This study aims to convert composite textile structures composed of nonwoven and woven fabrics produced from cotton–jute wastes into activated carbon textile structures and investigate the possibilities of using them for electromagnetic shielding applications. To this end, the novel contribution of this study is that it shows that directly carbonized nonwoven textile via self-purging microwave pyrolysis can provide Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding without any processing, including cleaning. Textile carbonization is generally achieved with conventional heating methods, using inert gas and long processing times. In the present study, nonwoven fabric from cotton–jute waste was converted into an activated carbon textile structure in a shorter time via microwaves without inert gas. Due to its polar structure, FeCl₃ has been used as a microwave absorbent, providing homogeneous heating in the microwave and acting as an activating agent to serve dual purposes in the carbonization process. The maximum surface area (789.9 m²/g) was obtained for 5% FeCl₃. The carbonized composite textile structure has a maximum of 39.4 dB at 1 GHz of EMI shielding effectiveness for 10% FeCl₃, which corresponds to an excellent grade for general use and a moderate grade for professional use, exceeding the acceptable range for industrial and commercial applications of 20 dB, according to FTTS-FA-003.

As synthetic and nonbiodegradable compounds are becoming a great challenge for the environment, developing polymer electrolytes using naturally occurring biodegradable polymers has drawn considerable research interest to replace traditional aqueous electrolytes and synthetic polymer-based polymer electrolytes. This study shows the development of a highly conducting ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide)-doped corn starch-based polymer electrolyte. A simple solution cast method is used to prepare biopolymer-based polymer electrolytes and characterized using different electrical, structural, and photoelectrochemical studies. Prepared polymer electrolytes are optimized based on ionic conductivity, which shows an ionic conductivity as high as 1.90 × 10^-3 S/cm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the complexation and composite nature, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirm the reduction of crystallinity in biopolymer electrolytes after doping with ionic liquid (IL). Thermal and photoelectrochemical studies further affirm that synthesized material is well stable above 200 °C and shows a wide electrochemical window of 3.91 V. The ionic transference number measurement (t _ion) confirms the predominance of ionic charge carriers in the present system. An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were fabricated by using the highest conducting corn starch polymer electrolyte. The fabricated EDLC and DSSC delivered an average specific capacitance of 130 F/g and an efficiency of 1.73% in one sun condition, respectively.

This study modifies epoxy acrylate to enhance its mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, such as hardness, flexibility, gloss, adhesion, and water/oxygen resistance. Adipic acid (AdAc) and 3-aminotriethoxysilane (ATES) were incorporated into the epoxy acrylate structure, and the resulting oligomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal analysis showed that AdAc-modified epoxy acrylate oligomer-3 (AdAc-MO3) (1.70% AdAc) had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) of 48.2 °C, improving flexibility, while ATES-modified epoxy acrylate oligomer-5 (ATES-MO5) (1.70% ATES) exhibited a higher Tg of 56 °C, enhancing thermal stability. AdAc-MO3 achieved excellent mechanical and barrier performance, with a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 7.46 g/m2day and an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 5.10 g/m2day. Mechanical tests confirmed that AdAc-MO3 balanced hardness and flexibility, passing adhesion and conical mandrel tests without deformation. The encapsulants were tested on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an FTO/Li-TiO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au configuration. After 48 h of stability testing under 60% humidity, 25 °C, and a light intensity of 100 mW/cm2, AdAc-MO3 retained 26.8% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE), compared to 20.5% for the control device. ATES-MO3 retained 56.1% of its initial PCE, outperforming both the control and AdAc-MO3, but its higher cross-linking density reduced adhesion and flexibility, limiting its use in certain encapsulation applications. Visible light curing further improved stability, reducing efficiency loss to 8% compared to 16% with UV curing. These results demonstrate that AdAc-MO3 is a promising encapsulant for PSCs, combining enhanced properties and stability under realistic conditions.

2D perovskite nanoparticles have a great potential for using in optoelectronic devices such as Solar Cells and Light Emitting Diodes within their tuneable optic and structural properties. In this chapter, it is aimed to express “relation between chemical structures and photo-physical behaviours of perovskite nanoparticles and milestones for their electronic applications”. Initially, general synthesis methods of perovskite nanoparticles have been explained. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of the methods have been discussed. After the synthesis, formation of 2D perovskite crystal and effects on shape factor, particle size and uniformity of perovskite have been explained in detail. Beside these, optic properties of luminescent perovskite nanoparticles have been summarized a long with spectral band tuning via size and composition changes. In addition, since their different optical properties and relatively more stable chemical structure under ambient conditions, a comprehensive compilation of opto-electronic applications of 2D perovskite nanoparticles have been prepared.

The study demonstrates that hydroxyl- and ether-functionalized ionic liquids (HOAI and EtAI) interact with the perovskite lattice, directing crystal growth and improving morphology, stability, and photovoltaic performance.