Background/Objectives: This study aimed to develop gel nanoemulsions (NEs) of Brazilian essential oils (EOs) from Eugenia uniflora and Psidium guajava, as well as to perform chemical characterization and investigate the antimicrobial activity of the EOs and NEs. Results/Conclusions: The main chemical compounds of E. uniflora EO were curzerene (34.80%) and germacrene B (11.92%), while those of P. guajava EO were β-caryophyllene (25.92%), β-selinene (22.64%), and γ-selinene (19.13%). The NEs of E. uniflora and P. guajava had droplet sizes of 105.30 and 99.50 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values of 0.32 and 0.43, respectively. The NEs remained stable for 30 days of storage at 25 °C, with droplet sizes of 104.7 and 103.8 nm, PDI values below 0.50, and no phase separation. The NE of E. uniflora exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 8.41 to 15.13 mm against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, the NE of E. uniflora showed the largest inhibition zones against Candida albicans (20.97 mm) and Candida krusei (15.20 mm), along with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.54–1.22 mg/mL) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values (4.84–11.02 mg/mL) against these pathogenic yeasts. The NE of P. guajava demonstrated low MIC (1.26 mg/mL) and MBC (11.35 mg/mL) values for C. krusei. The time–growth inhibition assay also suggests the effectiveness of the NE against the tested pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, highlighting its potential as a novel alternative therapeutic agent.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cordia verbenacea essential oil (EOCV) and to develop and characterize a gel-based nanoemulsion of C. verbenacea essential oil (NECV). Methods: The EOCV was chemically characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID and GC-MS). The nanoemulsion was prepared using EOCV, the surfactants Cremophor and Plurol Oleique, and phosphate buffer at pH 5.5, and was subjected to experiments to determine its stability, irritant potential and in vitro skin permeation. Results: The main chemical compounds identified in EOCV were α-pinene (33.05%) and β-caryophyllene (25.11%). The EOCV exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC values ranging from 6.3 to 25.0 µL/mL for the yeasts Candida albicans and C. krusei, 11.3 to 25.0 µL/mL for the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and 12.5 to 75.0 µL/mL for the Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The NECV showed a droplet size of 126.80 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.49, a zeta potential of −18.50 mV and a pH of 5.3 and remained stable for 60 days of storage at 25 °C and 4 °C. The HET-CAM irritation test showed that the formulation is non-irritating. The in vitro skin permeation assay showed that the NECV penetrated the deeper layers of the skin, demonstrating its ability to overcome the Stratum corneum barrier. Conclusions: These results are highly promising regarding the potential use of NECV for topical application for the treatment of infected skin wounds.

Background/Objectives: This study characterized the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistance in 104 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 22 samples of artisanal Minas Frescal cheese from the Federal District, Brazil. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion method and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction methods with specific primers. Results: The highest rates of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance were observed for sulfonamides (85.58%, 89/104) and tetracyclines (38.46%, 40/104). In the genotypic profiles, most E. coli isolates carried the sulfonamide resistance genes sul1/sul2 (62.50%, 65/104), tetracycline resistance genes tetA/tetB (65.38%, 68/104), and β-lactam resistance genes blaCTX-M/blaTEM/blaSHV (55.77%, 58/104). Most E. coli strains that presented sulfonamide resistance genes carried the sul1 gene (49.04%, 51/104) and were phenotypically sulfonamide-resistant strains (59.61%, 62/104). Regarding the E. coli strains that carried tetracycline resistance genes, the majority harbored both tetA and tetB genes (34.61%, 36/104), with 35.56% (37/104) being phenotypically resistant and 29.80% (31/104) being phenotypically susceptible. For E. coli strains that presented β-lactam resistance genes, the most frequently detected gene was blaCTX-M (21.15%, 22/104) and, notably, most E. coli strains (43.26%, 45/104) were phenotypically susceptible. The cat1 and clmA genes (associated with phenicol resistance) were detected in 22.12% of the E. coli isolates (23/104), with only two strains (1.92%) being phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Conclusion: The high prevalence of E. coli carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in artisanal cheese raises public health concerns regarding the dissemination of potentially pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms through the food chain.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de carnes bovinas in natura resfriadas comercializadas em supermercados do Distrito Federal. Foram coletadas 16 amostras, sendo 8 amostras embaladas a vácuo (CA) e 8 amostras embaladas em bandeja de poliestireno envoltas em papel filme (CB). As análises microbiológicas incluíram a determinação de microrganismos mesófilos e psicrotróficos, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Staphylococcus aureus e a pesquisa de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. Além disso, realizou-se o teste de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de E. coli isoladas. Os resultados mostraram que 37,50% (6/16) das amostras ultrapassaram o limite permitido pela legislação brasileira de 2,00 log NMP/g para coliformes termotolerantes, sendo 2 amostras (12,50%) de CV e 4 amostras (25,00%) de CB. Nenhuma amostra apresentou contaminação por Salmonella spp. Em relação a bactéria S. aureus, 10 amostras (62,50%) estavam contaminadas, com contagens entre 2,00 e 2,88 log UFC/g, sendo que 4 amostras (25,00%) eram de CA e 6 amostras (37,50%) eram de CB. Foram confirmadas geneticamente 27 cepas de E. coli e observou-se o maior perfil de resistência antimicrobiana à sulfonamida (48,15%), além de perfis relevantes de resistência e sensibilidade intermediária para amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (48,15%) e sensibilidade intermediária à ciprofloxacina (37,04%). Além disso, 22,22% (6/27) das cepas de E. coli apresentaram um perfil de multirresistência a antimicrobianos, caracterizado pela resistência a pelo menos três classes distintas de antibióticos. Assim, os resultados evidenciam preocupações quanto à qualidade microbiológica em carnes bovinas comercializadas no Distrito Federal, ressaltando a necessidade de melhores práticas sanitárias.

Introduction: Traditionally, the leaves and fruits of ora-pro-nóbis (OPN) are used to relieve inflammation, osteoporosis, iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis, and gastrointestinal disorders

Introduction: Kombucha is a fermented beverage traditionally prepared with green tea and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), known for its health-promoting properties