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Dr. Joeri Van Mierlo is a key player in the Electromobility scene. He is a professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (one of the top universities in this field). Joeri Van Mierlo leads the MOBI (mobility, logistics, and automotive technology) research center, and was Vice-President of AVERE (2013–2019), the European Electric Vehicle Association (www.avere.org), and Vice-President (2015–2019) of its Belgian division (AVERE-Belgium) (http://avere-belgium.org). He chairs the EPE chapter, “Hybrid and Electric Vehicles” (www.epe-association.org), and is an active member of EARPA and member of EGVIA. He is active in Flanders Make, and is Editor-in-Chief of the World Electric Vehicle Journal, and the author of more than 500 scientific publications.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as a promising energy source for electric vehicle (EV) applications owing to the solution offered by their high power, high specific energy, no memory effect, and their excellent durability. However, they generate a large amount of heat, particularly during the fast discharge process. Therefore, a suitable thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to guarantee their performance, efficiency, capacity, safety, and lifetime. This study investigates the thermal performance of different passive cooling systems for the LTO Li-ion battery cell/module with the application of natural convection, aluminum (Al) mesh, copper (Cu) mesh, phase change material (PCM), and PCM-graphite. Experimental results show the average temperature of the cell, due to natural convection, Al mesh, Cu mesh, PCM, and PCM-graphite compared with the lack of natural convection decrease by 6.4%, 7.4%, 8.8%, 30%, and 39.3%, respectively. In addition, some numerical simulations and investigations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics®, for the battery module consisting of 30 cells, which is cooled by PCM and PCM-graphite. The maximum temperature of the battery module compared with the natural convection case study is reduced by 15.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the cell spacing in the battery module has a direct effect on temperature reduction.
Hamidreza Behi; Danial Karimi; Rekabra Youssef; Mahesh Suresh Patil; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles. Energies 2021, 14, 3881 .
AMA StyleHamidreza Behi, Danial Karimi, Rekabra Youssef, Mahesh Suresh Patil, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar. Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3881.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamidreza Behi; Danial Karimi; Rekabra Youssef; Mahesh Suresh Patil; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. 2021. "Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 13: 3881.
A lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) is one of the most promising technologies for grid applications, which combines the energy storage mechanism of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a lithium-ion battery (LiB). This article presents an optimal thermal management system (TMS) to extend the end of life (EoL) of LiC technology considering different active and passive cooling methods. The impact of different operating conditions and stress factors such as high temperature on the LiC capacity degradation is investigated. Later, optimal passive TMS employing a heat pipe cooling system (HPCS) is developed to control the LiC cell temperature. Finally, the effect of the proposed TMS on the lifetime extension of the LiC is explained. Moreover, this trend is compared to the active cooling system using liquid-cooled TMS (LCTMS). The results demonstrate that the LiC cell temperature can be controlled by employing a proper TMS during the cycle aging test under 150 A current rate. The cell’s top surface temperature is reduced by 11.7% using the HPCS. Moreover, by controlling the temperature of the cell at around 32.5 and 48.8 °C, the lifetime of the LiC would be extended by 51.7% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to the cycling of the LiC under natural convection (NC). In addition, the capacity degradation for the NC, HPCS, and LCTMS case studies are 90.4%, 92.5%, and 94.2%, respectively.
Danial Karimi; Sahar Khaleghi; Hamidreza Behi; Hamidreza Beheshti; Sazzad Hosen; Mohsen Akbarzadeh; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications. Energies 2021, 14, 2907 .
AMA StyleDanial Karimi, Sahar Khaleghi, Hamidreza Behi, Hamidreza Beheshti, Sazzad Hosen, Mohsen Akbarzadeh, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar. Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanial Karimi; Sahar Khaleghi; Hamidreza Behi; Hamidreza Beheshti; Sazzad Hosen; Mohsen Akbarzadeh; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. 2021. "Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications." Energies 14, no. 10: 2907.
In electrified vehicle applications, understanding the battery characteristics is of great importance as it is the state-of-art principal energy source. The key battery parameters can be identified by one of the robust and nondestructive characterization techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, relaxing the battery cell before performing the EIS method is crucial for the characterization results to be standardized. In this study, the three most common and commercially available lithium-ion technologies (NMC/graphite, LFP/graphite, NCA/LTO) are investigated at 15–45 °C temperature, in the range of 20–80% state of charge (SoC) and in fresh and aged state of health (SoH) conditions. The analysis shows that the duration of the relaxation time before impedance measurement has an impact on the battery’s nonlinear behavior. A rest time of 2 h can be proposed, irrespective of battery health condition, considering neutral technology-based impedance measurement. An impedance growth in ohmic and charge transfer characteristics was found, due to aging, and the effect of rest periods was also analyzed from an electrochemical standpoint. This experimental data was fitted to develop an empirical model, which can predict the nonlinear dynamics of lithium technologies with a 4–8% relative error for longer rest time.
Sazzad Hosen; Rahul Gopalakrishnan; Theodoros Kalogiannis; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 77 .
AMA StyleSazzad Hosen, Rahul Gopalakrishnan, Theodoros Kalogiannis, Joris Jaguemont, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar. Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (2):77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSazzad Hosen; Rahul Gopalakrishnan; Theodoros Kalogiannis; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. 2021. "Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2: 77.
The brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) is receiving an increased amount of attention from the research community thanks to its potential as an alternative drive for variable speed applications, both as motor and generator. Currently, the sizing of the BDFRM in the literature is based on the model of an ideal axially laminated rotor (ALR) and discrepancies are hidden in compensation factors which are in turn tuned with a finite element analysis (FEA). This paper proposes an analytical framework to accurately model the air gap field modulation, and by extension the torque density, of the BDFRM with ducted segmental rotor (DSR) and salient pole rotor (SPR). The results are verified with FEA and validated on a BDFRM prototype.
Yassine Benômar; Julien Croonen; Björn Verrelst; Joeri Mierlo; Omar Hegazy. On Analytical Modeling of the Air Gap Field Modulation in the Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine. Energies 2021, 14, 2388 .
AMA StyleYassine Benômar, Julien Croonen, Björn Verrelst, Joeri Mierlo, Omar Hegazy. On Analytical Modeling of the Air Gap Field Modulation in the Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYassine Benômar; Julien Croonen; Björn Verrelst; Joeri Mierlo; Omar Hegazy. 2021. "On Analytical Modeling of the Air Gap Field Modulation in the Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine." Energies 14, no. 9: 2388.
Today, there are many recent developments that focus on improving the electric vehicles and their components, particularly regarding advances in batteries, energy management systems, autonomous features and charging infrastructure. This plays an important role in developing next electric vehicle generations, and encourages more efficient and sustainable eco-system. This paper not only provides insights in the latest knowledge and developments of electric vehicles (EVs), but also the new promising and novel EV technologies based on scientific facts and figures—which could be from a technological point of view feasible by 2030. In this paper, potential design and modelling tools, such as digital twin with connected Internet-of-Things (IoT), are addressed. Furthermore, the potential technological challenges and research gaps in all EV aspects from hard-core battery material sciences, power electronics and powertrain engineering up to environmental assessments and market considerations are addressed. The paper is based on the knowledge of the 140+ FTE counting multidisciplinary research centre MOBI-VUB, that has a 40-year track record in the field of electric vehicles and e-mobility.
Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Cedric De Cauwer; Maarten Messagie; Thierry Coosemans; Valéry Jacobs; Omar Hegazy. Beyond the State of the Art of Electric Vehicles: A Fact-Based Paper of the Current and Prospective Electric Vehicle Technologies. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 20 .
AMA StyleJoeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Cedric De Cauwer, Maarten Messagie, Thierry Coosemans, Valéry Jacobs, Omar Hegazy. Beyond the State of the Art of Electric Vehicles: A Fact-Based Paper of the Current and Prospective Electric Vehicle Technologies. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (1):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Cedric De Cauwer; Maarten Messagie; Thierry Coosemans; Valéry Jacobs; Omar Hegazy. 2021. "Beyond the State of the Art of Electric Vehicles: A Fact-Based Paper of the Current and Prospective Electric Vehicle Technologies." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1: 20.
Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector. The critical review shows a high potential application for Li-ion batteries and most fit to mitigate the fluctuation of RESs in utility grid integration sector. However, for Li-ion batteries to be fully adopted in the RESs utility grid integration, their cost needs to be reduced.
Henok Behabtu; Maarten Messagie; Thierry Coosemans; Maitane Berecibar; Kinde Anlay Fante; Abraham Kebede; Joeri Mierlo. A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10511 .
AMA StyleHenok Behabtu, Maarten Messagie, Thierry Coosemans, Maitane Berecibar, Kinde Anlay Fante, Abraham Kebede, Joeri Mierlo. A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenok Behabtu; Maarten Messagie; Thierry Coosemans; Maitane Berecibar; Kinde Anlay Fante; Abraham Kebede; Joeri Mierlo. 2020. "A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10511.
The energy industry, transportation and even the smallest consumer electronics benefit from the practical applications of rechargeable batteries. Expectations of battery performance are greatly related to capacity, power output and available lifetime. However, the lifetime is affected by gradual chemical and mechanical degradation of the internal battery structure that cannot easily be predicted prior to installation. The reduction in performance is closely related to a particular usage pattern which is unique to the user and application, and is thus difficult to predict. Reliable real-time prediction of the remaining battery life therefore remains an important research topic. In this paper we show that fading battery performance under cyclic loading can be effectively and continuously followed by introducing the concept of the damage parameter derived from mechanical durability modelling approaches. The damage parameter is calculated continuously by the novel macro-scale hysteresis damage operator model. The hysteresis model is formed by a system of constitutive spring-slider modelling elements, here bridging the complex relation between the battery load and the durability data. The spring and the slider properties are individually calibrated for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries, however other battery structures can also be used. The durability data is obtained experimentally under controlled steady thermal and cyclic loading (constant charge/discharge current) conditions. The approach is validated on a standardised driving pattern with a complex current history. The predicted battery life is in good agreement with observed repetitions of a simulated load block until 90% of the initial battery capacity; with 589, 590 and 698 repetitions for the combined test and simulation prediction, full simulation prediction and experiment, respectively. When compared to established equivalent circuit or analytical approaches, the proposed approach requires only a small number of cyclic durability tests with constant current and temperature. In addition, the approach supports the battery design process by allowing simulations for different usage patterns, material and durability data.
Domen Šeruga; Aleš Gosar; Caoimhe A. Sweeney; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Marko Nagode. Continuous modelling of cyclic ageing for lithium-ion batteries. Energy 2020, 215, 119079 .
AMA StyleDomen Šeruga, Aleš Gosar, Caoimhe A. Sweeney, Joris Jaguemont, Joeri Van Mierlo, Marko Nagode. Continuous modelling of cyclic ageing for lithium-ion batteries. Energy. 2020; 215 ():119079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDomen Šeruga; Aleš Gosar; Caoimhe A. Sweeney; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Marko Nagode. 2020. "Continuous modelling of cyclic ageing for lithium-ion batteries." Energy 215, no. : 119079.
The system under consideration in this paper consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, described as having a 10 kWp capacity, battery storage, and connection to the grid via a university grid network. It is stated that the system meets a local load of 4–5 kVA. The system is in Ethiopia, and the authors give details of the location and solar resource to provide information to assess its performance. However, the performance assessment will be specific to the details of the installation and the operational rules, including the variable nature of the load profile, charging and discharging the battery storage, and importing from and exporting to the university grid. The nearby load is mostly supplied from PV and grid sources, and hence the battery installed is found to be idle, showing that the PV together with storage battery system was not utilized in an efficient and optimized way. This in turn resulted in inefficient utilization of sources, increased dependency of the load on the grid, and hence unnecessary operational expenses. Therefore, to alleviate these problems, this paper proposes a means for techno-economic optimization and performance analysis of an existing photovoltaic grid-connected system (PVGCS) by using collected data from a plant data logger for one year (2018) with a model-based Matlab/Simulink simulation and a hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) software. According to the simulation result, the PVGCS with 5 kWp PV array optimized system was recommended, which provides a net present cost (NPC) of 5770 (€/kWh), and a cost of energy (COE) of 0.087 (€/kWh) compared to an existing 10 kWp PV system, which results in a NPC value of 6047 (€/kWh) and COE of 0.098 (€/kWh). Therefore, the resulting 5 kWp PV system connected with a storage battery was found to be more efficient and techno-economically viable as compared to the existing 10 kWp PVGCS plant.
Abraham Kebede; Maitane Berecibar; Thierry Coosemans; Maarten Messagie; Towfik Jemal; Henok Behabtu; Joeri Van Mierlo. A Techno-Economic Optimization and Performance Assessment of a 10 kWP Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7648 .
AMA StyleAbraham Kebede, Maitane Berecibar, Thierry Coosemans, Maarten Messagie, Towfik Jemal, Henok Behabtu, Joeri Van Mierlo. A Techno-Economic Optimization and Performance Assessment of a 10 kWP Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbraham Kebede; Maitane Berecibar; Thierry Coosemans; Maarten Messagie; Towfik Jemal; Henok Behabtu; Joeri Van Mierlo. 2020. "A Techno-Economic Optimization and Performance Assessment of a 10 kWP Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7648.
The energy management strategy (EMS) or power management strategy (PMS) unit is the core of power sharing control in the hybridization of automotive drivetrains in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Once a new topology and its corresponding EMS are virtually designed, they require undertaking different stages of experimental verifications toward guaranteeing their real-world applicability. The present paper focuses on a new and less-extensively studied topology of such vehicles, HEVs equipped with an electrical variable transmission (EVT) and assessed the controllability validation through hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) implementations versus model-in-the-loop (MiL) simulations. To this end, first, the corresponding modeling of the vehicle components in the presence of optimized control strategies were performed to obtain the MiL simulation results. Subsequently, an innovative versatile HiL test bench including real prototyped components of the topology was introduced and the corresponding experimental implementations were performed. The results obtained from the MiL and HiL examinations were analyzed and statistically compared for a full input driving cycle. The verification results indicate robust and accurate actuation of the components using the applied EMSs under real-time test conditions.
Majid Vafaeipour; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Florian Verbelen; Peter Sergeant; Joeri Van Mierlo; Omar Hegazy. Experimental Implementation of Power-Split Control Strategies in a Versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop Laboratory Test Bench for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with Electrical Variable Transmission. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4253 .
AMA StyleMajid Vafaeipour, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Florian Verbelen, Peter Sergeant, Joeri Van Mierlo, Omar Hegazy. Experimental Implementation of Power-Split Control Strategies in a Versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop Laboratory Test Bench for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with Electrical Variable Transmission. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajid Vafaeipour; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Florian Verbelen; Peter Sergeant; Joeri Van Mierlo; Omar Hegazy. 2020. "Experimental Implementation of Power-Split Control Strategies in a Versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop Laboratory Test Bench for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with Electrical Variable Transmission." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4253.
Improved management and impermeability of refrigerants is a leading solution to reverse global warming. Therefore, crank-driven reciprocating refrigerator compressors are gradually replaced by more efficient, oil-free and hermetic linear compressors. However, the design and operation of an electromagnetic actuator, fitted on the compression requirements of a reciprocating linear compressor, received limited attention. Current research mainly focuses on the optimisation of short stroke linear compressors, while long stroke compressors benefit from higher isentropic and volumetric efficiencies. Moreover, designing such a system focuses mainly on the trade-off between number of copper windings and the current required, due to the large computational cost of performing a full geometric design optimisation based on a Finite Element Method. Therefore, in this paper, a computationally-efficient, multi-objective design optimisation for six geometric design parameters has been applied on a solenoid driven linear compressor with a stroke of 44.2 mm. The proposed multi-fidelity optimisation approach takes advantage of established models for actuator optimisation in mechatronic applications, combined with analytical equations established for a solenoid actuator to increase the overall computational efficiency. This paper consists of the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm, the analytic model and Finite Element Method of a solenoid and the optimised designs obtained for optimised power and copper volume, which dominates the actuator cost. The optimisation results illustrate a trade-off between minimising the peak power and minimising the volume of copper windings. Considering this trade-off, an intermediate design is highlighted, which requires 33.3% less power, at the expense of an increased copper volume by 5.3% as opposed to the design achieving the minimum copper volume. Despite that the effect of the number of windings on the input current remains a dominant design characteristic, adapting the geometric parameters reduces the actuator power requirements significantly as well. Finally, the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm achieves a 74% reduction in computational cost as opposed to an entire Finite Element Method optimisation. Future work focuses on a similar optimisation approach for a permanent magnet linear actuator.
Jarl Beckers; Diederik Coppitters; Ward De Paepe; Francesco Contino; Joeri Van Mierlo; Björn Verrelst. Multi-Fidelity Design Optimisation of a Solenoid-Driven Linear Compressor. Actuators 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleJarl Beckers, Diederik Coppitters, Ward De Paepe, Francesco Contino, Joeri Van Mierlo, Björn Verrelst. Multi-Fidelity Design Optimisation of a Solenoid-Driven Linear Compressor. Actuators. 2020; 9 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarl Beckers; Diederik Coppitters; Ward De Paepe; Francesco Contino; Joeri Van Mierlo; Björn Verrelst. 2020. "Multi-Fidelity Design Optimisation of a Solenoid-Driven Linear Compressor." Actuators 9, no. 2: 1.
Wind energy is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. In recent decades, wind as one of the massive marine energy resources in the ocean to produce electricity has been used. This chapter introduces a comprehensive overview of the efficient ocean wind energy technologies, and the global wind energies in both offshore and onshore sides are discussed. Also, the classification of global ocean wind energy resources is presented. Moreover, different components of a wind farm offshore as well as the technologies used in them are investigated. Possible layouts regarding the foundation of an offshore wind turbine, floating offshore, as well as the operation of wind farms in the shallow and deep location of the ocean are studied. Finally, the offshore wind power plant challenges are described.
Foad H. Gandoman; Abdollah Ahmadi; Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem; Masoud Ardeshiri; Ali Esmaeel Nezhad; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. Ocean Wind Energy Technologies in Modern Electric Networks: Opportunity and Challenges. Advances in Modelling and Control of Wind and Hydrogenerators 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleFoad H. Gandoman, Abdollah Ahmadi, Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem, Masoud Ardeshiri, Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar. Ocean Wind Energy Technologies in Modern Electric Networks: Opportunity and Challenges. Advances in Modelling and Control of Wind and Hydrogenerators. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFoad H. Gandoman; Abdollah Ahmadi; Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem; Masoud Ardeshiri; Ali Esmaeel Nezhad; Joeri Van Mierlo; Maitane Berecibar. 2020. "Ocean Wind Energy Technologies in Modern Electric Networks: Opportunity and Challenges." Advances in Modelling and Control of Wind and Hydrogenerators , no. : 1.
The success of electric vehicles (EVs) depends principally on their energy storage system. Lithium-ion batteries currently feature the ideal properties to fulfil the wide range of prerequisites specific to electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the precise estimation of batteries’ state of health (SoH) should be available to provide the optimal performance of EVs. This study attempts to propose a precise, real-time method to estimate lithium-ion state of health when it operates in a realistic driving condition in the presence of dynamic stress factors. To this end, a real-life driving profile was simulated based on highly dynamic worldwide harmonized light vehicle test cycle load profiles. Afterward, various features will be extracted from voltage data and they will be scored based on prognostic metrics to select diagnostic features which can conveniently identify battery degradation. Lastly, an ensemble learning model was developed to capture the correlation of diagnostic features and battery’s state of health (SoH). The result illustrates that the proposed method has the potential to estimate the SoH of battery cells aged under a distinct depth of discharge and current profile with a maximum error of 1%. This confirms the robustness of the developed approach. The proposed method has the capability of implementing in battery management systems due to many reasons; firstly, it is tested and validated based on the data which are equal to the real-life driving operation of an electric vehicle. Secondly, it has high accuracy and precision, and a low computational cost. Finally, it can estimate the SoH of battery cells with different aging patterns.
Sahar Khaleghi; Yousef Firouz; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo; Peter Van Den Bossche. Ensemble Gradient Boosted Tree for SoH Estimation Based on Diagnostic Features. Energies 2020, 13, 1262 .
AMA StyleSahar Khaleghi, Yousef Firouz, Maitane Berecibar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche. Ensemble Gradient Boosted Tree for SoH Estimation Based on Diagnostic Features. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSahar Khaleghi; Yousef Firouz; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo; Peter Van Den Bossche. 2020. "Ensemble Gradient Boosted Tree for SoH Estimation Based on Diagnostic Features." Energies 13, no. 5: 1262.
The mechanical behavior of high capacity (1.4Ah) multilayer Si alloy-Graphite/NMC622 pouch cells under an external compressive load is presented in this research. The results show that their mechanical behavior is more complex compared to traditional cells with graphite anodes. Three distinct mechanisms are identified in the pressure evolution: i) a reversible pressure variation related to the lithiation of the anode, ii) an irreversible relaxation that occurs during early cycles and iii) an irreversible pressure growth related to capacity degradation. All mechanisms are investigated separately and a root cause is proposed for each one. Cells are cycled at different conditions to study the effect of initial compressive load, ambient temperature, current rate and depth of discharge on the mechanical behavior. Finally, a modeling methodology is proposed to estimate cell capacity fade based on cell pressure measurements and to model the expected pressure evolution during cycling. Presumably, this pressure behavior will become a key factor in designing future battery modules and packs containing energy-dense, volume changing electrode materials such as Silicon.
Lysander De Sutter; Gert Berckmans; Mario Marinaro; Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo. Mechanical behavior of Silicon-Graphite pouch cells under external compressive load: Implications and opportunities for battery pack design. Journal of Power Sources 2020, 451, 227774 .
AMA StyleLysander De Sutter, Gert Berckmans, Mario Marinaro, Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Maitane Berecibar, Joeri Van Mierlo. Mechanical behavior of Silicon-Graphite pouch cells under external compressive load: Implications and opportunities for battery pack design. Journal of Power Sources. 2020; 451 ():227774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLysander De Sutter; Gert Berckmans; Mario Marinaro; Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo. 2020. "Mechanical behavior of Silicon-Graphite pouch cells under external compressive load: Implications and opportunities for battery pack design." Journal of Power Sources 451, no. : 227774.
This paper analyses how the total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric light commercial vehicles change with the number of kilometers driven, the period of ownership, the residual value of the battery, and different fiscal incentives, as well as a kilometer charging scheme. This paper demonstrates that a kilometer-based charge and reduced fiscal incentives for conventional vans can drastically improve the TCO of electric commercial light duty vehicles. Second life applications for batteries could also have a strong impact on the TCO of electric vans as they could retrieve a better residual value. Finally, the paper shows that the TCO of electric vans can be optimized based on its usage. These are important findings given the ambitious objective of carbon free city logistics by 2030. Adoption of electric vans remains very low and this paper offers an up to date analysis to stimulate the electrification of light commercial vehicles, a segment that is growing fast in city logistics.
Philippe Lebeau; Cathy Macharis; Joeri Van Mierlo. How to Improve the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 90 .
AMA StylePhilippe Lebeau, Cathy Macharis, Joeri Van Mierlo. How to Improve the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10 (4):90.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilippe Lebeau; Cathy Macharis; Joeri Van Mierlo. 2019. "How to Improve the Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4: 90.
A lithium-ion battery cell’s electrochemical performance can be obtained through a series of standardized experiments, and the optimal operation and monitoring is performed when a model of the Li-ions is generated and adopted. With discrete-time parameter identification processes, the electrical circuit models (ECM) of the cells are derived. Over their wide range, the dual-polarization (DP) ECM is proposed to characterize two prismatic cells with different anode electrodes. In most of the studies on battery modeling, attention is paid to the accuracy comparison of the various ECMs, usually for a certain Li-ion, whereas the parameter identification methods of the ECMs are rarely compared. Hence in this work, three different approaches are performed for a certain temperature throughout the whole SoC range of the cells for two different load profiles, suitable for light- and heavy-duty electromotive applications. Analytical equations, least-square-based methods, and heuristic algorithms used for model parameterization are compared in terms of voltage accuracy, robustness, and computational time. The influence of the ECMs’ parameter variation on the voltage root mean square error (RMSE) is assessed as well with impedance spectroscopy in terms of Ohmic, internal, and total resistance comparisons. Li-ion cells are thoroughly electrically characterized and the following conclusions are drawn: (1) All methods are suitable for the modeling, giving a good agreement with the experimental data with less than 3% max voltage relative error and 30 mV RMSE in most cases. (2) Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is the best trade-off in terms of computational time, accuracy, and robustness. (3) Genetic algorithm (GA) lack of computational time compared to PSO and LS (4) The internal resistance behavior, investigated for the PSO, showed a positive correlation to the voltage error, depending on the chemistry and loading profile.
Theodoros Kalogiannis; Sazzad Hosen; Mohsen Akbarzadeh Sokkeh; Shovon Goutam; Joris Jaguemont; Lu Jin; Geng Qiao; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo. Comparative Study on Parameter Identification Methods for Dual-Polarization Lithium-Ion Equivalent Circuit Model. Energies 2019, 12, 4031 .
AMA StyleTheodoros Kalogiannis, Sazzad Hosen, Mohsen Akbarzadeh Sokkeh, Shovon Goutam, Joris Jaguemont, Lu Jin, Geng Qiao, Maitane Berecibar, Joeri Van Mierlo. Comparative Study on Parameter Identification Methods for Dual-Polarization Lithium-Ion Equivalent Circuit Model. Energies. 2019; 12 (21):4031.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodoros Kalogiannis; Sazzad Hosen; Mohsen Akbarzadeh Sokkeh; Shovon Goutam; Joris Jaguemont; Lu Jin; Geng Qiao; Maitane Berecibar; Joeri Van Mierlo. 2019. "Comparative Study on Parameter Identification Methods for Dual-Polarization Lithium-Ion Equivalent Circuit Model." Energies 12, no. 21: 4031.
One of the challenging tasks related to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a comprehensive approach for battery behaviour modelling. An approach is presented that enables modelling the voltage-capacity response of LIBs that are subjected to variable temperature and current load histories. A detailed presentation of the developed macro-scale phenomenological model embedding the mechanistic properties of the Prandtl type hysteresis operator and the concept of the force-voltage analogy is made. The necessary input data preparation for the model calibration is also presented. Accuracy of the model is confirmed with experimental observations for both nested current load history at two different temperatures and for arbitrary current load history. The same measured data is used to calibrate and to simulate response of the first order Thevenin equivalent circuit topology in order to amply compare the obtained results.
Marko Nagode; Aleš Gosar; Caoimhe A. Sweeney; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Domen Šeruga. Mechanistic modelling of cyclic voltage-capacity response for lithium-ion batteries. Energy 2019, 186, 115791 .
AMA StyleMarko Nagode, Aleš Gosar, Caoimhe A. Sweeney, Joris Jaguemont, Joeri Van Mierlo, Domen Šeruga. Mechanistic modelling of cyclic voltage-capacity response for lithium-ion batteries. Energy. 2019; 186 ():115791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Nagode; Aleš Gosar; Caoimhe A. Sweeney; Joris Jaguemont; Joeri Van Mierlo; Domen Šeruga. 2019. "Mechanistic modelling of cyclic voltage-capacity response for lithium-ion batteries." Energy 186, no. : 115791.
Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy-efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy-storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This Special Issue is focused on the recent advances in electric vehicles and (plug-in) hybrid vehicles that address the new powertrain developments and go beyond the state-of-the-art (SOTA).
Joeri Van Mierlo. Special Issue “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)”. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2829 .
AMA StyleJoeri Van Mierlo. Special Issue “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)”. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (14):2829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoeri Van Mierlo. 2019. "Special Issue “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)”." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14: 2829.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are recognized as promising options, not only for the decarbonization of urban areas and greening of the transportation sector, but also for increasing power system flexibility through demand-side management. Large-scale uncoordinated charging of EVs can impose negative impacts on the existing power system infrastructure regarding stability and security of power system operation. One solution to the severe grid overload issues derived from high penetration of EVs is to integrate local renewable power generation units as distributed generation units to the power system or to the charging infrastructure. To reduce the uncertainties associated with renewable power generation and load as well as to improve the process of tracking Pareto front in each time sequence, a predictive double-layer optimal power flow based on support vector regression and one-step prediction is presented in this study. The results demonstrate that, through the proposed control approach, the rate of battery degradation is reduced by lowering the number of cycles in which EVs contribute to the services that can be offered to the grid via EVs. Moreover, vehicle to grid services are found to be profitable for electricity providers but not for plug-in electric vehicle owners, with the existing battery technology and its normal degradation.
Omid Rahbari; Noshin Omar; Joeri Van Mierlo; Marc A. Rosen; Thierry Coosemans; Maitane Berecibar. Electric Vehicle Battery Lifetime Extension through an Intelligent Double-Layer Control Scheme. Energies 2019, 12, 1525 .
AMA StyleOmid Rahbari, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Marc A. Rosen, Thierry Coosemans, Maitane Berecibar. Electric Vehicle Battery Lifetime Extension through an Intelligent Double-Layer Control Scheme. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmid Rahbari; Noshin Omar; Joeri Van Mierlo; Marc A. Rosen; Thierry Coosemans; Maitane Berecibar. 2019. "Electric Vehicle Battery Lifetime Extension through an Intelligent Double-Layer Control Scheme." Energies 12, no. 8: 1525.
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) performance can be significantly declined when operated at cold climates in terms of capacity loss, resistance increase and accelerated aging rates. To prevent this downgrade and to maintain the optimal operation of battery cells, a preheat process is taking place, which can be implemented either by internal or external techniques. The former is performed actively, by circulating a constant amplitude and frequency alternative pulse current (APC) at the battery cell’s terminal and preheating it internally by harvesting its generated Joule losses. The latter is achieved passively, by enclosing the cell into thermal blankets. In this work, a comparison of these two preheating strategies is presented, by proposing electro-thermal and lifetime models of a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC/G) 20 Ah pouch battery cell. Heat transfer, energy efficiencies and degradation costs are estimated during operation of the preheat techniques. Validation of the model showed a good agreement between the model and experimental data, and a study case is proposed to estimate and compare the cost efficiency of the methods as based for an economic study.
Theodoros Kalogiannis; Joris Jaguemont; Noshin Omar; Joeri Van Van Mierlo; Peter Van Den Van Den Bossche. A Comparison of Internal and External Preheat Methods for NMC Batteries. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 18 .
AMA StyleTheodoros Kalogiannis, Joris Jaguemont, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Van Den Bossche. A Comparison of Internal and External Preheat Methods for NMC Batteries. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10 (2):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodoros Kalogiannis; Joris Jaguemont; Noshin Omar; Joeri Van Van Mierlo; Peter Van Den Van Den Bossche. 2019. "A Comparison of Internal and External Preheat Methods for NMC Batteries." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 2: 18.
This paper proposes an optimal design for hybrid grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs). A smart grid consisting of PV generation units, stationary Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), and domestic loads develops a multi-objective optimization algorithm. The optimization aims at minimizing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and the Voltage Deviation (VD) while considering the direct and indirect costs for the prosumer, and the system stability with regard to intermittent PV generation. The optimal solution for the optimization of the PV-battery system sizing with regard to economic viability and the stability of operation is found while using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the Pareto front. In addition, a fuzzy logic-based controller is developed to schedule the charging and discharging of batteries while considering the technical and economic aspects, such as battery State of Charge (SoC), voltage profile, and on/off-peak times to shave the consumption peaks. Thus, a hybrid approach that combines a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and the GA is developed for the optimal sizing of the combined Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and ESSs, resulting in reductions of approximately 4% and 17% for the TCO and the VD, respectively. Furthermore, a sensitivity cost-effectiveness analysis of the complete system is conducted to highlight and assess the profitability and the high dependency of the optimal system configuration on battery prices.
Imane Worighi; Thomas Geury; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Joeri Van Mierlo; Omar Hegazy; Abdelilah Maach. Optimal Design of Hybrid PV-Battery System in Residential Buildings: End-User Economics, and PV Penetration. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1022 .
AMA StyleImane Worighi, Thomas Geury, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Joeri Van Mierlo, Omar Hegazy, Abdelilah Maach. Optimal Design of Hybrid PV-Battery System in Residential Buildings: End-User Economics, and PV Penetration. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (5):1022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImane Worighi; Thomas Geury; Mohamed El Baghdadi; Joeri Van Mierlo; Omar Hegazy; Abdelilah Maach. 2019. "Optimal Design of Hybrid PV-Battery System in Residential Buildings: End-User Economics, and PV Penetration." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5: 1022.