The objective of this study was to document an experience of training community environmental leaders in the context of sustainable development in localities surrounding the Chautengo Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. Specifically, we explored the epistemological, theoretical, deontological, and pedagogical–didactic components that must be considered when designing a training process for community environmental leaders in rural contexts. A mixed, descriptive, transversal approach was used to articulate scientific knowledge with local knowledge. Twelve semi-structured interviews identified potential environmental leaders, while nineteen surveys assessed training needs. Subsequently, a tailored capacity-building program was designed, implemented, and evaluated, which assessed empirical knowledge of communities and sustainable practices. A total of 19 leaders with organizational and mobilization skills were trained, successfully engaging 1500 people in an environmental cleanup campaign. The program covered key topics such as sustainable development management, environmental education for sustainability, and local governance, resulting in the formation of an environmental advocacy committee. Participants rated the program positively for its design (90%), content, materials, facilitator performance (71%), and duration (67%). This study contributes to the understanding of community environmental leadership in Latin America highlighting the value of local knowledge as a tool for environmental governance and sustainable social change. Our findings suggest that strengthening community leadership with participatory methodologies can improve environmental awareness, community resilience, and long-term ecological conservation. The program can be replicated in vulnerable communities in other contexts and positively impact local governance.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management presents a significant challenge for traditional separation practices, due to a considerable increase in quantity, diversity, complexity of types of solid waste, and a high demand for accuracy in classification. Image recognition and classification of waste using computer vision techniques allow for optimizing administration and collection processes with high precision, achieving intelligent management in separation and final disposal, mitigating environmental impact, and contributing to sustainable development objectives. This research consisted of evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of four Convolutional Neural Network models for MSW detection, using a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. To this end, the models YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8-nano, and YOLOv9-tiny were trained, and their performance was compared in terms of precision, inference speed, and resource usage in an embedded system with a custom dataset of 1883 organic and inorganic waste images, labeled with Roboflow by delimiting the area of interest for each object. Image preprocessing was applied, with resizing to 640 × 640 pixels and contrast auto-adjustments. Training considered 85% of images and testing considered 15%. Each training stage was conducted over 100 epochs, adjusting configuration parameters such as learning rate, weight decay, image rotation, and mosaics. The precision results obtained were as follows: YOLOv4-tiny, 91.71%; YOLOv7-tiny, 91.34%; YOLOv8-nano, 93%; and YOLOv9-tiny, 92%. Each model was applied in an embedded system with an HQ camera, achieving an average of 86% CPU usage and an inference time of 1900 ms. This suggests that the models are feasible for application in an intelligent container for classifying organic and inorganic waste, ensuring effective management and promoting a culture of environmental care in society.

The coastal lagoons have an important function in the regulation of the biogeochemical cycles and supply of natural resources for the entire region, which are highly valued by the population. Our research presents a socio-environmental analysis of the Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero, with a socio-ecosystem approach, based on a workshop to fill out the structural analysis matrix and an expert judgment. The information obtained was analyzed with the methods of structural analysis and the MICMAC tool. We identified the variables with the greatest influence and dependence on the system; environmental education stood out as a highly determinant, and quality of life, solid waste, social capital, and deforestation stood out as dependent variables. The findings indicate that the origin of the socio-environmental deterioration of the area lies in the corruption of the authorities and in weak governance and governability. Resumen: Las lagunas costeras tienen una función importante en la regulación de ciclos biogeoquímicos y en el suministro de recursos naturales a escala regional, los cuales son altamente valorados por la población. Nuestra investigación presenta un análisis socioambiental de la Laguna de Tres Palos, Guerrero, con un enfoque socioecosistémico a partir de un taller para el llenado de la matriz de análisis estructural y un juicio de expertos. La información obtenida se analizó con los métodos de análisis estructural y la herramienta MICMAC. Identificamos las variables con mayor influencia y dependencia del sistema; sobresalió la educación ambiental como altamente determinante, y destacaron calidad de vida, residuos sólidos, capital social y deforestación como variables dependientes. Los hallazgos apuntan a que el origen del deterioro socioambiental de la zona radica en la corrupción de las autoridades y en la débil gobernanza y gobernabilidad. Résumé: Las lagunes côtières jouent un rôle fondamental pour la régulation des cycles géo biochimiques et pour les ressources naturelles régionales qui sont grandement valorisées par la population. Notre recherche présente une analyse socio-environnementale de la lagune de Tres Palos au Guerrero à partir d'une approche socio-écosystémique sur la base d'un atelier destiné à remplir une matrice d'analyse structurelle et une opinion d'expert. L'information obtenue fut analysée suivant les méthodes de l'analyse structurelle et l'outil MICMAC. Nous avons identifié les variables qui ont le plus d'influence et de dépendance sur le système ; l’éducation à l'environnement s'est avérée être un facteur déterminant, avec la qualité de vie, les déchets solides, le capital social et la déforestation comme variable dépendantes. Les résultats suggèrent que la cause première de la détérioration socio-environnementale dans la région réside dans la corruption des autorités et la faiblesse de la gouvernance et de la gouvernabilité.

Las relaciones de contigüidad de las comunidades con lagunas y manglares generan múltiples impactos que es necesario conocer y analizar para el diseño de estrategias de atención en el marco de los ODS 2030. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los principales problemas socioambientales en Pico del Monte-laguna de Chautengo, Guerrero. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto concurrente de tipo exploratorio. Incluyó una revisión documental, una inmersión en el área de estudio y percepción con la aplicación de encuestas (N = 65) y entrevistas a profundidad (N = 65); además, se analizó la cobertura del manglar utilizando los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Los resultados mostraron que la comunidad de Pico del Monte presenta un crecimiento poblacional desordenado que la ha llevado a impactar la laguna de Chautengo. Los problemas socioambientales percibidos por la población son sobrepesca, contaminación por residuos sólidos urbanos y deforestación en la zona de manglar. Se concluye que la carencia de cultura ambiental, la falta de planeación territorial y servicios básicos, la poca aplicación de políticas públicas, y la ausencia de alternativas laborales provocan un deterioro en los ecosistemas y limitan el logro de los ODS 2030 en la comunidad.

To alleviate soil compaction, subsoiling practices using subsoiler implements are commonly implemented. However, subsoiler bodies are subjected to great draft forces because they work deep in the soil. Therefore, to contribute to draft force reduction, in this work, a bio-inspired attack edge for a subsoiler body based on the internal and external contour lines of the claws of the Mexican ground squirrel (Spermophilus mexicanus) is proposed. As a first step, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling was used to select the best bionic subsoiler (BS) according to the draft force requirements. Then, the BS was fabricated and field-evaluated, and its real draft force during tillage was contrasted with those of a curve subsoiler (CS) and a straight subsoiler (SS). The field evaluation demonstrated that the BS demands, on average, $12.37\%$ and $22.25\%$ less draft force than the CS and SS, respectively. Additionally, the BS was better at entering the soil since its mean tillage depths were $24.86\%$ and $5.73\%$ higher than those of the SS and CS geometries, respectively. Therefore, it was found that modeling the attacking edge of a subsoiler body after the Mexican ground squirrel clearly reduced the draft force during tillage.

In Latin America, the energy crisis has worsened due to the dependence on energy services and fossil fuel imports from highly industrialized countries at prices established by the international market; this is particularly relevant to the construction industry, which presents a significant deficit in optimal energy consumption. Hence, some governments have established public policies to maximize the efficiency of these services and, at the same time, minimize the carbon footprint. In this research study, we reviewed the public policies, strategies, and incentives for energy efficiency (EE) implementation in the residential sector established by the Mexican government. A scoping review methodology was chosen and implemented in the following steps: 1. Research inquiry identification. 2. Determination of the relevant literature and studies. 3. The literature selection. 4. Data graphing. 5. Results collection, overview, and submission. In this systematic review, we identified five mandatory standards (NOM-008-ENER-2001, NOM-009-ENER-2014, NOM-018-ENER-2011, NOM-020-ENER-2011, and NOM-024-ENER-2012), six optional standards, four strategies (Green Mortgage, Integral Sustainable Improvement in Existing Housing, ECOCASA, and NAMA), and three kinds of incentives (green bonds, credit and interest rates (Green Mortgage, FIDE, and Ecocasa), and taxes (Income Tax Reduction)). As a result of the implementation of the above, as of December 2020, NAMA financed 5106 developers of 38 projects in 15 states; contributed to a reduction of 126,779 tons of CO₂; and aided 19,913 people. From 2013 to December 2023, EcoCasa subsidized 71,440 households for a total of 224 projects in 25 states; contributed to a reduction of 2.6 million tons of CO₂; aided 285,760 Mexicans; and issued EcoCasa certificates for 3,473,556 m². The results of the EE indicators in residential buildings showed an increase in the housing unit number as well as an increase in household appliances, with those based on power consumption prevailing. The residential sector ranks third in power consumption in Mexico, consuming an estimated 790 pj, of which 76% corresponds to thermal energy and 24% to electric power. Among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico has achieved an Energy Transition Index of 62%.