Hydrogen is a versatile energy vector for a plethora of applications; nevertheless, its production from waste/residues is often overlooked. Gasification and subsequent conversion of the raw synthesis gas to hydrogen are an attractive alternative to produce renewable hydrogen. In this paper, recent developments in R&D on waste gasification (municipal solid waste, tires, plastic waste) are summarised, and an overview about suitable gasification processes is given. A literature survey indicated that a broad span of hydrogen relates to productivity depending on the feedstock, ranging from 15 to 300 g H₂/kg of feedstock. Suitable gas treatment (upgrading and separation) is also covered, presenting both direct and indirect (chemical looping) concepts. Hydrogen production via gasification offers a high productivity potential. However, regulations, like frame conditions or subsidies, are necessary to bring the technology into the market.

This article reports the two-step synthesis of NiFeO_x nanomaterials and their characterization and bifunctional electrocatalytic activity measurements in alkaline electrolyte for metal-air batteries. The samples were mostly in layered double hydroxide at the initial temperature, but upon heat treatment, they were converted to NiFe₂O₄ phases. The electrochemical behaviour of the different samples was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry on the glassy carbon electrode. The OER catalyst activity was observed for low mass loadings (0.125 mg cm⁻²), whereas high catalyst loading exhibited the best performance on the ORR side. The sample heat-treated at 250 °C delivered the highest bi-functional oxygen evolution and reduction reaction activity (OER/ORR) thanks to its thin-holey nanosheet-like structure with higher nickel oxidation state at 250 °C. This work further helps to develop low-cost electrocatalyst development for metal-air batteries.

A facile synthesis of 3d-metal based electro-catalysts directly incorporated into a carbon support was carried out by γ-radiation. Transition metals of period 4, i.e. Ni and Co, were precipitated and reduced from their respective salt solutions. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, SQUID and the BET methods. Thereafter, the electrodes for fuel cells were fabricated out of synthesized material and their electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in 6 M KOH was measured. Although the concentrations of Co and Ni in the electrode material were low (3.4% Co and 0.4% Ni) after reduction by irradiation, both the Ni and Co-based gas diffusion electrodes showed high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction both at room temperature and at 60 °C.

The present study determines the best conditions for the fermentation of Schinus molle drupes by the combination of different types of hydrolysis with the