Renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage schemes (ESSs) integrated into a microgrid (MG) system have been widely used in power generation and distribution to provide a constant supply of electricity. The power electronics converters, particularly the bidirectional power converters (BPCs), are promising interfaces for MG infrastructure because they control the power management of the whole MG system. The controller of BPCs can be designed using several different control strategies. However, all the existing controllers have system stability, dynamics, and power quality issues. Therefore, this study demonstrates the development of an LCL-filtered grid-connected bidirectional AC–DC converter’s (BADC) control strategy based on voltage-oriented control (VOC) to overcome these issues. The proposed VOC-based inner current control loop (ICCL) is implemented in synchronous dq-coordinate with the help of proportional-integral (PI) controllers. An observer-based active damping (AD) is also developed in order to estimate the filter capacitor current from the capacitor voltage instead of directly measuring it. This developed AD system helps to damp the resonance effect of the LCL filter, improves system stability, and also eliminates the practical challenges of measuring capacitor current. The proposed controller with AD is able to realize bidirectional power transfer (BPT) with reduced power losses due to the elimination of passive damping and improved power quality, system dynamics, and stability. The mathematical modeling of the suggested system was developed, and the structure of the system model was established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the proposed system was validated with real-time software-in-the-loop (RT-SIL) simulation using the OPAL-RT simulator for a 16 kVA converter system. The real-time (RT) simulation results show that the BADC with the proposed control scheme can provide better dynamic performance and operate with tolerable total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.62% and 2.71% for inverter and rectifier modes of operation, respectively.

Generally smart grid is a modern technology of power system which can convert the whole power system in to digital format. In brief, a smart grid is the use of sensors, communications, computational ability and control in some form to enhance the overall functionality of the electric power delivery system. A system becomes smart by sensing, communicating, applying intelligence, exercising control and through feedback. For an ideal power system, this permits several functions which can optimize in the combination of the use of bulk generation and storage, transmission, distribution, and consumers. It can fulfill the goal which can ensure reliability and optimization of the use of Energy. It will also keep the environment free from pollution, save the assets, minimize the cost, easy operation against all hazards, maximum possibility to keep out from danger, provides power quality for 21st century needs. The focus of this paper is to familiarize with smart grid perspective to Bangladesh. The conception of smart grid is almost new is Bangladesh. The whole power system network in Bangladesh is very elaborate and complex but primitive. To reduce this complexity and improve the performance of the system, smart grid can be a better solution. Load-shedding is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. It can be solved by smart grid technology. As it can automatically detect, calculate and distribute electricity as per load requirements, it reduces the system loss and at the same time a certain amount of electricity from the grid would always be available at each consumer side even at the time of load shedding. Bangladesh can be greatly benefited by using this technology. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the necessity of smart grid for the perspective of Bangladesh which may be an effective solution to overcome the recent power crisis.

Several neighbouring microgrids (MGs) can be coupled to each other to increase their reliability and resiliency, as well as flexibility in their operation. A dc power exchange link can bring several benefits including their isolation among each other, which will enable power exchange amongst MGs with various operating conditions and standards. This study has focused on such a scheme and presents an energy transaction management to provide provisional support among the MGs, when one or more MGs experience overloading or renewable‐based excessive generation, resulting in unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation. A suitable operation and control strategy have been proposed for the power electronic converters, employed between the MG and the dc power exchange link. The performance of the proposed power management technique is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM®, which validate the success and efficacy of the proposal.

The two common mechanisms of load-shedding and renewable curtailment can prevent provisional overloading and excessive generation and the subsequent unacceptable voltage and frequency deviation in standalone microgrids (MGs), which makes MGs less resilient and reliable. However, instead of enabling load-shedding or renewable curtailment, such overloading or over-generation problems can be alleviated more efficiently and cost-effectively by provisionally interconnecting the neighboring MGs to exchange power amongst themselves. In such a scheme, the interconnected MGs can supply their local demand, as well as a portion of the demand of the adjacent MGs. In order to implement this strategy, a three-phase ac link can be used as the power exchange network, while each MG is coupled to the link through a back-to-back power electronics converter, in order to maintain the autonomy of each MG if they are eachoperated under different standards. This paper proposes a suitable decentralized power management strategy without a communication link between the MGs to achieve power-sharing amongst them and alleviate unacceptable voltage and frequency deviation along with the required control technique for the power electronic converters, which can be implemented at the primary level based on the measurement of the local parameters only. To this end, one of the converters should always regulate the dc link voltage while the other converter should operate in droop control mode when the MG is healthy and in constant PQ mode when overloaded or over-generating. Suitable status detection and mode transition algorithms and controllers were also developed and are proposed in this paper. The performance of the proposed power exchange and control mechanisms were evaluated and verified via PSIM^®-based numerical simulation studies. The stability and sensitivity of the proposed power exchange topology are also analyzed against several critical design and operational parameters.

Overloading and renewable‐based excessive generation are a frequently observed phenomena in an autonomously operating islanded microgrid (MG) which will lead to unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation in the MG. Such problems can be alleviated by mechanisms such as load shedding or curtailment of renewable sources. Alternatively, coupling the neighbouring MGs and enabling a provisional power exchange amongst them can improve the situation more effectively. The power exchange link between the MGs can be in the form of a conventional three‐phase ac line but a single‐phase ac link is more cost‐effective, especially considering the amount of the power that needs to be transferred through this link. This approach requires power electronics‐based converters to convert a three‐phase ac MG into a single‐phase power exchange link and control the power sharing amongst them. The same is needed when the MGs have to be coupled while maintaining their autonomy, but the corresponding costs of the single‐phase system are less. This article has proposed a decentralised approach to control and couple the neighbouring MGs to realise provisional power exchange through such a structure. The performance of the proposed control mechanism is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM ^® , and its sensitivity and stability are analysed against its key design and operational factors.

Overloading and renewable-based excessive generation can be observed in autonomous microgrids (MGs) and this can lead to unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation. Such problems can be alleviated by mechanisms, such as load-shedding or curtailment of renewable sources. Alternatively, provisional power exchange among the neighboring MGs, can improve the situation in a more economic and effective way. The power exchange link between the MGs can be in the form of a three-phase ac but a single-phase ac link is more cost-effective. This approach requires power electronics-based converters to convert a three-phase ac microgrid into a single-phase power exchange link and control the power-sharing amongst them. This paper has proposed a decentralized approach to control the neighboring MGs to realize power-sharing through such a structure. The performance of the proposed control mechanisms is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM ^® .