Because the waste production is inevitable in almost all industries, the elimination of these wastes is a requirement in terms of environmental regulations and welfare of all the creatures in the future. In this study, the use of the waste pumice stones of a denim washing mill is intended to eliminate the pollutant by a waste material and obtain economic benefits by converting it to the adsorbent. The pollutants in the effluents obtained from three different localisations of waste water treatment system of the same factory were removed through the adsorption. The experimental studies were carried out in three different steps; characterisation of adsorbent before and after adsorption; adsorption isotherm studies and biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements. Characterisation studies showed that the waste pumice has almost the same structural properties with unused one except the existence of some organic residues coming from washing process. The results of adsorption studies conducted at the adsorbent concentrations changing from 5 to 35 g/l revealed that the decolourisation was initial dye-concentration dependent. According to the BOD and COD measurements, the supernatants obtained at the end of adsorption could be assumed as somewhat polluted and this result indicates that the organic impurities other than indigo were also removed through the adsorption.

This study aims to convert composite textile structures composed of nonwoven and woven fabrics produced from cotton–jute wastes into activated carbon textile structures and investigate the possibilities of using them for electromagnetic shielding applications. To this end, the novel contribution of this study is that it shows that directly carbonized nonwoven textile via self-purging microwave pyrolysis can provide Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding without any processing, including cleaning. Textile carbonization is generally achieved with conventional heating methods, using inert gas and long processing times. In the present study, nonwoven fabric from cotton–jute waste was converted into an activated carbon textile structure in a shorter time via microwaves without inert gas. Due to its polar structure, FeCl₃ has been used as a microwave absorbent, providing homogeneous heating in the microwave and acting as an activating agent to serve dual purposes in the carbonization process. The maximum surface area (789.9 m²/g) was obtained for 5% FeCl₃. The carbonized composite textile structure has a maximum of 39.4 dB at 1 GHz of EMI shielding effectiveness for 10% FeCl₃, which corresponds to an excellent grade for general use and a moderate grade for professional use, exceeding the acceptable range for industrial and commercial applications of 20 dB, according to FTTS-FA-003.

Increasing amounts of waste resulting from over-consumption carry substantial risks for human and environmental health, and disposing of this waste requires enormous amounts of energy. As a result, waste-to-wealth and circular economy approaches have gained attention in both academia and the commercial sector in recent years. Accordingly, this study aims to develop electromagnetic shielding materials by converting non-conductive waste textiles into conductive value-added product and porous fabrics by carbonizing the structure itself rather than by adding any conductive particles. To this end, the novel contribution of the present study is that waste textiles were converted into activated carbon in a shorter time and without compromising the integrity of the fibrous network via microwave pyrolysis without inert gas. Sulfuric acid was used as a dehydration and activation agent, suppressing the release of volatile organic substances and eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. This approach also increased product yield and reduced energy consumption and sample shrinkage. The structures of the activated carbon textile showed EMI shielding within 20–30 dB (99.9% attenuation) in the 1–6 GHz frequency range. The maximum SSE/t value of 950.71 dB·cm²·g⁻¹ was obtained with the microwave post-treated activated carbon textile. Micropores were dominant characteristics of these materials, and pore diameters increased with increased acid concentration. The maximum surface area of 383.92 m²/g was obtained with 8% acid. Ultrasound treatment reduced water-energy consumption and cost. Only 5 min of microwave post-treatment increased textile conductivity and thermal stability and contributed positively to electromagnetic shielding.

In this study, the adsorption/desorption behaviours of water vapor on wool, as well as of the redolents, such as acetic acid and benzaldehyde, have been investigated. For this purpose, static and dynamic experiments were carried out. Static experiments were conducted to model stagnant environments. In the experiments, wool came into contact with the material to be adsorbed or dry air and the weight increase/decrease was recorded for a certain period of time. The results obtained showed that the wool adsorbed the benzaldehyde very little, whereas the adsorbed amount and the rate were abundantly increased for acetic acid under the same conditions. From these findings, the adsorption capacity of wool for the redolents was tentatively ranked in accordance with their adsorbed amounts as acetic acid>water>benzaldehyde.

Bu çalışmada kenevir lifinin denim kumaşlarda kullanımı ve ozon ağartma yöntemiyle yıkanması incelenmiştir. Ön yıkama ve ard yıkama işlemi görmüş kumaşlar AF oranı %60 olacak şekilde sert ve yumuşak su ile ıslatılıp, %25, %50, %75 ozon kapasitesinde 5, 10, 15 dakika süreyle ozonlanmıştır. Ardından yapısal özelliklerin tespiti için gramaj ve kalınlık, geçirgenlik özellikleri için hava geçirgenliği, mekanik özellikleri için yırtılma mukavemeti, estetik ve duyusal özellikleri için dairesel eğilme dayanımı ölçeri ile sertlik tayini, renk özellikleri ve sarılık indeksi tespiti için renk ölçümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ham denim kumaşa kıyasla yıkama işlemlerinden sonra gramaj, hava geçirgenliği ve dairesel eğilme dayanımı değerleri azalma göstermiştir. Kumaş yapısı ve pamuk oranının yüksek olması nedeniyle rinse yıkamanın 5 dakikalık işlem süresinde bile liflerin şişerek kumaş yapısını sıklaştırması nedeniyle gramaj testinde rinse yıkama uygulanmış kumaşlarda ağırlık kaybı en azdır. Ham denim kumaşa kıyasla yıkama işlemlerinden sonra denim kumaşların kalınlık, yırtılma mukavemeti, renk farkı ve sarılık değerleri artış göstermiştir.