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In-line inspection of advanced components, remains a challenging task in industry. A methodology is discussed which uses numerical simulations to automatically determine the best set of experimental parameters to inspect the structure on defects using active thermography. The inspection is performed using an industrial conveyor belt or a robotic arm optimized using a numerical model of the defected test sample. During the path planning, the directional emissivity is considered for the complex surface and an optimal experimental setup is found. The results show that in-line quality evaluation of complex shaped structures is improved with a minimal amount of inspection time.
Jeroen Peeters; S. Verspeek; S. Sels; B. Bogaerts; G. Steenackers. Optimized dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures. Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 2019, 16, 260 -275.
AMA StyleJeroen Peeters, S. Verspeek, S. Sels, B. Bogaerts, G. Steenackers. Optimized dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures. Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal. 2019; 16 (3-4):260-275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeroen Peeters; S. Verspeek; S. Sels; B. Bogaerts; G. Steenackers. 2019. "Optimized dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures." Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 16, no. 3-4: 260-275.
In-line inspection of advanced components remains a challenging task in industry. The authors will describe an automated methodology that uses numerical simulations to automatically determine the best set of experimental parameters to inspect the structure on defects using active thermography. The inspection is performed using a robotic arm and advanced path-planning tools to determine the optimal positions of the measurement points and excitation points. During the path planning, the directional emissivity is considered for the complex surface, and a minimization of the amount of measurement points is performed. The numerical simulation optimization used a genetic algorithm and spline regression model to optimize the heat power, robot speed, camera frame rate, and excitation timing to fulfill the automatic inspection.
J. Peeters; B. Bogaerts; S. Sels; B. Ribbens; J. J. J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. Optimized robotic setup for automated active thermography using advanced path planning and visibility study. Applied Optics 2018, 57, D123 -D129.
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, B. Bogaerts, S. Sels, B. Ribbens, J. J. J. Dirckx, G. Steenackers. Optimized robotic setup for automated active thermography using advanced path planning and visibility study. Applied Optics. 2018; 57 (18):D123-D129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; B. Bogaerts; S. Sels; B. Ribbens; J. J. J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. 2018. "Optimized robotic setup for automated active thermography using advanced path planning and visibility study." Applied Optics 57, no. 18: D123-D129.
Carbon fiber bicycle frames are complex-shaped structures and are prone to delaminations and difficult to inspect. The use of finite element model updating is common in structural dynamics but not so common in active thermography inspection. However, there are many advantages to using thermography when inspecting bicycle frames. These include the fact that the inspection can be performed in situ, can cover large areas, and is a quantitative method. In this paper, a numerical model of a bicycle frame will be updated and optimized by the surface temperature distribution captured with pulsed thermography. These results will be compared and benchmarked against frequency response function (FRF) measurement data as a reference. The chosen temperature decay measurements to be used as reference data will be of key importance. The goal of this manuscript is to compare both measurement results and model predictabilities after performing finite element model updating with respect to accuracy and speed.
Gunther Steenackers; Jeroen Peeters; Simon Verspeek; Bart Ribbens. From Thermal Inspection to Updating a Numerical Model of a Race Bicycle: Comparison with Structural Dynamics Approach. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 307 .
AMA StyleGunther Steenackers, Jeroen Peeters, Simon Verspeek, Bart Ribbens. From Thermal Inspection to Updating a Numerical Model of a Race Bicycle: Comparison with Structural Dynamics Approach. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (2):307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGunther Steenackers; Jeroen Peeters; Simon Verspeek; Bart Ribbens. 2018. "From Thermal Inspection to Updating a Numerical Model of a Race Bicycle: Comparison with Structural Dynamics Approach." Applied Sciences 8, no. 2: 307.
J. Peeters; S. Verspeek; S. Sels; B. Bogaerts; G. Steenackers. Optimised dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures. 2018 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, S. Verspeek, S. Sels, B. Bogaerts, G. Steenackers. Optimised dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures. 2018 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; S. Verspeek; S. Sels; B. Bogaerts; G. Steenackers. 2018. "Optimised dynamic line scanning thermography for aircraft structures." 2018 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography , no. : 1.
In active thermography, the use of an optimised excitation source can simplify the interpretation of measurement results. Our custom designed source, especially designed for dynamic line scanning thermography, minimises the needed excitation power and the biasing side effects generated by a wide-range heat source. The source is redesigned, starting from a regular heat source, to focus the available energy such that the needed heating power is provided in a small band. Ray tracing software is used to design absorbers and reflectors to focus the electromagnetic radiation as well as the heat in a thin line. The most optimal design is manufactured and validated on a laminated test sample. The acquired thermographic data are then compared to the data captured in the old-fashioned way with widely available excitation sources. The redesign is also tested on durability and practical use to make sure that it is easy to handle and that it can be used as a long-term solution. Experienced inspectors evaluated the ease of use of it in comparison to the existing sources. A redesigned excitation source minimises the generated biasing side-effects resulting in more energy efficient and safer measurements.
Simon Verspeek; Jeroen Peeters; Bart Ribbens; Gunther Steenackers. Excitation Source Optimisation for Active Thermography. Proceedings 2018, 2, 439 .
AMA StyleSimon Verspeek, Jeroen Peeters, Bart Ribbens, Gunther Steenackers. Excitation Source Optimisation for Active Thermography. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (8):439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Verspeek; Jeroen Peeters; Bart Ribbens; Gunther Steenackers. 2018. "Excitation Source Optimisation for Active Thermography." Proceedings 2, no. 8: 439.
Infrared Radiation (IR) artwork inspection is typically performed through active thermography and reflectography with different setups and cameras. While Infrared Radiation Reflectography (IRR) is an established technique in the museum field, exploiting mainly the IR-A (0.7–1.4 µm) band to probe for hidden layers and modifications within the paint stratigraphy system, active thermography operating in the IR-C range (3–5 μm) is less frequently employed with the aim to visualize structural defects and features deeper inside the build-up. In this work, we assess to which extent the less investigated IR-B band (1.5–3 μm) can combine the information obtained from both setups. The application of IR-B systems is relatively rare as there are only a limited amount of commercial systems available due to the technical complexity of the lens coating. This is mainly added as a so-called broadband option on regular Mid-wave infrared radiation (MWIR) (IR-C’/3–5 μm) cameras to increase sensitivity for high temperature applications in industry. In particular, four objects were studied in both reflectographic and thermographic mode in the IR-B spectral range and their results benchmarked with IR-A and IR-C images. For multispectral application, a single benchmark is made with macroscopic reflection mode Fourier transform infrared (MA-rFTIR) results. IR-B proved valuable for visualisation of underdrawings, pencil marks, canvas fibres and wooden grain structures and potential pathways for additional applications such as pigment identification in multispectral mode or characterization of the support (panels, canvas) are indicated.
Jeroen Peeters; Gunther Steenackers; Stefano Sfarra; Stijn Legrand; Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo; Koen Janssens; Geert Van Der Snickt. IR Reflectography and Active Thermography on Artworks: The Added Value of the 1.5–3 µm Band. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 50 .
AMA StyleJeroen Peeters, Gunther Steenackers, Stefano Sfarra, Stijn Legrand, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Koen Janssens, Geert Van Der Snickt. IR Reflectography and Active Thermography on Artworks: The Added Value of the 1.5–3 µm Band. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (1):50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeroen Peeters; Gunther Steenackers; Stefano Sfarra; Stijn Legrand; Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo; Koen Janssens; Geert Van Der Snickt. 2018. "IR Reflectography and Active Thermography on Artworks: The Added Value of the 1.5–3 µm Band." Applied Sciences 8, no. 1: 50.
Bicycle frames made of carbon fibre are extremely popular for high-performance cycling due to the stiffness-to-weight ratio, which enables greater power transfer. However, products manufactured using carbon fibre are sensitive to impact damage. Therefore, intelligent nondestructive evaluation is a required step to prevent failures and ensure a secure usage of the bicycle. This work proposes an inspection method based on active thermography, a proven technique successfully applied to other materials. Different configurations for the inspection are tested, including power and heating time. Moreover, experiments are applied to a real bicycle frame with generated impact damage of different energies. Tests show excellent results, detecting the generated damage during the inspection. When the results are combined with advanced image post-processing methods, the SNR is greatly increased, and the size and localization of the defects are clearly visible in the images.
Rubén Usamentiaga; Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo; Matthieu Klein; Xavier Maldague; Jeroen Peeters; Alvaro Sanchez-Beato. Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography. Sensors 2017, 17, 2679 .
AMA StyleRubén Usamentiaga, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Matthieu Klein, Xavier Maldague, Jeroen Peeters, Alvaro Sanchez-Beato. Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography. Sensors. 2017; 17 (11):2679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén Usamentiaga; Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo; Matthieu Klein; Xavier Maldague; Jeroen Peeters; Alvaro Sanchez-Beato. 2017. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography." Sensors 17, no. 11: 2679.
An implementation of updating techniques similar to finite element updating in structural dynamics is developed for thermal material inspection using adaptive response surfaces to approximate experimental parameters. In general, thermal models contain high nonlinearities in their parameters, which influences updating accuracies. This is further investigated in this work. Several adaptive response surface regression methods are compared: interpolation, piecewise spline and polynomial regression functions. Next, the influence of the choice of optimisation parameters is discussed and compared with several global and local optimisation routines. Finally, a well-suited regression technique is investigated which transforms the dataset to a smaller, focused response model in each optimisation loop and delivers a proper regression accuracy. This results in data-reduction for the model to be optimised.
J. Peeters; E. Louarroudi; B. Bogaerts; S. Sels; J. J. J. Dirckx; Gunther Steenackers. Active thermography setup updating for NDE: a comparative study of regression techniques and optimisation routines with high contrast parameter influences for thermal problems. Optimization and Engineering 2017, 19, 163 -185.
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, E. Louarroudi, B. Bogaerts, S. Sels, J. J. J. Dirckx, Gunther Steenackers. Active thermography setup updating for NDE: a comparative study of regression techniques and optimisation routines with high contrast parameter influences for thermal problems. Optimization and Engineering. 2017; 19 (1):163-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; E. Louarroudi; B. Bogaerts; S. Sels; J. J. J. Dirckx; Gunther Steenackers. 2017. "Active thermography setup updating for NDE: a comparative study of regression techniques and optimisation routines with high contrast parameter influences for thermal problems." Optimization and Engineering 19, no. 1: 163-185.
J. Peeters; Jeroen Van Houtte; A. Martinez; Jesse van Muiden; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. Determination of stratospheric component behaviour using Finite Element model updating. Aerospace Science and Technology 2016, 56, 22 -28.
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, Jeroen Van Houtte, A. Martinez, Jesse van Muiden, J.J.J. Dirckx, G. Steenackers. Determination of stratospheric component behaviour using Finite Element model updating. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2016; 56 ():22-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; Jeroen Van Houtte; A. Martinez; Jesse van Muiden; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. 2016. "Determination of stratospheric component behaviour using Finite Element model updating." Aerospace Science and Technology 56, no. : 22-28.
J. Peeters; B. Ribbens; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. Determining directional emissivity: Numerical estimation and experimental validation by using infrared thermography. Infrared Physics & Technology 2016, 77, 344 -350.
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, B. Ribbens, J.J.J. Dirckx, G. Steenackers. Determining directional emissivity: Numerical estimation and experimental validation by using infrared thermography. Infrared Physics & Technology. 2016; 77 ():344-350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; B. Ribbens; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. 2016. "Determining directional emissivity: Numerical estimation and experimental validation by using infrared thermography." Infrared Physics & Technology 77, no. : 344-350.
J. Peeters; G. Arroud; B. Ribbens; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. Updating a finite element model to the real experimental setup by thermographic measurements and adaptive regression optimization. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2015, 64-65, 428 -440.
AMA StyleJ. Peeters, G. Arroud, B. Ribbens, J.J.J. Dirckx, G. Steenackers. Updating a finite element model to the real experimental setup by thermographic measurements and adaptive regression optimization. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2015; 64-65 ():428-440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Peeters; G. Arroud; B. Ribbens; J.J.J. Dirckx; G. Steenackers. 2015. "Updating a finite element model to the real experimental setup by thermographic measurements and adaptive regression optimization." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 64-65, no. : 428-440.