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Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Cairo 13736, Egypt

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Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) in mediating the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic injury in chicks. A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage). After three days of acclimation, the broilers were fed either a control diet (Control), Control plus 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1, or Control plus 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 with 500 or 1000 mg/kg HD for two weeks. Both serum and liver were collected at the end of the feeding trial for biochemistry, histology, and NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling analysis. Compared with Control, the AFB1 treatment caused liver injury and decreased (p< 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and serum albumin and total protein by 6.2–20.7%. AFB1 also induced swelling, necrosis, and severe vacuolar degeneration in chicks’ livers. Notably, HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg mitigated (p< 0.05) the alterations induced by AFB1. HD supplementation alleviated (p< 0.05) AFB1-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, protein carbonyl, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)–DNA concentrations by 57.7–100% and increased (p< 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 23.1–40.9% more than those of AFB1 treatment alone. Furthermore, HD supplementation at the two doses upregulated (p< 0.05) NRF2, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione-S transferase A2 and A3 in livers relative to the AFB1 group by 0.99–3.4-fold. Overall, dietary supplementation of HD at a high dose displayed better protection effects against aflatoxicosis. In conclusion, a dietary HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg protected broilers from AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity, potentially due to the activation of NRF2/ARE signaling in the chicks.

ACS Style

Ling Zhao; Jiang Deng; Zi-Jian Xu; Wan-Po Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Niel Karrow; Lv-Hui Sun. Mitigation of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 878 .

AMA Style

Ling Zhao, Jiang Deng, Zi-Jian Xu, Wan-Po Zhang, Mahmoud Khalil, Niel Karrow, Lv-Hui Sun. Mitigation of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (6):878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Zhao; Jiang Deng; Zi-Jian Xu; Wan-Po Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Niel Karrow; Lv-Hui Sun. 2021. "Mitigation of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks." Antioxidants 10, no. 6: 878.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Poultry Science
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The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of broiler age on the AME and AMEn of four common cereal grains (wheat, sorghum, barley and corn). Four experimental diets with the same inclusion (962 g/kg) of each grain were developed and fed to groups of broiler chickens aged 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-28, 29-35 or 36-42 d post-hatch. Each diet, in pellet form, was randomly allocated to 6 replicate cages in each age group. Except for the 0-7 d age group, the birds were fed a starter (d 0-21) and/or a finisher (d 21-35) diet before the introduction of experimental diets. The number of birds per cage were 10 (d 1-7) and 8 (d 8-42). Excreta were collected over the last 4 d of each age period. The AME and AMEn of the grains were determined by the total excreta collection. Bird age influenced (P < 0.001) the AME and AMEn of all cereal grains. The AMEn of wheat declined quadratically (P < 0.01) with advancing age, from 3,461 kcal/kg in week 1 to 3,219 kcal/kg in week 2 and then plateaued. The AMEn of sorghum grain declined linearly (P < 0.001) with advancing age, from 3,762 kcal/kg in week 1 to 3,614 kcal/kg in week 2, plateaued to week 5 and then declined to 3,556 kcal/kg in week 6. A quadratic (P < 0.001) reduction in the AMEn of barley was observed as birds grew older, with the AMEn decreasing between week 1 (3,285 kcal/kg) and week 2 (2,988 kcal/kg), increasing in week 3 (3,117 kcal/kg) and then plateauing. The AMEn of corn declined quadratically (P < 0.05) with advancing broiler age; the highest AMEn was observed in weeks 1 and 5, the lowest AMEn in week 2, with the other weeks being intermediate. In conclusion, the present results showed that broiler age has a substantial impact on the AME and AMEn of cereal grains and the effect varied depending on the cereal grain. These data suggest that age dependent AME and AMEn values may need to be considered when formulating broiler diets to improve the precision of feed formulation and production efficiency.

ACS Style

M.M. Khalil; M.R. Abdollahi; F. Zaefarian; P.V. Chrystal; V. Ravindran. Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age. Poultry Science 2021, 100, 101288 .

AMA Style

M.M. Khalil, M.R. Abdollahi, F. Zaefarian, P.V. Chrystal, V. Ravindran. Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age. Poultry Science. 2021; 100 (9):101288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.M. Khalil; M.R. Abdollahi; F. Zaefarian; P.V. Chrystal; V. Ravindran. 2021. "Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age." Poultry Science 100, no. 9: 101288.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2020 in Poultry Science
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the ileal endogenous energy losses (IEEL) and, AMEn and true ileal digestible energy (TIDE) of four cereal grains (corn, sorghum, wheat and barley) for broilers. In experiment 1, a glucose-based purified diet was used to determine the IEEL for correcting the apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) values to TIDE. The diet was randomly allocated to 6 replicates (6 birds per replicate) of male broilers and fed from 18 to 21 days post-hatch. The jejunal and ileal digesta were collected on day 21. The results showed that glucose absorption continued beyond the jejunum, but was complete in the terminal ileum demonstrating that endogenous energy losses can be quantified in the ileal digesta of birds by feeding a glucose-based diet. The IEEL were determined to be 347 ± 29.4 kcal/kg DM intake. In experiment 2, 4 experimental diets with similar inclusion (957 g/kg) of grains were developed to determine the AMEn, AIDE and TIDE. Titanium dioxide (5.0 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. Each diet was randomly allocated to 6 replicates (8 birds per replicate) and fed from 14 to 21 days post-hatch and the ileal digesta were collected on day 21. The AIDE was corrected to TIDE using the IEEL value determined in experiment 1. The TIDE of corn, sorghum, wheat and barley were determined to be 3,920, 3,650, 3,138 and 2,885 kcal/kg DM, respectively, and was higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding AMEn values of 3,439, 3,284, 2,576 and 2,371 kcal/kg DM, respectively. No differences were observed between the AMEn and AIDE. The AMEn:TIDE ratio tended (P = 0.06) to be lower for viscous cereals (wheat and barley) compared to those for non-viscous cereals (corn and sorghum). The apparent ileal digestibility of DM, nitrogen and starch were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with TIDE (r = 0.990, 0.703 and 0.705, respectively) and the AMEn (r = 0.873, 0.483 and 0.656, respectively). Further studies are warranted to determine the TIDE of a range of ingredients and to investigate the application of TIDE as a potential available energy system in poultry feed formulations.

ACS Style

M.M. Khalil; M.R. Abdollahi; F. Zaefarian; V. Ravindran. Measurement of ileal endogenous energy losses and true ileal digestible energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 2020, 99, 6809 -6817.

AMA Style

M.M. Khalil, M.R. Abdollahi, F. Zaefarian, V. Ravindran. Measurement of ileal endogenous energy losses and true ileal digestible energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2020; 99 (12):6809-6817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.M. Khalil; M.R. Abdollahi; F. Zaefarian; V. Ravindran. 2020. "Measurement of ileal endogenous energy losses and true ileal digestible energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens." Poultry Science 99, no. 12: 6809-6817.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2019 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of T-2 toxin on the transcriptome of the glandular stomach in chicks using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Four groups of 1-day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 4 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) were fed a corn-soybean-based diet (control) and control supplemented with T-2 toxin at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. The histological results showed that dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin at 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg induced glandular gastric injury including serious inflammation, increased inflammatory cells, mucosal edema, and necrosis and desquamation of the epithelial cells in the glandular stomach of chicks. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that there were 671, 1393, and 1394 genes displayed ≥2 (P < 0.05) differential expression in the dietary supplemental T-2 toxin at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the control group. Notably, 204 differently expressed genes had shared similar changes among these three doses of T-2 toxin. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that many genes involved in oxidation-reduction process, inflammation, wound healing/bleeding, and apoptosis/carcinogenesis were affected by T-2 toxin exposure. In conclusion, this study systematically elucidated toxic mechanisms of T-2 toxin on the glandular stomach, which might provide novel ideas to prevent adverse effects of T-2 toxin in chicks.

ACS Style

Jing-Jing Luo; Yu Zhang; Hua Sun; Jin-Tao Wei; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; You-Wei Wang; Jie-Fan Dai; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. The response of glandular gastric transcriptome to T-2 toxin in chicks. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 132, 110658 .

AMA Style

Jing-Jing Luo, Yu Zhang, Hua Sun, Jin-Tao Wei, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, You-Wei Wang, Jie-Fan Dai, Ni-Ya Zhang, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. The response of glandular gastric transcriptome to T-2 toxin in chicks. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2019; 132 ():110658.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing-Jing Luo; Yu Zhang; Hua Sun; Jin-Tao Wei; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; You-Wei Wang; Jie-Fan Dai; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2019. "The response of glandular gastric transcriptome to T-2 toxin in chicks." Food and Chemical Toxicology 132, no. : 110658.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research
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In poultry, feeding diets including high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides limits growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and causes problems in health and welfare because of the production of wet droppings. This problem is becoming more important as pressure builds to reduce costs by using alternative sources of dietary protein, such as lupin grain, rather than fish- or soybean-meal. We therefore tested whether enzymes that break down non-starch polysaccharides can overcome the problems with a lupin-based diet fed to Japanese quail. Chicks (18 days old) were allocated among 8 treatments, each replicated 3 times, with 12 chicks per replicate (ie, 36 birds per treatment). Chicks were fed diets formulated to contain 24% crude protein and 12 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The diets included 10% or 20% lupin meal and, for each level of lupin, they were formulated in one of four ways: 1) no enzyme; 2) pectinase (1.4 U/g polygalacturonase and 0.2 U/g pectinesterase); 3) xylanase (1,4 endo-xylanase; 0.38 U/g); 4) combination of the above pectinase and xylanase treatments. The results indicated that, from age 28 days of age, both lupin content and enzyme treatment significantly (P < 0.05) affected chick performance. Compared with the no-enzyme control, enzyme treatments improved growth at 35 days by 45-50% (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio by 20-30% (P < 0.05) for both levels of lupin content. In addition, dry matter digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly improved by the combined enzyme treatment for both levels of lupin inclusion. We conclude that pectinase and xylanase can overcome the negative effects of the non-starch polysaccharides in lupin meal, improving the growth of quail chicks fed lupin-based diets, and that the enzymes work best when combined.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Khalil; Irek A. Malecki; Mahmoud El-Attrouny; Graeme B. Martin. Enzyme Treatment Improves The Utilization Of Lupin-Based Diets By Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica). The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 2019, 4, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Mahmoud Khalil, Irek A. Malecki, Mahmoud El-Attrouny, Graeme B. Martin. Enzyme Treatment Improves The Utilization Of Lupin-Based Diets By Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica). The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research. 2019; 4 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Khalil; Irek A. Malecki; Mahmoud El-Attrouny; Graeme B. Martin. 2019. "Enzyme Treatment Improves The Utilization Of Lupin-Based Diets By Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica)." The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 4, no. 1: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Toxins
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with four replicates of six birds each. The four groups, 1–4, received a basal diet (BD), a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, and a BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for two weeks. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, and small intestinal histopathology were analyzed. Compared to the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio by 11.4%–31.8% during the whole experiment. It also decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9%–16.1%. The alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated (p < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation prevented (p < 0.05) increased serum aspartate aminotransferase by T-2 toxin at d 14. It also prevented (p < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. However, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (p > 0.05) any of these variables. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hepatic and small intestinal injuries in chicks.

ACS Style

Jin-Tao Wei; Kun-Tan Wu; Hua Sun; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Jie-Fan Dai; Ying Liu; Qiang Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks. Toxins 2019, 11, 199 .

AMA Style

Jin-Tao Wei, Kun-Tan Wu, Hua Sun, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Jie-Fan Dai, Ying Liu, Qiang Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks. Toxins. 2019; 11 (4):199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin-Tao Wei; Kun-Tan Wu; Hua Sun; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Jie-Fan Dai; Ying Liu; Qiang Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2019. "A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks." Toxins 11, no. 4: 199.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2019 in Toxins
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a serious threat to the poultry industry. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) demonstrates a broad range of biological, pharmacological, therapeutic, and chemoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of PCs against AFB1-induced histopathology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of broilers. One hundred forty-four one-day old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned into four treatment groups of six replicates (6 birds each replicate) for 28 days. Groups were fed on the following four diets; (1) Basal diet without addition of PCs or AFB1 (Control); (2) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB1 from contaminated corn (AFB1); (3) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg PCs (PCs); and (4) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB1 + 250 mg/kg PCs (AFB1+ PCs). The present study results showed that antioxidant enzymes activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in AFB1 treated group were (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that dietary PCs treatment ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress in the BF through inhibiting the accumulation of MDA content and enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST). Similarly, PCs markedly enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, GPx1, and GST) in comparison with AFB1 group. Moreover, histological results showed that PCs alleviated AFB1-induced apoptotic cells in the BF of broilers. In addition, both mRNA and protein expression results manifested that mitochondrial-apoptosis-associated genes (Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53 and cytochrome c) showed up-regulation, while (Bcl-2) showed down-regulation in AFB1 fed group. The supplementation of PCs to AFB1 diet significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these apoptosis-associated genes, as compared to the AFB1 group. Our results demonstrated that PCs ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress by modulating the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis in the BF through mitochondrial pathway in broilers.

ACS Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Cong Zhang; Yue Feng; Xiao Tian Wei; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Baloch; Aftab Shaukat; Nasir Rajput; Hammad Qamar; Mubashar Hassan; Desheng Qi. Proanthocyanidins Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Pathway in the Bursa of Fabricius of Broilers. Toxins 2019, 11, 157 .

AMA Style

Shahid Ali Rajput, Cong Zhang, Yue Feng, Xiao Tian Wei, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Imran Rashid Rajput, Dost Muhammad Baloch, Aftab Shaukat, Nasir Rajput, Hammad Qamar, Mubashar Hassan, Desheng Qi. Proanthocyanidins Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Pathway in the Bursa of Fabricius of Broilers. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Cong Zhang; Yue Feng; Xiao Tian Wei; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Baloch; Aftab Shaukat; Nasir Rajput; Hammad Qamar; Mubashar Hassan; Desheng Qi. 2019. "Proanthocyanidins Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Pathway in the Bursa of Fabricius of Broilers." Toxins 11, no. 3: 157.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2019 in Toxins
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + AFB1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE); 4. Basal diet + AFB1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of IκBα protein induced by AFB1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.

ACS Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Zhao Ling; Li Chong; Shuai Wang; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Bloch; Farhan Anwar Khan; Aftab Shaukat; Desheng Qi. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers. Toxins 2019, 11, 23 .

AMA Style

Shahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Zhao Ling, Li Chong, Shuai Wang, Imran Rashid Rajput, Dost Muhammad Bloch, Farhan Anwar Khan, Aftab Shaukat, Desheng Qi. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers. Toxins. 2019; 11 (1):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Zhao Ling; Li Chong; Shuai Wang; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Bloch; Farhan Anwar Khan; Aftab Shaukat; Desheng Qi. 2019. "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers." Toxins 11, no. 1: 23.

Correction
Published: 10 September 2018 in Toxins
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The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper

ACS Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371. Toxins 2018, 10, 366 .

AMA Style

Shahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Xin Gao, Zhao Ling, Luoyi Zhu, Farhan Anwar Khan, Jiacai Zhang, Desheng Qi. Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371. Toxins. 2018; 10 (9):366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. 2018. "Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371." Toxins 10, no. 9: 366.

Comparative study
Published: 01 September 2018 in Poultry Science
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The objective of this study was to compare the bio-efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) with that of DL-methionine (DLM) as sources of methionine in terms of the growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox statuses of Cherry Valley ducks. Six hundred and thirty male ducks were randomly allotted to 9 dietary treatment groups with 7 replicates of 10 birds each. The first group received a basal diet (BD) without methionine addition that was deficient in the total number of sulfur amino acids. In Groups 2 to 5 and Groups 6 to 9, the BD was supplemented with 4 increasing doses of methionine as either DLM or DL-HMTBA. The trial was run from ages 1 to 42 d. Dietary supplementation with DLM and DL-HMTBA improved body weight gain and feed intake as well as weights of carcasses, breast meat, and feathers compared with the BD. No significant difference was observed between the 2 methionine sources on growth performance, carcass traits, and feather growth. Concentrations of some redox markers in the pectoralis major muscle were improved by addition of methionine to the BD. However, a significant difference was observed between DLM and DL-HMTBA in this respect, as the supplementation of DL-HMTBA significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, and the concentration of reduced glutathione in the pectoralis major muscle, compared with DLM. No significant difference between methionine sources was found with regard to the concentrations of oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde in the pectoralis major muscle. Both DLM and DL-HMTBA increased malondialdehyde concentrations in the pectoralis major muscle compared with the BD. In conclusion, these results indicated that DLM and DL-HMTBA have equal biological value for the growth performance, carcass traits, and feather growth of Cherry Valley duck. Moreover, the improved antioxidant capacity observed with DL-HMTBA makes this a better candidate than DLM for lowering the oxidation process in the meat during post-mortem storage and thereby contributes to a better duck meat quality.

ACS Style

Ling Zhao; Ni-Ya Zhang; Yun-Xin Pan; Luo-Yi Zhu; Dolores I Batonon-Alavo; Li-Bao Ma; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid compared to DL-Methionine on growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox status of Cherry Valley ducks. Poultry Science 2018, 97, 3166 -3175.

AMA Style

Ling Zhao, Ni-Ya Zhang, Yun-Xin Pan, Luo-Yi Zhu, Dolores I Batonon-Alavo, Li-Bao Ma, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid compared to DL-Methionine on growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox status of Cherry Valley ducks. Poultry Science. 2018; 97 (9):3166-3175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Zhao; Ni-Ya Zhang; Yun-Xin Pan; Luo-Yi Zhu; Dolores I Batonon-Alavo; Li-Bao Ma; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2018. "Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid compared to DL-Methionine on growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox status of Cherry Valley ducks." Poultry Science 97, no. 9: 3166-3175.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in The Journal of Nutrition
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BackgroundZearalenone (ZEN) can cause serious defects in development and reproduction in humans and animals. Silymarin shows antioxidant and estrogenic effects.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine if silymarin can antagonize ZEN-induced hepatic and reproductive toxicities.MethodsThirty-five 21-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7/diet) were fed a control diet (Ctrl) or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg with 100, 200, or 500 mg silymarin/kg for 6 wk. Serum, livers, ovaries, and uterus were collected at week 6 for biochemistry, hormone, and redox status and selected gene and protein assays.ResultsThe consumption of ZEN decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight by 17.9%, induced liver injury, increased (P < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and decreased (P < 0.05) total protein and albumin concentrations in serum by 16.7–40.6%. ZEN also caused reproductive toxicity, including decreased (P < 0.05) 17β-estradiol and increased (P < 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations in serum by 12.7–46.3% and induced histopathologic alterations in the liver, ovaries, and uterus. Interestingly, these alterations induced by ZEN were alleviated (P < 0.05) by silymarin supplementation at 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg. Moreover, silymarin supplementation at the 3 doses mitigated (P < 0.05) ZEN-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde concentration by 17.6–100%. Meanwhile, silymarin supplementation at all doses upregulated (P < 0.05) phospho-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p-RPS6KB1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) by 43.0–121% but downregulated (P < 0.05) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3A) in the liver relative to the ZEN group by 11.2–40.6%. In addition, silymarin supplementation at all doses elevated (P < 0.05) HSD3B by 1.8- to 2.5-fold and decreased (P < 0.05) estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), ATP binding cassette (ABC) c1, and Abcc5 in ovaries and the uterus by 10.7-63.2%.ConclusionDietary silymarin supplementation at 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg protected rats from ZEN-induced hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, potentially through improvement in the antioxidant capacity and regulation in the genes related to protein synthesis, ZEN metabolism, hormone synthesis, and ABC transporters in the tissues.

ACS Style

Xin Gao; Zhuo-Hui Xiao; Meng Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Chang-Qin Gu; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats. The Journal of Nutrition 2018, 148, 1209 -1216.

AMA Style

Xin Gao, Zhuo-Hui Xiao, Meng Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Khalil, Chang-Qin Gu, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats. The Journal of Nutrition. 2018; 148 (8):1209-1216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Gao; Zhuo-Hui Xiao; Meng Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Chang-Qin Gu; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2018. "Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats." The Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 8: 1209-1216.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental toxicity of male offspring induced by prenatal ZEN exposure and explored the possible mechanism. 64 pregnant rats were allocated into four groups and fed with ZEN contaminated (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) diet during the whole gestation period. The results showed that, F1 male foetal viability was not affected while newborn bodyweight (BW) was significantly decreased after prenatal exposure to ZEN. Decreased BW was found on postnatal day (PND) 21 but not on PND 63 in ZEN exposed male rats. Moreover, adult testis weight increased with seminiferous tubules atrophy as well as decreased spermatocytes and mature sperms (35% and 31%) in ZEN-treated rats. Meanwhile, circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone decreased while estradiol increased in ZEN-treated rats. These impairments concurred with down-regulations of 3β-HSD and StAR in both mRNA and protein levels in weaned and adult testis. Furthermore, gene and protein expressions of GnRHr and Esr1 were inhibited in the ZEN-treated foetal brain. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure disrupted the system regulating the reproductive hormones and testis development through hormone related genes, which may result in a reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.

ACS Style

Xin Gao; ZhuoHui Xiao; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Luoyi Zhu; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Shahid Ali Rajput; Desheng Qi. Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 116, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Xin Gao, ZhuoHui Xiao, Chong Li, Jiacai Zhang, Luoyi Zhu, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Shahid Ali Rajput, Desheng Qi. Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2018; 116 ():11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Gao; ZhuoHui Xiao; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Luoyi Zhu; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Shahid Ali Rajput; Desheng Qi. 2018. "Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats." Food and Chemical Toxicology 116, no. : 11-19.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2017 in Toxins
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Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens.

ACS Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371 .

AMA Style

Shahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Xin Gao, Zhao Ling, Luoyi Zhu, Farhan Anwar Khan, Jiacai Zhang, Desheng Qi. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins. 2017; 9 (11):371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. 2017. "Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1." Toxins 9, no. 11: 371.