Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 50–70% of patients with dementia, making it the leading cause of dementia. The condition is classified as a neurodegenerative, progressive and incurable disease. The disease is affecting more and more people around the world. AD has a multifactorial nature, spreading from beta-amyloid deposition to inflammation in patients’ brains. Patients experience cognitive impairment and functional decline. Although it is a disease that occurs mainly in the elderly, it is increasingly being diagnosed in young people between the ages of 30 and 40. It not only affects the patient themself but also reduces the quality of life of their closest caregivers. According to the WHO, the treatment of AD consumes USD 1.3 trillion globally, but it is only symptomatic, as there are no drugs to prevent the onset of AD or treat the cause of its onset. Due to the numerous side effects of therapy and the lack of proactive drugs that act on the pathomechanism of AD, alternative therapies are being sought. One possible option that has many studies confirming its effect is phytotherapy. Many herbs have pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or neuroprotective effects, making them the future of cognitive disorders and AD treatment. This review focuses on some of the most promising herbs that have potentially potent properties and effects in AD therapy. These include Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, Berberis and Crocus sativus. These herbs may perhaps be key in the future to make functioning and life easier for patients struggling with AD.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a real gynecological problem among women of reproductive age from 15 to 49. A recent analysis showed that 75% of women will have an occurrence at least once per year, while 5% are observed to have recurrent vaginal mycosis—these patients may become unwell four or more times a year. This pathology is caused in 85–90% of cases by fungi of the Candida albicans species. It represents an intractable medical problem for female patients due to pain and pruritus. Due to the observation of an increasing number of strains resistant to standard preparations and an increase in the recurrence of this pathology when using local or oral preferential therapy, such as fluconazole, an analysis was launched to develop alternative methods of treating VVC using herbs such as dill, turmeric, and berberine. An in-depth analysis of databases that include scientific articles from recent years made it possible to draw satisfactory conclusions supporting the validity of herbal therapy for the pathology in question. Although phytotherapy has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it appears to be a promising therapeutic solution for strains that are resistant to existing treatments. There is research currently undergoing aimed at comparing classical pharmacotherapy and herbal therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis for the purpose of increasing medical competence and knowledge for the care of the health and long-term comfort of gynecological patients.

Endometriosis involves oestrogen-dependent chronic inflammation and the abnormal proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue. Conventional hormonal therapies suppress systemic oestrogen, but do not fully address local oxidative and inflammatory signalling. This review provides a mechanistic synthesis of recent molecular evidence. This evidence is on four FDA-recognized (Food and Drug Administration) medicinal plants. These are Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Silybum marianum. The review highlights their capacity to modulate key intracellular pathways. These pathways are implicated in endometriosis. The review covers the integration of phytochemical-specific actions within NF-κB- (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), COX-2-(Cyclooxygenase-2), PI3K/Akt-(PI3K/Akt signaling pathway), Nrf2/ARE-(Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) and ERβ-(Estrogen receptor beta) mediated networks, which jointly regulate cytokine secretion, apoptosis, angiogenesis and redox balance in endometrial lesions. Curcumin downregulates COX-2 and aromatase while activating Nrf2 signalling, shogaol from ginger suppresses prostaglandin synthesis and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, isoliquiritigenin from liquorice inhibits HMGB1-TLR4–NF-κB (High Mobility Group Box 1, Toll-like receptor 4) activation, and silymarin from milk thistle reduces IL-6 (Interleukin-6) and miR-155 (microRNA-155) expression while enhancing antioxidant capacity. Together, these phytochemicals demonstrate pharmacodynamic complementarity with hormonal agents by targeting local inflammatory and oxidative circuits rather than systemic endocrine axes. This mechanistic framework supports the rational integration of phytotherapy into endometriosis management and identifies redox-inflammatory signalling nodes as future translational targets.

Introduction and objective: PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) and PANS (Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) are rare diseases and there is scant information about diagnostic and treatment options. The aim of this...

Introduction and objective: Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is among the most common malignancies occurring in pregnant and postpartum women. Due to the increasing frequency of diagnoses, it is essential to expand our knowledge of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Clinicians have to...