Lithium (Li) metal is considered an ideal anode for next-generation Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, Li dendrite formation and low coulombic efficiency (CE) are major obstacles for its practical use in LMBs. The engineering of the interface between Li metal and electrolytes is crucial for better Li ion kinetics and interface stability to overcome the above problems. In this study, we report a thin LiF/defluorinated polymer (LiF@Po) composite as an artificial SEI layer. The LiF@Po composite layer, formed by a facile and scalable roll-pressing process using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Li metal, is composed of an inner (lithium side) LiF-rich layer and an outer (electrolyte side) polymer rich (polyene/fluoropolymer) layer. The free space between LiF particles could be conformally filled with a polymeric layer, improving the Li surface coverage properties of the protection layer. This novel LiF@Po protection layer enables highly stable cyclability even in a carbonate-based electrolyte for more than 1000 h at 1 mA cm⁻² in a Li‖Li symmetric cell and a cycle retention of 80% capacity for >200 cycles with an extremely stable average CE of 99.7% in a Li‖LiCoO₂ full cell. Furthermore, this LiF@Po protection layer could significantly enhance the cyclability and reversible capacity in a Li‖LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM-811) full cell.

Recent advancements in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), achieving sodium (Na)‐ion conductivities exceeding 10 ^‐2 S cm^‐1 at room temperature (RT), have generated significant interest in the development of solid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs). However, the ISEs face challenges such as their limited electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) and compatibility issues with high‐capacity, high‐voltage cathode materials and Na metal anodes. The success of high‐performance SSSBs hinges on developing ideal ISEs that deliver high Na⁺ ion conductivities, robust chemical and electrochemical stability, and well constructed electrode/ISE interfaces. This review explores the fundamental principles and strategies to optimize SSSB performance by addressing issues related to ISEs and their interfaces, emphasizing that many interfacial challenges are intrinsically linked to ISE properties. It highlights recent advancements in ISE research, including the mechanisms of Na‐ion conduction and the key factors influencing it, such as crystal structure, lattice dynamics, point defects, and grain boundaries. It also discusses prototyping strategies for cell design from the perspectives of material and defect chemistry. Additionally, the review identifies key challenges and future opportunities for advancing SSSBs and provides rational solutions to guide future research toward the practical realization of high‐performance SSSBs.Keywords: Solid‐state sodium batteries; Inorganic solid electrolytes; Interfacial mechanism; Electrochemical stability window; Ionic conductivity; Modification strategies

The rapid development of nanotechnology has significantly transformed the design and performance of glucose biosensors, leading to enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This review highlights recent advances in glucose-sensing platforms facilitated by nanomaterials, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanostructures, two-dimensional materials, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The integration of these nanoscale materials into electrochemical, optical, and wearable biosensors has addressed longstanding challenges associated with enzyme stability, detection limits, and invasiveness. Special emphasis is placed on non-enzymatic glucose sensors, flexible and wearable devices, and hybrid nanocomposite systems. The multifunctional properties of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, excellent conductivity, and biocompatibility, have enabled the development of next-generation sensors for clinical, point-of-care, and personal healthcare applications. The review also discusses emerging trends such as biodegradable nanosensors, AI-integrated platforms, and smart textiles, which are poised to drive the future of glucose monitoring toward more sustainable and personalized healthcare solutions.

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a process that uses mechanical abrasive particles and chemical interaction in slurry to remove materials from the surface of films. With advancements in semiconductor device technology applying various materials and structures, SiO2 (silica) nanoparticles are the most chosen abrasives in CMP slurries. Therefore, understanding and developing silica nanoparticles are crucial for achieving CMP performance, such as removal rates, selectivity, decreasing defects, and high uniformity and flatness. However, despite the abundance of reviews on silica nanoparticles, there is a notable gap in the literature addressing their role as abrasives in CMP slurries. This review offers an in-depth exploration of silica nanoparticle synthesis and modification methods detailing their impact on nanoparticles characteristics and CMP performance. Further, we also address the unique properties of silica nanoparticles, such as hardness, size distribution, and surface properties, and the significant contribution of silica nanoparticles to CMP results. This review is expected to interest researchers and practitioners in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science.

Fluorinated organic molecules have become indispensable in modern chemistry, owing to the unique properties imparted by fluorine to other compounds, including enhanced metabolic stability, controlled lipophilicity, and improved bioavailability. The site-selective incorporation of fluorine atoms into organic frameworks is essential in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material science research. In recent years, catalytic fluorination has become an important methodology for the efficient and selective incorporation of fluorine atoms into complex molecular architectures. This review highlights advances in catalytic fluorination reactions over the past six years and describes the contributions of transition metal catalysts, photocatalysts, organocatalysts, and electrochemical systems that have enabled site-selective fluorination under a variety of conditions. Particular attention is given to the use of well-defined fluorinating agents, including Selectfluor, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), AlkylFluor, Synfluor, and hypervalent iodine reagents. These reagents have been combined with diverse catalytic systems, such as AgNO₃, Rh(II), Mo-based complexes, Co(II)-salen, and various organocatalysts, including β,β-diaryl serine catalysts, isothiourea catalysts, and chiral phase-transfer catalysts. This review summarizes proposed mechanisms reported in the original studies and discusses examples of electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, photoredox, and electrochemical fluorination pathways. Recent developments in stereoselective and more sustainable protocols are also examined. By consolidating these strategies, this article provides an up-to-date perspective on catalytic fluorination and its impact on synthetic organic chemistry.