Introduction: The current food system is associated with negative impacts on health, food insecurity and environmental harm. Sustainable diets have attracted increasing interest and novel proposals with a global scope have emerged. This scoping review aims to give an overview of the analysis of all the available evidence related to the sustainable diet indices that have been developed based on the EAT-Lancet Commission. Methods: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases. This review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The target population were studies addressed the use of an index or metric for assessing sustainable diets based on the EAT-Lancet Commission Summary Report were included. PCC acronym was used in the design of the study to describe eligibility criteria: P (Population)—Indexes; C (Concept)—Sustainable diets; C (Context)—Knowledge on the structure and applicability of measurement indices of sustainable diets based on EAT-Lancet recommendations available in the literature. Study eligibility criteria were restricted to papers published in English, from January 2019 through October 2022, with no population restriction. Results: A total of 1,458 papers were retrieved, 14 of which were included in the review. Seven measures of sustainable diets were identified as follow: EAT-Lancet diet score (ELD-I), New EAT-Lancet diet score (EAT), Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), Sustainable Diet Index (SDI), Sustainable-HEalthy-Diet (SHED), novel Nutrient-Based EAT index (NB-EAT) and World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH). Most studies were conducted in developed countries, where greater adherence to this type of diet was found. Estimated greenhouse gas emissions was the most reported indicator of sustainability, followed by diet quality and the benefits of sustainable diets with regards to health outcomes. Discussion: We identified barriers that hinder progress towards sustainable diets, including the difficulty of comparing different indices and the tendency to neglect social aspects and the lack of common definitions and metrics. Despite being challenge, we highlight the importance of using indices that assess sustainable diets that harmonize various indicators, as recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission, in order to promote positive changes towards a more sustainable future.

Background: The EAT-Lancet diet is a diet aimed at promoting population and planetary health from the perspective of sustainable diets in terms of environmental and health aspects. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults and elderly individuals in a capital city in the northeastern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study from a population-based sample conducted between 2019 and 2020, involving 398 non-institutionalized adults and elderly people, of both sexes from “Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment” study (Brazuca-Natal). There was a 38% response rate due to the suspension of data collection due to the covid-19 pandemic, but According to the comparative analysis of socioeconomic and demographic variables between the surveyed and non-surveyed sectors, losses were found to be random (p = 0.135, Little’s MCAR test). Socioeconomic and lifestyle data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary consumption were collected. We used the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI) for cardiovascular health to assess adherence to the diet’s sustainability. The evaluated cardiometabolic parameters included fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. We also assessed the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. For the data analyses, sample weights and the effect of the study design were taken into account. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of frequencies. Multiple linear regression models assessed the associations between PHDI and CHDI and its components and the cardiometabolic parameters. Results: The mean PHDI was 29.4 (95% CI 28.04:30.81), on a total score ranging from 0 to 150 points and the mean CHDI was 32.63 (95% CI 31.50:33.78), on a total score ranging from 0 to 110 points. PHDI showed a significant positive association with the final CHDI score and components of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and a negative association with Ultra-processed Food (UPF) (p < 0.05). Notably, among the most consumed UPF, the following stand out: “packaged snacks, shoestring potatoes, and crackers” (16.94%), followed by margarine (14.14%). The PHDI exhibited a significant association with diabetes and dyslipidemia, as well as with systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-C. Conclusions: The results suggest that adopting the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with the improvement of key cardiovascular health indicators.

Background: The “EAT-Lancet Commission Summary Report” commission remodeled the concept of healthy and sustainable diets by proposing a “diet for the Anthropocene”, encouraging the development of indices that measure adherence to sustainable diets with a planetary scope. We aimed to report the adherence of adults and elderly people in a northeastern Brazilian capital to the EAT-Lancet recommendations. Methods: We used data from 411 participants in the population-based study. The dietary data were collected with Globodiet, over a standardized 24 h. The diet sustainability data were verified using the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI). A Pearson correlation test verified the correlation between the PHDI and the independent variables. We conducted linear regression models that were adjusted for potential confounding variables to examine the correlation between the adherence to the PHDI and the independent variables. Results: The mean total score for the adherence to the PHDI was 29.4 points in a score with a possible range from 0 to 150. Regarding the component scores, the highest scores in the adequacy component were for fruits, followed by legumes and vegetables, while the lowest scores in the moderation group were for animal fat and red meat. We observed, in the final model, that the explanatory variables for the PHDI were being male and not consuming alcohol, which were directly related to the PHDI, while having 1 to 9 years of study and being food insecure were indirectly related to the score. Conclusions: Our results showed a low adherence to a sustainable eating pattern, far from the EAT-Lancet recommendations.

Introdução: O desperdício de alimentos em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição ocorre em todo o processo produtivo, e uma das formas de quantificá-lo é através do rejeito e índice de resto-ingesta (IR). Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto de uma campanha contra o desperdício de alimentos, realizada em um restaurante universitário, sobre o peso do rejeito e IR das refeições, almoço e jantar. Método: A campanha, junto à clientela do restaurante, ocorreu em abril de 2019, com atividades de sensibilização contra o desperdício de alimentos. Foram coletados dados de peso de preparações distribuídas e do rejeito alimentar, para o cálculo do IR, nos meses anterior e posterior às ações de educação alimentar e ambiental da campanha. Os dados obtidos de peso do rejeito e IR foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e de comparação de médias, considerando p-valor ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Na refeição almoço, a campanha não levou a mudanças estatisticamente significativas sobre o peso do rejeito e do IR. No jantar, entretanto, houve redução estatística significativa (p = 0,02), após a campanha, no rejeito alimentar, com redução média de 8 Kg no rejeito produzido, e no IR (p ≤ 0,001), com redução média de 1,8% no índice. Conclusão: Verificou-se que as ações pontuais de sensibilização desenvolvidas impactaram o comportamento do comensal e reduziram o desperdício de alimentos.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a adesão às recomendações do Guia Alimentar e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos entre adultos e idosos participantes do estudo Brazuca Natal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, com 411 adultos e idosos do município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), selecionados a partir de uma amostra probabilística por conglomerados, em dois estágios (setores censitários e domicílios). A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário eletrônico na plataforma digital Epicollect 5, contendo dados sociodemográficos e uma escala multidimensional para mensuração da adesão às práticas alimentares recomendadas pelo Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira. A escala é composta por 24 perguntas, obedecendo uma escala Likert (discordo fortemente; discordo; concordo; concordo fortemente). O escore final pode variar de 0 a 72 e ser classificado como baixa adesão (< 32 pontos), média adesão (32 a 41 pontos), ou alta adesão ao Guia (> 41 pontos). Para verificar a associação entre a adesão ao Guia com as variáveis sociodemográficas, foi realizada análise múltipla por regressão logística incondicional. RESULTADOS: O escore médio foi de 40,5 (7,9), e a alta adesão ao Guia foi observada em 40,8% (IC95% 30,8–51,5) da população, com associação significativa para o sexo feminino (RP = 1,27; IC95% 1,03–1,55) e pessoas idosas (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,19–1,79). Pessoas que declararam renda per capita mensal inferior a um salário-mínimo obtiveram menor probabilidade de ter alta adesão ao Guia, fator intensificado para aqueles que ganhavam um valor ≤ 1/4 salário-mínimo (RP = 0,47; IC95% 0,32–0,68). CONCLUSÕES: Ser do sexo feminino e ser idoso são condições que predizem maior adesão ao Guia, enquanto possuir uma baixa renda per capita prediz menor adesão na população avaliada. É necessário estabelecer políticas de redução às desigualdades sociais e ações para o maior acesso às práticas alimentares alinhadas ao Guia entre adultos e idosos.

Estudos mostram a associação da alimentação com a saúde cerebral. O alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) é um dos possíveis fatores do risco aumentado para o declínio cognitivo e demência. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um protocolo de revisão sistemática para analisar se existe associação entre o tipo do processamento dos alimentos consumidos com o declínio cognitivo e as demências em adultos e idosos. O presente protocolo da revisão sistemática foi elaborado considerando as recomendações do checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metaanalysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) de 2015. A busca sistemática de literatura será feita nas bases de dados Web Of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Serão incluídos na presente revisão estudos observacionais (coorte, caso-controle e transversal), com abordagem quantitativa, que apresentem em seus resultados a relação entre o tipo de processamento dos alimentos com o declínio cognitivo e a demência, sem limitação das causas. Assim como também, os estudos publicados de forma completa em periódicos científicos. O levantamento bibliográfico preliminar realizado nos apresenta um panorama que responde, parcialmente, nossa pergunta norteadora, em que há associação entre o consumo alimentar pela natureza, extensão e tipo de processamento dos alimentos consumidos com o declínio cognitivo e com as demências por todas as causas, principalmente a Doença de Alzheimer e a Demência Vascular.