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Dr. José Álvarez-García
Financial Economy and Accounting Department, Faculty of Business, Finance and Tourism, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain

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1 Higher Education
1 Operations Management
1 Regional Development
1 Scopus
1 SPSS Statistics

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Scopus
bibliometric analysis
WoS
Quality Management System
Higher Education
Regional Development
water management
SEM Analysis
water governance

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Short Biography

Financial Economy and Accounting Department, Faculty of Business, Finance and Tourism, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; [email protected] and [email protected]

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Journal article
Published: 15 August 2021 in Land
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The tourism program “Pueblos Mágicos” was created in 2001 by the Mexican Secretary of Tourism (Sectur), together with its brand, with the aim of promoting tourism by preserving secular and ancestral traditions, as well as revitalizing cities and towns that make great efforts to protect and safeguard their cultural wealth. In this context, the aim of this research work is to show the current state of scientific research carried out within the context of the Magic Towns of Mexico. The work methodology is based on the bibliometric analysis of the scientific production indexed in two main international databases: Web of Science and Scopus. The application of this technique will make it possible to obtain a scientific mapping of the production (growth, researchers in the subject, production impact through the number of citations, network analysis, etc.), with the aim of observing the evolution in the generation of knowledge regarding this tourism development tool that acts as a distinctive brand for tourism in Mexico. This mapping is useful for researchers as it provides information on the research carried out so far, allowing them to identify gaps to work on in their future research work. The systematic search process identified 52 articles. The results indicate that the research carried out in this context is incipient, with few researchers addressing the subject on a continuous basis and most of them being transient researchers with a single article. Most of the research was approached from the perspective of cultural heritage, cultural resources, inherited resources, cultural tourism, public policy, local development and sustainable tourism, and sustainable development. In light of the number of articles published, all of these can be considered to be incipient lines of research.

ACS Style

Martha B. Flores-Romero; Miriam E. Pérez-Romero; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Bibliometric Mapping of Research on Magic Towns of Mexico. Land 2021, 10, 852 .

AMA Style

Martha B. Flores-Romero, Miriam E. Pérez-Romero, José Álvarez-García, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Bibliometric Mapping of Research on Magic Towns of Mexico. Land. 2021; 10 (8):852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martha B. Flores-Romero; Miriam E. Pérez-Romero; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. 2021. "Bibliometric Mapping of Research on Magic Towns of Mexico." Land 10, no. 8: 852.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Energies
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The consumption of renewable energy has become a substitute for fossil fuels to mitigate environmental degradation. However, this substitution of energy raises many questions regarding its possible impact on economic growth. In this context, this research aims to examine the long-term relationship between economic growth and financial development, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, and human capital in 16 Latin American countries. Panel data techniques during the period 1988–2018 and statistical information compiled by the World Bank and Penn Word Table databases were used. Second-generation econometric techniques (cross-sectionally augmented Dickey–Fuller (CADF) and cross-sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS) were used in the work methodology, which allow the presence of cross-sectional dependence between sections to be controlled. The main results indicate that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between financial development, non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, human capital, and economic growth. The results show that the consumption of renewable energy does not compromise economic growth; the 1% increase in renewable energy consumption is related to the 1% increase in economic growth. The policy implications suggest some measures to ensure economic growth considering the role of green energy and human capital.

ACS Style

Pablo Ponce; José Álvarez-García; Johanna Medina; María del Río-Rama. Financial Development, Clean Energy, and Human Capital: Roadmap towards Sustainable Growth in América Latina. Energies 2021, 14, 3763 .

AMA Style

Pablo Ponce, José Álvarez-García, Johanna Medina, María del Río-Rama. Financial Development, Clean Energy, and Human Capital: Roadmap towards Sustainable Growth in América Latina. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Ponce; José Álvarez-García; Johanna Medina; María del Río-Rama. 2021. "Financial Development, Clean Energy, and Human Capital: Roadmap towards Sustainable Growth in América Latina." Energies 14, no. 13: 3763.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2021 in Mathematics
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In the present paper, we test the benefit of using Markov-Switching models and volatility futures diversification in a Euro-based stock portfolio. With weekly data of the Eurostoxx 50 (ESTOXX50) stock index, we forecasted the smoothed regime-specific probabilities at T + 1 and used them as the weighting method of a diversified portfolio in ESTOXX50 and ESTOSS50 volatility index (VSTOXX) futures. With the estimated smoothed probabilities from 9 July 2009 to 29 September 2020, we simulated the performance of three theoretical investors who paid different trading costs and invested in ESTOXX50 during calm periods (low volatility regime) or VSTOXX futures and the three-month German treasury bills in distressed or highly distressed periods (high and extreme volatility regimes). Our results suggest that diversification benefits hold in the short-term, but if a given investor manages a two-asset portfolio with ESTOXX50 and our simulated portfolios, the stock portfolio’s performance is enhanced significantly, in the long term, with the presence of trading costs. These results are of use to practitioners for algorithmic and active trading applications in ESTOXX50 ETFs and VSTOXX futures.

ACS Style

Oscar De la Torre-Torres; Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa; José Álvarez-García. A Markov-Switching VSTOXX Trading Algorithm for Enhancing EUR Stock Portfolio Performance. Mathematics 2021, 9, 1030 .

AMA Style

Oscar De la Torre-Torres, Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa, José Álvarez-García. A Markov-Switching VSTOXX Trading Algorithm for Enhancing EUR Stock Portfolio Performance. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (9):1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oscar De la Torre-Torres; Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa; José Álvarez-García. 2021. "A Markov-Switching VSTOXX Trading Algorithm for Enhancing EUR Stock Portfolio Performance." Mathematics 9, no. 9: 1030.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Energies
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Gasoline produced in Mexico by the productive company of the state Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) mainly uses oil-derived ethers as oxygenators to reach the Mexican Regulatory ‘Framework’s octane number. An alternative to complying with these regulations could be to use bioethanol as an oxygenate. However, as a gasoline component, this could affect ‘Mexico’s food markets since sugar cane, and grains are the primary inputs for local production. The main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the use of bioethanol, produced from corn stubble, as an additive in gasoline produced by Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) is profitable in Mexico, from the perspective of the evaluation of the supply chain and the finances. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the definition of the advantages and limitations for the existence of a second-generation bioethanol market produced from Lignocellulosic corn biomass and integrated into the gasoline market of national production in Mexico. The work starts with theoretical research to define the use of corn stubble as raw material, set up on its availability and feasibility determined based on a geographic information system (GIS), through the use of the agricultural production forecast approach, as well as the integration of costs and financial analysis. The results show that corn stubble bioethanol production is technically viable, but the production cost is not competitive yet. Although its price is not yet competitive compared to the imported price, using a fiscal incentive scheme and considering the decrease in energy dependence, it would be feasible to produce it in Mexico.

ACS Style

Adrián Bautista-Herrera; Francisco Ortiz-Arango; José Álvarez-García. Profitability Using Second-Generation Bioethanol in Gasoline Produced in Mexico. Energies 2021, 14, 2294 .

AMA Style

Adrián Bautista-Herrera, Francisco Ortiz-Arango, José Álvarez-García. Profitability Using Second-Generation Bioethanol in Gasoline Produced in Mexico. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián Bautista-Herrera; Francisco Ortiz-Arango; José Álvarez-García. 2021. "Profitability Using Second-Generation Bioethanol in Gasoline Produced in Mexico." Energies 14, no. 8: 2294.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Mathematics
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The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the causes and effects of tourism competitiveness, as well as cause–effect relationships from the perspective of two groups of experts, which are decision makers versus academics/researchers, both from the tourism sector. The purpose is to respond to the question: do decision makers in the tourism sector share the same perspective as academics/researchers regarding the relationship between the causes and effects of tourism competitiveness? The methodology used is the theory of expertons, the theory of forgotten effects and the Hamming distance. It was found that in most cases, the groups of experts share perspective, since their differences are small or non-existent. However, in all the relationships analyzed (cause–effect, cause–cause, and effect–effect), academic experts reported the highest assessment. The greatest difference in opinion is identified in the evaluation of the “Environmental Commitment” and “Tourist Demand” relationship. Decision makers in the tourism sector are ignoring the growing inclination and sensitivity that tourists are adopting towards the environment. It is necessary for the tourism sector to develop and consolidate its commitment to caring for and preserving the environment, which is an element that contributes to a destination’s competitiveness and has two main effects: tourism demand and customer satisfaction.

ACS Style

Martha Flores-Romero; Miriam Pérez-Romero; José Álvarez-García; María del Río-Rama. Fuzzy Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Causes and Effects of Tourism Competitiveness. Mathematics 2021, 9, 777 .

AMA Style

Martha Flores-Romero, Miriam Pérez-Romero, José Álvarez-García, María del Río-Rama. Fuzzy Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Causes and Effects of Tourism Competitiveness. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (7):777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martha Flores-Romero; Miriam Pérez-Romero; José Álvarez-García; María del Río-Rama. 2021. "Fuzzy Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Causes and Effects of Tourism Competitiveness." Mathematics 9, no. 7: 777.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Forests
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Deforestation shows the constant environmental degradation that occurs worldwide as a result of the growth of economic activity and the increase in population. This research examines the causal link between renewable energy consumption, GDP, GDP2, non-renewable energy price, population growth and forest area in high, middle- and low-income countries. Based on data obtained from World Development Indicators, the autoregressive distributed lag model, with a time series, is used to examine the long-term cointegration relationship between the variables. The results justify the existence of a joint long-term relationship between the variables analysed for the middle-income countries and low-income countries. When the forest area is not at its equilibrium level, the speed of adjustment is slow (0.44% and 8.7%), which is typical of the nature of this natural resource. An increase in the consumption of renewable energy is associated with an increase between 0.04 and 0.02 square kilometres of forest cover, respectively. The research does not show evidence about the equilibrium relationship in the short term. Growth in renewable energy consumption is one of the main drivers for preserving the forest area. Therefore, those responsible for making economic policies must aim their measures towards the use of clean energy.

ACS Style

Pablo Ponce; María Del Río-Rama; José Álvarez-García; Cristiana Oliveira. Forest Conservation and Renewable Energy Consumption: An ARDL Approach. Forests 2021, 12, 255 .

AMA Style

Pablo Ponce, María Del Río-Rama, José Álvarez-García, Cristiana Oliveira. Forest Conservation and Renewable Energy Consumption: An ARDL Approach. Forests. 2021; 12 (2):255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Ponce; María Del Río-Rama; José Álvarez-García; Cristiana Oliveira. 2021. "Forest Conservation and Renewable Energy Consumption: An ARDL Approach." Forests 12, no. 2: 255.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Mathematics
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The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of income inequality on the homicide rate. The study is carried out in 18 Latin American countries for the period 2005–2018. The methodology used is the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model and the data were obtained from World Development Indicators, the World Health Organization and the Inter-American Development Bank. Thus, the dependent variable is the homicide rate and the independent variable is income inequality. In addition, some control variables are included, such as: poverty, urban population rate, unemployment, schooling rate, spending on security and GDP per capita, which improve the consistency of the model. The results obtained through GLS model determine that inequality has a negative and significant effect on the homicide rate for high-income countries (HIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), whereas it is positive and significant for upper-middle-income countries (UMIC). On the other hand, the control variables show different results by group of countries. In the case of unemployment, it is not significant in any group of countries. Negative spatial dependence was found regarding spatial models such as: the spatial lag (SAR) and spatial error (SEM) method. In the spatial Durbin model (SDM), positive spatial dependence between the variables was corroborated. However, spatial auto-regressive moving average (SARMA) identified no spatial dependence. Under these results it is proposed: to improve productivity, education and improve the efficiency of security-oriented resources.

ACS Style

Pablo Ponce; José Álvarez-García; Mary Cumbicus; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America. Mathematics 2021, 9, 245 .

AMA Style

Pablo Ponce, José Álvarez-García, Mary Cumbicus, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (3):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Ponce; José Álvarez-García; Mary Cumbicus; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. 2021. "Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America." Mathematics 9, no. 3: 245.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Land
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The world’s cultural and natural heritage has been gradually affected by climate change, and although the research agendas of many countries have included this reality since 2003, there is still an incipient approach to it, with analysis techniques used being limited. In addition, there are very few case studies that describe in detail the adaptation processes of spaces to these new conditions. The aim of this research is to identify the scientific production related to the impact of climate change on cultural and natural heritage indexed in the international databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), which will enable to establish maturity of the research on this subject. The methodology used for the analysis of the data obtained is bibliometric analysis; evaluative and relational measures are applied to a set of 78 articles (45 in Scopus and 33 in WoS) and to a joint base of 47 articles after deleting those articles that overlap in both databases. The result is a scientific mapping that enables observing of the evolution of knowledge generation in this field of study. The main findings show that research is incipient, with a large presence of transient authors with a single publication, the research is limited to the geographical scope of Europe and North America, neglecting many other areas, the impact which is measured by the citation of articles is very low, the relational measures corroborate that the thematic approach is new by identifying a high presence of isolated relationships among authors. The results obtained will be very useful for researchers working in this scientific area, as they can find a synthesis of scientific production in this document, allowing them to draw their own conclusions regarding the current gaps in research; constituting the starting point of their research, with the aim of filling these gaps.

ACS Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Amador Durán-Sánchez. Scientific Mapping on the Impact of Climate Change on Cultural and Natural Heritage: A Systematic Scientometric Analysis. Land 2021, 10, 76 .

AMA Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo, José Álvarez-García, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama, Amador Durán-Sánchez. Scientific Mapping on the Impact of Climate Change on Cultural and Natural Heritage: A Systematic Scientometric Analysis. Land. 2021; 10 (1):76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Amador Durán-Sánchez. 2021. "Scientific Mapping on the Impact of Climate Change on Cultural and Natural Heritage: A Systematic Scientometric Analysis." Land 10, no. 1: 76.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Water
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Two of the greatest challenges that threaten sustainable development are the water supply crisis together with the control of water resources pollution. The United Nations recognises that the right to safe drinking water and sanitation is an essential right, and states are called upon to intensify their efforts to provide the entire population with affordable access to safe drinking water. However, due to population growth and climate change, water resources are under great pressure, producing millions of cubic metres of wastewater. Due to the near impossibility of increasing water supply in a natural way, the importance of wastewater management as a method has grown in recent years, which, although it is not to increase the amount of this resource, but to facilitate its successive use before its final return to the sea. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis regarding the production and impact of the scientific research related to wastewater management indexed in the WoS and Scopus databases. The purpose is to know key aspects such as the progression of production over the years, maturity in research, coverage of the subject, identifying the most discussed topics and therefore identifying the gaps, the most relevant authors and the core of journals through which knowledge in this area is disseminated, as well as its impact through the analysis of citations. This analysis can help future researchers in this field by providing an overview of the current literature that helps them identify new research approaches to position their own work and identify the most relevant authors in this field. Likewise, a comparison is made on coverage and overlap between the two main international databases WoS and Scopus. From the analysis of the 211 articles selected through an advanced search by terms with a time limit set in 2018, it is concluded that we are facing a very incipient field of knowledge that has aroused great interest since 2010, with about half of the articles published in the period 2012–2018. Although WoS and Scopus differ in general terms in scope and coverage policies, both systems are complementary and not exclusive. In the specific area of wastewater management, Scopus is the base that provides the best coverage taking into account the number of articles published and the number of citations received.

ACS Style

Amador Durán-Sánchez; José Álvarez-García; Encarnación González-Vázquez; María De La Cruz Del Del Río-Rama. Wastewater Management: Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Literature. Water 2020, 12, 2963 .

AMA Style

Amador Durán-Sánchez, José Álvarez-García, Encarnación González-Vázquez, María De La Cruz Del Del Río-Rama. Wastewater Management: Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Literature. Water. 2020; 12 (11):2963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amador Durán-Sánchez; José Álvarez-García; Encarnación González-Vázquez; María De La Cruz Del Del Río-Rama. 2020. "Wastewater Management: Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Literature." Water 12, no. 11: 2963.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Mathematics
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Trained human capital is a source of incalculable resources, with an impact on the results of companies. For this reason, companies must carefully consider three aspects: empowerment with the consideration of the cognitive state of their collaborators; training and compensation; and fluidity in information sharing. Although granting empowerment to collaborators has been shown to be beneficial for organizations, its adoption has not been popularized. Therefore, it remains a construct that needs to be studied and understood, considering that it is influenced by the organizational culture of companies. In this research, the main objective was to examine the factor structure of the empowerment scale from the perspective of the owner or manager of the micro, small and medium-sized companies of Guanajuato, Mexico; using the dimensions of psychological empowerment; fluidity in information sharing; as well as training and compensation. The methodology is based on the Mathematical Economy; application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. This investigation used an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the proposed measurement scale. The sample is made up of 222 valid questionnaires. The CFA provided evidence that the model that best fits the data is a second-order model made up of two dimensions: self-efficacy and influence on the company’s results, which carry the psychological empowerment construct. These results make clear that although information is necessary to train human capital, cognitive variables are more important in the empowerment of human capital.

ACS Style

María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Martha Ríos-Manríquez; José Álvarez-García; María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández. An Empowerment Scale Analysis of Mexican MSMEs: Modeling with Covariance Structures. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1817 .

AMA Style

María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama, Martha Ríos-Manríquez, José Álvarez-García, María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández. An Empowerment Scale Analysis of Mexican MSMEs: Modeling with Covariance Structures. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (10):1817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Martha Ríos-Manríquez; José Álvarez-García; María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández. 2020. "An Empowerment Scale Analysis of Mexican MSMEs: Modeling with Covariance Structures." Mathematics 8, no. 10: 1817.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2020 in Mathematics
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Market diversification is one of the keys to success in the new era of world trade. Highly competitive countries have accomplished positive and sustained growth rates by not depending on a single market for their exports and imports. In Mexico, on the contrary, 80% of exports and 45% of imports concentrate in the United States. The South Korean market represents an opportunity for the Mexican economy, as the relationship between the two countries has strengthened in recent decades. This opportunity would promote greater economic growth for both countries if they reached a Free Trade Agreement, as we show in this work. The aim of this research is to assess the complementarity between these countries and estimate their external long-term equilibrium using the Thirlwall trade restriction model. Results confirm the existence of trade complementarity between the two economies and show that these are able to achieve long-term equilibrium in the external sector. Additionally, the Mexican economy would not face balance of payment constraints for growth when trading with South Korea, as it currently does with the United States.

ACS Style

Luis Quintana-Romero; Nam Kwon Mun; Roldán Andrés-Rosales; José Álvarez-García. Trade Complementarity and the Balance of Payments Constraint Hypothesis: A New Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and South Korea. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1708 .

AMA Style

Luis Quintana-Romero, Nam Kwon Mun, Roldán Andrés-Rosales, José Álvarez-García. Trade Complementarity and the Balance of Payments Constraint Hypothesis: A New Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and South Korea. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (10):1708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Quintana-Romero; Nam Kwon Mun; Roldán Andrés-Rosales; José Álvarez-García. 2020. "Trade Complementarity and the Balance of Payments Constraint Hypothesis: A New Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and South Korea." Mathematics 8, no. 10: 1708.

Article
Published: 27 September 2020 in Quality & Quantity
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Digital transformation and technological advances are causing a radical change in communication structures and in the way information is consumed. With rapid development of computing and the Internet, data is generated, recorded, stored and accumulated on a large scale, making it necessary for economic sectors to act quickly in order to adapt their businesses to the online environment and thus, ensure their own survival. The application of Big Data in tourism enables to transform all this data into useful information, so that companies in the sector can define and optimize their strategies in order to increase their profits. This article performs a comparative bibliometric analysis of the presence and impact of scientific production related to Big Data within the area of tourism research indexed in the WoS and Scopus databases. The aim is to know key aspects such as its growth, correlation, citation, coverage, overlap, dispersion or concentration that will support future researchers when they start their work in this emerging field. From the analysis of the 113 articles selected between the two bases through an advanced search for terms with a time limit set in 2019, it can be concluded that this is a new field of knowledge, which has aroused great interest since 2017, publishing about two thirds of the articles during the period 2017–2019. Although WoS and Scopus differ in general terms in scope and coverage policies, both systems are complementary and not exclusive. In the specific area of Big Data and Tourism Research, Scopus is the base that provides better coverage by collecting a higher number of articles and receiving more citations.

ACS Style

José Álvarez-García; Amador Durán-Sánchez; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Biagio Simonetti. Big data and tourism research: measuring research impact. Quality & Quantity 2020, 1 -22.

AMA Style

José Álvarez-García, Amador Durán-Sánchez, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama, Biagio Simonetti. Big data and tourism research: measuring research impact. Quality & Quantity. 2020; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Álvarez-García; Amador Durán-Sánchez; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Biagio Simonetti. 2020. "Big data and tourism research: measuring research impact." Quality & Quantity , no. : 1-22.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Contaduría y Administración
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Las medidas gubernamentales adoptadas para combatir la pandemia paralizan las actividades económicas y afectan los ingresos de la población. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es estimar y analizar los impactos de la COVID-19 en la pobreza de Ecuador utilizando el método de escenarios. Para lo cual, a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) de 2019, se construyó siete escenarios que consideran alternativas en cuanto a la reducción de ingresos de los hogares y se calculó las tasas de pobreza, considerando el enfoque monetario y bajo la metodología utilizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). Los principales resultados muestran que la pobreza en Ecuador podría incrementarse hasta el 27.2%, 29.2% o 34.7% si los ingresos de los hogares disminuyen en un 5%, 10% o 20% respectivamente.

ACS Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada; Diego Fernando García-Vélez; José Álvarez-García; María Del Cisne Tituaña-Castillo. La COVID-19 y su impacto en la pobreza de Ecuador: método de escenarios. Contaduría y Administración 2020, 65, 211 .

AMA Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada, Diego Fernando García-Vélez, José Álvarez-García, María Del Cisne Tituaña-Castillo. La COVID-19 y su impacto en la pobreza de Ecuador: método de escenarios. Contaduría y Administración. 2020; 65 (5):211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada; Diego Fernando García-Vélez; José Álvarez-García; María Del Cisne Tituaña-Castillo. 2020. "La COVID-19 y su impacto en la pobreza de Ecuador: método de escenarios." Contaduría y Administración 65, no. 5: 211.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Mathematics
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This investigation seeks to explore the importance of agglomeration mechanisms in the location decisions of new manufacturing firms in Ecuador, based on sector and canton level data for the 2000–2010 period. A model is proposed to explore the relative importance of agglomeration mechanisms in location decisions of new manufacturing companies, a regression is performed using instrumental variables, the econometric estimation is developed, and an identification strategy is proposed. The results of the empirical analysis show that the learning mechanism, and history, have a positive and significant impact on the creation of new firms. An increase of 1% in the transfer of knowledge in the industries and cantons of the country is correlated with the increase in the location of new firms in the order of 9.2%. In turn, history has a positive and significant effect on the creation of new firms, in industries and cantons characterized by a past industrial environment. Even when the learning mechanism and history are controlled by provinces, sectors, and cantons, they continue to be the most important determinants of the location of new firms. This evidence could be attributed to the public investment in Ecuadorian industry in recent years. In this sense, the contribution of this work is found in the empirical distinction of the mechanism that favors or inhibits the location decisions of new companies. The analysis was replicated for a three-digit sectorial disaggregation level, to verify whether the agglomeration mechanisms operate differently on a different industrial scale. The results suggested that there were no differences to be considered. When the analysis was done excluding the cantons of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca, given their high representation in terms of the birth of industries and employment, the results were consistent with those previously mentioned. However, it is so only with respect to history, which in this case accounts for 38.8% of the birth of firms; whereas, matching accounts for an order of 38.9% in the period of analysis. This result is explained in the context of the country’s industrial policy.

ACS Style

Tania Paola Torres-Gutiérrez; Ronny Correa-Quezada; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; José Álvarez-García. Location Decisions of New Manufacturing Firms in Ecuador. Agglomeration Mechanisms. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1309 .

AMA Style

Tania Paola Torres-Gutiérrez, Ronny Correa-Quezada, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama, José Álvarez-García. Location Decisions of New Manufacturing Firms in Ecuador. Agglomeration Mechanisms. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (8):1309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tania Paola Torres-Gutiérrez; Ronny Correa-Quezada; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; José Álvarez-García. 2020. "Location Decisions of New Manufacturing Firms in Ecuador. Agglomeration Mechanisms." Mathematics 8, no. 8: 1309.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The aim of this work is to identify community the initiatives anchored to community-based tourism (CBT) in Ecuador with the aim of providing an overview of the current reality of community tourism in the country, in addition to publicizing the product lines under development within community initiatives. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis based on the review of secondary sources, which reflect the reality of the different tourism initiatives related to the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE) at the level of continental Ecuador. FEPTCE groups indigenous, Afro–Ecuadorian, Montubian and mestizo communities, who depend on their territory and have identified tourism as a mechanism to continue living with dignity within these territories, due to the option of economic diversification that is generated. Within the communities that belong to the FEPTCE, living with dignity implies achieving a good quality of life, which is not based on satisfying a series of basic needs, but implies going further, achieving the idea of “Good Living”, that is to say, reaching an appreciation of well-being, based on the conception of the full set of what culture is, in order to generate comprehensive sustainability of its spaces. Among the main results, the distribution and coverage that the FEPTCE has within continental Ecuador regarding community tourism is shown and analyzed. As a formal network of community-based tourism, it is made up of five networks at the regional level and nine at the provincial or cantonal level, which are analyzed in this study. The consolidation of the initiatives launched has been difficult with only 83 of the initial 121 being active and only 18 registered as community tourist centers. This case study shows that in Ecuador the network approach as the first step in the development of the CBT worked. Therefore, the development of the CBT must be approached from a network approach in which indigenous peoples (indigenous, mestizo, Afro-descendant, etc.) participate, administrations, the private sector, civil society, NGOs and tourist destinations, to which they must to join academic institutions by contributing solid data obtained through research that helps tourism development.

ACS Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; María Del Río-Rama; Patricio Noboa-Viñan; José Álvarez-García. Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6256 .

AMA Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo, María Del Río-Rama, Patricio Noboa-Viñan, José Álvarez-García. Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; María Del Río-Rama; Patricio Noboa-Viñan; José Álvarez-García. 2020. "Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6256.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Poverty is one of the main indicators of economic development worldwide, in such a way that one of the Sustainable Development Goals is to eradicate poverty in all its forms worldwide. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of the gross value added (GVA) of tourism on poverty in the 198 contiguous Ecuadorian cantons. The methodology used was the application of a set of spatial econometric models to capture the regional effect of tourism on poverty. Data were obtained from the Central Bank of Ecuador and the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Under-Employment of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). The results show that tourism activities and regional poverty are negatively related; thus, a 1% increase in tourism-related economic activity decreases the regional poverty of the canton itself by 4.31%, and that of neighboring cantons by between 0.7% and 2.4%. The inclusion of the control variables shows that schooling and the mestizo population contribute to reducing the canton’s poverty, since the regions with a high GVA of tourism have high levels of schooling and a mestizo population. Thus, regional poverty increases when the level of schooling increases in neighboring cantons. On the other hand, in cantons with a high Mestizo population, compared to the African-American population, the poverty of the canton and its neighboring regions decreases. Public policy measures which aim at reducing poverty must take into account spatial spills from tourist activity in the cantons.

ACS Style

Pablo Ponce; Nathalie Aguirre-Padilla; Cristiana Oliveira; José Álvarez-García; María Del Río-Rama. The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6138 .

AMA Style

Pablo Ponce, Nathalie Aguirre-Padilla, Cristiana Oliveira, José Álvarez-García, María Del Río-Rama. The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Ponce; Nathalie Aguirre-Padilla; Cristiana Oliveira; José Álvarez-García; María Del Río-Rama. 2020. "The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6138.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Mathematics
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The aim of this research work is to analyze growth and convergence processes in the service sector and its large groups, market, and non-market services, at the regional level in Ecuador by taking the labor productivity variable as a reference. The methodology used is an analysis of distributive dynamics of the data, applying the non-parametric method of Kernel density functions from a mathematical economics approach. The results obtained show that the service sector has non-alarming levels of inequality, its trend over time is increasing. When disaggregating the data, it was observed that non-market services show a rapid growth in inequality. In contrast, market services show greater stability during the period analyzed. Regarding intra-distribution dynamics for the service sector and its subsectors, in the long term, poor regions improve, while rich regions deteriorate. However, deterioration of advanced regions is less intense in non-market services.

ACS Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada; Lucía Cueva-Rodríguez; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Application of the Kernel Density Function for the Analysis of Regional Growth and Convergence in the Service Sector through Productivity. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1234 .

AMA Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada, Lucía Cueva-Rodríguez, José Álvarez-García, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Application of the Kernel Density Function for the Analysis of Regional Growth and Convergence in the Service Sector through Productivity. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (8):1234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronny Correa-Quezada; Lucía Cueva-Rodríguez; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. 2020. "Application of the Kernel Density Function for the Analysis of Regional Growth and Convergence in the Service Sector through Productivity." Mathematics 8, no. 8: 1234.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Mathematics
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In the present paper, we review the use of two-state, Generalized Auto Regressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic Markovian stochastic processes (MS-GARCH). These show the quantitative model of an active stock trading algorithm in the three main Latin-American stock markets (Brazil, Chile, and Mexico). By backtesting the performance of a U.S. dollar based investor, we found that the use of the Gaussian MS-GARCH leads, in the Brazilian market, to a better performance against a buy and hold strategy (BH). In addition, we found that the use of t-Student MS-ARCH models is preferable in the Chilean market. Lastly, in the Mexican case, we found that is better to use Gaussian time-fixed variance MS models. Their use leads to the best overall performance than the BH portfolio. Our results are of use for practitioners by the fact that MS-GARCH models could be part of quantitative and computer algorithms for active trading in these three stock markets.

ACS Style

Oscar V. De La Torre-Torres; Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa; José Álvarez-García. Markov-Switching Stochastic Processes in an Active Trading Algorithm in the Main Latin-American Stock Markets. Mathematics 2020, 8, 942 .

AMA Style

Oscar V. De La Torre-Torres, Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa, José Álvarez-García. Markov-Switching Stochastic Processes in an Active Trading Algorithm in the Main Latin-American Stock Markets. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (6):942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oscar V. De La Torre-Torres; Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa; José Álvarez-García. 2020. "Markov-Switching Stochastic Processes in an Active Trading Algorithm in the Main Latin-American Stock Markets." Mathematics 8, no. 6: 942.

Chapter
Published: 21 March 2020 in Economic Challenges of Pension Systems
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One of the main components of the so-called welfare states is Public Pension Systems, whose analysis provides an image of a country’s politics, economy, demographics and culture. There is now an intense global debate on the future viability and reforms needed to guarantee pension funding, especially in societies with high life expectancy and low birth rates. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to present the current state of scientific production on Public Pension Systems through a comparative bibliometric study of indexed documents in WoS and Scopus databases dealing with aspects such as correlation between growth, coverage, overlap, dispersion and concentration of articles. To do this, and through an advanced search by terms, a representative set of 256 articles until 2015 that formed the ad hoc base of the analysis were selected. In view of the results, the conclusion is that although the WoS and Scopus databases differ in terms of scope, data volume and coverage policies, the documents and the results of their analysis are in many aspects similar with Scopus having greater coverage in the specific area of Public Pension Systems by collecting more journals, papers and signatures.

ACS Style

José Álvarez-García; Amador Durán-Sánchez; Marta Peris-Ortiz; María De De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Public Pension Systems: Bibliometric Study of Academic Publications in Scientific Journals. Economic Challenges of Pension Systems 2020, 1 -32.

AMA Style

José Álvarez-García, Amador Durán-Sánchez, Marta Peris-Ortiz, María De De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. Public Pension Systems: Bibliometric Study of Academic Publications in Scientific Journals. Economic Challenges of Pension Systems. 2020; ():1-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Álvarez-García; Amador Durán-Sánchez; Marta Peris-Ortiz; María De De La Cruz Del Río-Rama. 2020. "Public Pension Systems: Bibliometric Study of Academic Publications in Scientific Journals." Economic Challenges of Pension Systems , no. : 1-32.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2020 in Sustainability
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The objective of this research is to analyze the scientific production indexed in the international Scopus database on the subject of “corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance” in small and medium-sized enterprises. In the literature, it is currently possible to observe how large corporations undertake social responsibility actions as a usual practice. However, in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises, the reality is different due to their high heterogeneity. To fulfil the proposed objective, a bibliometric analysis is carried out, identifying 277 articles on the subject. It is observed that scientific production is concentrated in a period of 18 years (2000–2018), the majority being qualitative studies.

ACS Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Ronny Correa-Quezada. Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in SMEs: Scientific Coverage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2332 .

AMA Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo, José Álvarez-García, María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama, Ronny Correa-Quezada. Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in SMEs: Scientific Coverage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo; José Álvarez-García; María De La Cruz Del Río-Rama; Ronny Correa-Quezada. 2020. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in SMEs: Scientific Coverage." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2332.