, survival, and stage of BC in women in the RK from 2015 to 2024 to assess the effectiveness of measures for early detection and treatment of the disease. Methods: The BC incidence and mortality analysis for 2015-2024 was based on official statistical reports (forms №7 and №090/U) and data from the national cancer registry. Demographic indicators were obtained from open sources of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS software (version 23.0) with descriptive statistical methods, including calculating the means, confidence intervals, and trend rates. Results: During the study period, the incidence rate of BC increased from 45,7 to 47,6 per 100,000 women, while mortality declined from 14,2 to 7,8. Five-year survival rose by 81%, from 16,740 to 30,267 patients. The proportion of early-stage diagnoses (I-II) increased from 81,5% to 88,7%, and stage III cases nearly halved. The highest incidence was recorded in the 65-69 age group. A link has been established between screening coverage and mortality reduction. The results obtained refine and expand the previously presented regional data and can serve as a basis for improving preventive programs and improving the effectiveness of cancer care. Conclusion: Kazakhstan demonstrates a steady rise in BC incidence alongside a reduction in mortality and improvements in early diagnosis. These trends affirm the effectiveness of screening programs and oncologic care, although the stable rate of stage IV diagnoses highlights the need to eliminate barriers to timely medical consultation.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from pathogenic variants in the DMD gene, one of the most significant and most mutation-prone genes in the human genome. Although global mutation registries are well developed, genetic data from Central Asian populations remain extremely limited, leaving essential gaps in regional epidemiology and in the understanding of genotype–phenotype patterns. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with genetically confirmed dystrophinopathy in Kazakhstan. Variants were identified using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for exon-level copy number alterations and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with Sanger confirmation for sequence-level changes. All variants were classified under ACMG guidelines. Statistical modelling incorporated mutation-class grouping, exon-hotspot mapping, reading-frame status, CPK stratification, chi-squared association testing, Spearman correlations, Kaplan–Meier ambulation survival curves, and multivariable logistic and Cox regression. Results: multi-exon deletions were the predominant mutation class, with a marked concentration within the canonical hotspot spanning exons 44–55. Recurrent deletions affecting exons 46–50 and 45–50 appeared in several unrelated patients. NGS confirmed severe protein-truncating variants, including p. Lys1049* and p. Ser861Ilefs*7. Phenotypic severity followed a consistent hierarchy: hotspot-associated deletions and early truncating variants showed the earliest loss of ambulation, whereas splice-site variants and duplications demonstrated the mildest courses. CPK levels correlated with the extent of genomic involvement, though extreme elevations did not consistently predict early functional decline. Regression models identified hotspot localization and out-of-frame effect as independent predictors of ambulation loss. Conclusions: This study provides the first statistically modelled characterisation of DMD gene mutations in Kazakhstan. While the mutational landscape largely mirrors global patterns, notable variability in clinical severity suggests the presence of population-specific modifiers. Integrating comprehensive molecular diagnostics with statistical-genetics approaches enhances prognostic accuracy and supports the development of mutation-targeted therapeutic strategies in Central Asia.

The persistent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates novel antiviral strategies. This study evaluated the anti-HIV prodrugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2, assessing key pharmacological indices (CC₅₀, EC₅₀, cytostatic effect, and therapeutic window). In vitro screening in Vero E6 cells measured cytotoxicity (via CCK-8/MTT assays) and antiviral activity against Kazakh B.1 and Wuhan strains. TDF (50 µg/mL) reduced high viral loads (MOI 2) by ~2 log₁₀ (100% inhibition), with minimal cytotoxicity (≥75% viability). TAF achieved near-complete suppression (100% inhibition) at 50 µg/mL, exhibiting dose-dependent inhibition (68–100%) at lower viral loads (MOI 0.01). Both prodrugs showed enhanced antiviral activity with prolonged exposure (96 h). Synergy assessments demonstrated favourable combination indices (CI < 1). Electron microscopy confirmed virion integrity post-treatment. These findings highlight TDF and TAF as promising candidates against SARS-CoV-2, with particular potential for targeting lymphoid reservoirs—sites implicated in persistent viral reservoirs that may contribute to long COVID pathogenesis. Further clinical validation is warranted.

Background/Objectives: Long-run facility-level perinatal data from Central Asia are scarce. We described eleven years of stillbirth, neonatal, infant and perinatal mortality at one tertiary maternity center in Kazakhstan, and used the Birthweight and Age-at-death Boxes for Intervention and Evaluation System (BABIES) matrix to locate where feto-infant deaths concentrated. Methods: Retrospective ecological analysis of aggregated annual institutional records, 2015–2025: 102,481 total births, 101,544 live births, 937 stillbirths and 489 infant deaths. Rates were modeled by Poisson regression with the log birth denominator as offset, refitted as quasi-Poisson and negative binomial. Composite feto-infant mortality (antenatal and intrapartum stillbirth plus death at 0–27 days, per 1000 total births in each birthweight band) was examined by direct standardization and Kitagawa decomposition, using the nine years whose matrix cells reconciled with the registry. The study was not preregistered. Results: Infant mortality fell from 7.07 to 3.57 per 1000 live births (rate ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.33–0.77) and stillbirth from 10.07 to 5.42 per 1000 total births (0.54, 0.38–0.76), an average annual decline near 8% for neonatal and infant mortality. Antenatal stillbirth declined; no clear change was detected for intrapartum stillbirth (1.11 to 1.04 per 1000; 0.94, 0.38–2.32). Births below 2500 g were 5.9% of all births but 71.1% of composite feto-infant deaths (rate ratio 39). Decomposition placed the reduction within birthweight bands rather than in the birthweight distribution, in single-year and pooled-period versions. Conclusions: The design is ecological and descriptive: it shows where feto-infant deaths are concentrated, not why. Intrapartum stillbirth and births below 2500 g are the groups in which any further reduction would have to be found.

Kazakhstan became one of the few cohorts of countries that were able to produce its one vaccine against the COVID-19 virus. This fact showed the way of new development paths in the biotechnological direction, especially, since the current situation in the world. Kazakhstan’s location allows its biotechnological development to attract not only academic but also investment interests to make everything possible for producing not only vaccines against the SARS-COV2 virus but also to make biotechnological oriented drug development and antiviral drug production. Also, this article gives the generalized view on current clinical success in combating COVID-19 using novice approaches in biotechnological advancement like humanized IgG ‘Xenomice’ technology in hybridoma technology - REG N10987, produced from transgenic mice and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients [1-3]as well as in human recombinant IgG derived from monoclonal B-cells via Phage display- CT-P59 scFv phage display library generated from cells of a convalescent SARS patient [4]. Along with ‘classical monoclonal IgG LY-CoV555, human Antibody gene cloning of B cells from a COVID-19 patient [5,30]. All these three ‘antivirals’ are already used and approved by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) clinically and demonstrate trustworthy therapeutic effects. The biggest upper hand of these approaches is that they can be used not only against the COVID-19 virus but also against various receptor-dependent disorders like lupus or some types of cancer and/or malignant tumors. Last three decades, two main approaches or methods became headliners in research and clinical implementation Hybridoma (B-cell-fusion with ‘immortal’ myeloma cells), and recombination technologies – bound with phage display technologies.