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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with four replicates of six birds each. The four groups, 1–4, received a basal diet (BD), a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, and a BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for two weeks. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, and small intestinal histopathology were analyzed. Compared to the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio by 11.4%–31.8% during the whole experiment. It also decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9%–16.1%. The alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated (p < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation prevented (p < 0.05) increased serum aspartate aminotransferase by T-2 toxin at d 14. It also prevented (p < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. However, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (p > 0.05) any of these variables. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hepatic and small intestinal injuries in chicks.
Jin-Tao Wei; Kun-Tan Wu; Hua Sun; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Jie-Fan Dai; Ying Liu; Qiang Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks. Toxins 2019, 11, 199 .
AMA StyleJin-Tao Wei, Kun-Tan Wu, Hua Sun, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Jie-Fan Dai, Ying Liu, Qiang Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks. Toxins. 2019; 11 (4):199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin-Tao Wei; Kun-Tan Wu; Hua Sun; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Jie-Fan Dai; Ying Liu; Qiang Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2019. "A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks." Toxins 11, no. 4: 199.
With the shortage of common vegetable fat sources, such as soybean oil (SBO), it is urgent to find alternative oil sources for broiler producers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of refined cottonseed oil (CSO) as a replacement for SBO in broiler diets. A total of 180 chickens at 1 d of age were randomly assigned to five treatments of six replicates. One treatment was the basal diet (control), and the other four experimental diets were formulated from the basal diet by replacing (w/w) 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the SBO with refined CSO (only containing 0.2% cyclopropenoid fatty acids, and no free gossypol was detected). At the end of week 6, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and the breast muscle was aseptically isolated from two birds per replicate. The results showed that substitution of CSO for low‐level SBO had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on broiler performance during the starter period (week 1–3), while 50% level of CSO inclusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) ADG and improved FCR compared with the control group during the finisher period (week 4–6). Broilers fed 100% CSO diets had lower (p < 0.05) levels of serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHO) concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity than that of the control broilers. Furthermore, the serum antioxidant status appeared to be enhanced by CSO. Additionally, high levels of CSO (75 and 100%) significantly increased the proportions of C14:0 and C18:0 but decreased the proportions of C18:1n9t, C18:2n6c, and ∑ n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast muscles of broilers. Overall, the SBO could be replaced with refined CSO up to 50% in diets for broilers without adversely affecting the performance, liver functions, and breast muscle fatty acid composition of these broilers.
Ao Yang; Ming Qi; Xu Wang; Shuai Wang; Lvhui Sun; Desheng Qi; Luoyi Zhu; Yongzhi Duan; Xin Gao; Shahid Ali Rajput; Niya Zhang. Refined cottonseed oil as a replacement for soybean oil in broiler diet. Food Science & Nutrition 2019, 7, 1027 -1034.
AMA StyleAo Yang, Ming Qi, Xu Wang, Shuai Wang, Lvhui Sun, Desheng Qi, Luoyi Zhu, Yongzhi Duan, Xin Gao, Shahid Ali Rajput, Niya Zhang. Refined cottonseed oil as a replacement for soybean oil in broiler diet. Food Science & Nutrition. 2019; 7 (3):1027-1034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAo Yang; Ming Qi; Xu Wang; Shuai Wang; Lvhui Sun; Desheng Qi; Luoyi Zhu; Yongzhi Duan; Xin Gao; Shahid Ali Rajput; Niya Zhang. 2019. "Refined cottonseed oil as a replacement for soybean oil in broiler diet." Food Science & Nutrition 7, no. 3: 1027-1034.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + AFB1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE); 4. Basal diet + AFB1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of IκBα protein induced by AFB1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.
Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Zhao Ling; Li Chong; Shuai Wang; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Bloch; Farhan Anwar Khan; Aftab Shaukat; Desheng Qi. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers. Toxins 2019, 11, 23 .
AMA StyleShahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Zhao Ling, Li Chong, Shuai Wang, Imran Rashid Rajput, Dost Muhammad Bloch, Farhan Anwar Khan, Aftab Shaukat, Desheng Qi. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers. Toxins. 2019; 11 (1):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Zhao Ling; Li Chong; Shuai Wang; Imran Rashid Rajput; Dost Muhammad Bloch; Farhan Anwar Khan; Aftab Shaukat; Desheng Qi. 2019. "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers." Toxins 11, no. 1: 23.
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are efficient defense components of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in intestinal homeostasis and protection against pathogens. This study aims to investigate the interference effects of DON on the intestinal porcine HDPs expression in piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which it functions. In an animal experiment, intestinal HDPs were determined in weaned piglets fed control and 1.28 mg/kg or 2.89 mg/kg DON-contaminated diets. Dietary exposure to DON significantly decreased piglet average daily gain, increased intestinal permeability and depressed the expression of porcine β-defensin1 (pBD1), pBD2, pBD3, epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), PMAP23, and proline/arginine-rich peptide of 39 amino acids (PR39) in the intestine (p < 0.05). In IPEC-J2 cells, DON decreased cell viability and inhibited the expression of pBD1, pBD3, pEP2C, PG1-5, and PR39 (p < 0.05). NOD2, key regulator that is responsible for HDPs production, was markedly downregulated, whereas caspase-12 was activated in the presence of DON. In conclusion, DON induced caspase-12 activation and inhibited the NOD2-mediated HDPs production, which led to an impaired intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets. Our study provides a promising target for future therapeutic strategies to prevent the adverse effects of DON.
Shuai Wang; Jiacheng Yang; Beiyu Zhang; Kuntan Wu; Ao Yang; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Cong Zhang; Shahid Ali Rajput; Niya Zhang; Lvhui Sun; Desheng Qi. Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells. Toxins 2018, 10, 541 .
AMA StyleShuai Wang, Jiacheng Yang, Beiyu Zhang, Kuntan Wu, Ao Yang, Chong Li, Jiacai Zhang, Cong Zhang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Niya Zhang, Lvhui Sun, Desheng Qi. Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells. Toxins. 2018; 10 (12):541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuai Wang; Jiacheng Yang; Beiyu Zhang; Kuntan Wu; Ao Yang; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Cong Zhang; Shahid Ali Rajput; Niya Zhang; Lvhui Sun; Desheng Qi. 2018. "Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells." Toxins 10, no. 12: 541.
The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper
Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371. Toxins 2018, 10, 366 .
AMA StyleShahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Xin Gao, Zhao Ling, Luoyi Zhu, Farhan Anwar Khan, Jiacai Zhang, Desheng Qi. Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371. Toxins. 2018; 10 (9):366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. 2018. "Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371." Toxins 10, no. 9: 366.
BackgroundZearalenone (ZEN) can cause serious defects in development and reproduction in humans and animals. Silymarin shows antioxidant and estrogenic effects.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine if silymarin can antagonize ZEN-induced hepatic and reproductive toxicities.MethodsThirty-five 21-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7/diet) were fed a control diet (Ctrl) or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg with 100, 200, or 500 mg silymarin/kg for 6 wk. Serum, livers, ovaries, and uterus were collected at week 6 for biochemistry, hormone, and redox status and selected gene and protein assays.ResultsThe consumption of ZEN decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight by 17.9%, induced liver injury, increased (P < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and decreased (P < 0.05) total protein and albumin concentrations in serum by 16.7–40.6%. ZEN also caused reproductive toxicity, including decreased (P < 0.05) 17β-estradiol and increased (P < 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations in serum by 12.7–46.3% and induced histopathologic alterations in the liver, ovaries, and uterus. Interestingly, these alterations induced by ZEN were alleviated (P < 0.05) by silymarin supplementation at 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg. Moreover, silymarin supplementation at the 3 doses mitigated (P < 0.05) ZEN-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde concentration by 17.6–100%. Meanwhile, silymarin supplementation at all doses upregulated (P < 0.05) phospho-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p-RPS6KB1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) by 43.0–121% but downregulated (P < 0.05) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3A) in the liver relative to the ZEN group by 11.2–40.6%. In addition, silymarin supplementation at all doses elevated (P < 0.05) HSD3B by 1.8- to 2.5-fold and decreased (P < 0.05) estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), ATP binding cassette (ABC) c1, and Abcc5 in ovaries and the uterus by 10.7-63.2%.ConclusionDietary silymarin supplementation at 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg protected rats from ZEN-induced hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, potentially through improvement in the antioxidant capacity and regulation in the genes related to protein synthesis, ZEN metabolism, hormone synthesis, and ABC transporters in the tissues.
Xin Gao; Zhuo-Hui Xiao; Meng Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Chang-Qin Gu; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats. The Journal of Nutrition 2018, 148, 1209 -1216.
AMA StyleXin Gao, Zhuo-Hui Xiao, Meng Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Khalil, Chang-Qin Gu, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats. The Journal of Nutrition. 2018; 148 (8):1209-1216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Zhuo-Hui Xiao; Meng Liu; Ni-Ya Zhang; Mahmoud Khalil; Chang-Qin Gu; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2018. "Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats." The Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 8: 1209-1216.
The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental toxicity of male offspring induced by prenatal ZEN exposure and explored the possible mechanism. 64 pregnant rats were allocated into four groups and fed with ZEN contaminated (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) diet during the whole gestation period. The results showed that, F1 male foetal viability was not affected while newborn bodyweight (BW) was significantly decreased after prenatal exposure to ZEN. Decreased BW was found on postnatal day (PND) 21 but not on PND 63 in ZEN exposed male rats. Moreover, adult testis weight increased with seminiferous tubules atrophy as well as decreased spermatocytes and mature sperms (35% and 31%) in ZEN-treated rats. Meanwhile, circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone decreased while estradiol increased in ZEN-treated rats. These impairments concurred with down-regulations of 3β-HSD and StAR in both mRNA and protein levels in weaned and adult testis. Furthermore, gene and protein expressions of GnRHr and Esr1 were inhibited in the ZEN-treated foetal brain. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure disrupted the system regulating the reproductive hormones and testis development through hormone related genes, which may result in a reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.
Xin Gao; ZhuoHui Xiao; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Luoyi Zhu; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Shahid Ali Rajput; Desheng Qi. Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 116, 11 -19.
AMA StyleXin Gao, ZhuoHui Xiao, Chong Li, Jiacai Zhang, Luoyi Zhu, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Shahid Ali Rajput, Desheng Qi. Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2018; 116 ():11-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; ZhuoHui Xiao; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; Luoyi Zhu; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Shahid Ali Rajput; Desheng Qi. 2018. "Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats." Food and Chemical Toxicology 116, no. : 11-19.
The objective of this study was to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in feedstuffs from different Provinces of China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 1569 samples, including 742 feed ingredients and 827 complete pig feed samples, were collected from various regions of China for mycotoxins analysis. The results showed that individual occurrence rates of AFB1, ZEN, and DON were more than 83.3%, 88%, and 74.5%, respectively, in all the tested samples. DON was the most prevalent contaminant, followed by ZEN and AFB1, with the average concentrations ranging from 450.0–4381.5 μg/kg, 2.3–729.2 μg/kg, and 1.3–10.0 μg/kg, respectively. Notable, 38.2%, 10.8%, and 0.6% of complete pig feeds were contaminated with DON, ZEN, and AFB1 over China’s regulatory limits, respectively. Moreover, over 75.0% analyzed samples were co-contaminated with two or three mycotoxins. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the feedstuffs in China were severely contaminated with DON, followed by ZEN and AFB1 during the past two years. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring mycotoxins in livestock feed and implementing feed management and bioremediation strategies to reduce mycotoxin exposure.
Rui Ma; Lei Zhang; Meng Liu; Yong-Teng Su; Wen-Mei Xie; Ni-Ya Zhang; Jie-Fan Dai; Yun Wang; Shahid Ali Rajput; De-Sheng Qi; Niel Alexander Karrow; Lv-Hui Sun. Individual and Combined Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds in China. Toxins 2018, 10, 113 .
AMA StyleRui Ma, Lei Zhang, Meng Liu, Yong-Teng Su, Wen-Mei Xie, Ni-Ya Zhang, Jie-Fan Dai, Yun Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, De-Sheng Qi, Niel Alexander Karrow, Lv-Hui Sun. Individual and Combined Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds in China. Toxins. 2018; 10 (3):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Ma; Lei Zhang; Meng Liu; Yong-Teng Su; Wen-Mei Xie; Ni-Ya Zhang; Jie-Fan Dai; Yun Wang; Shahid Ali Rajput; De-Sheng Qi; Niel Alexander Karrow; Lv-Hui Sun. 2018. "Individual and Combined Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds in China." Toxins 10, no. 3: 113.
Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens.
Shahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371 .
AMA StyleShahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Xin Gao, Zhao Ling, Luoyi Zhu, Farhan Anwar Khan, Jiacai Zhang, Desheng Qi. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins. 2017; 9 (11):371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Ali Rajput; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil; Xin Gao; Zhao Ling; Luoyi Zhu; Farhan Anwar Khan; Jiacai Zhang; Desheng Qi. 2017. "Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1." Toxins 9, no. 11: 371.
The bacterial membrane-targeted polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH) and its novel analog polyoctamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (POGH) had excellent antimicrobial activities against antibiotics-resistant bacteria. However, the biocompatibility aspects of PHGH and POGH on the phospholipid membrane of the eukaryotic cell have not yet been considered. Four chemically synthesized cationic oligoguanidine polymers containing alkyl group with different carbon chain lengths, including PHGH, POGH, and their two analogs, were used to determine their interactions with zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) phospholipids vesicles mimicking the eukaryotic cell membrane. Characterization was conducted by using bactericidal dynamics, hemolysis testing, calcein dye leakage, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Results showed that the gradually lengthened alkyl carbon chain of four oligoguanidine polymers increased the biocidal activity of the polymer, accompanied with the increased hemolytic activity, calcein dye leakage rate and the increased absolute value of the exothermic effect of polymer-POPC membrane interaction. The thermodynamic curve of the polymer-POPC membrane interaction exhibited a very weak exothermic effect and a poorly unsaturated titration curve, which indicated that four guanidine polymers had weak affinity for zwitterionic POPC vesicles. Generally, PHGH of four guanidine polymers had high biocidal activity and relatively high biocompatibility. This study emphasized that appropriate amphiphilicity balanced by the alkyl chain length, and the positive charge is important factor for the biocompatibility of cationic antimicrobial guanidine polymer. Both PHGH and POGH exhibited destructive power to phospholipid membrane of eukaryotic cell, which should be considered in their industry applications.
Xuliang Luo; Ziran Jiang; Niya Zhang; Zixin Yang; Zhongxin Zhou. Interactions of Biocidal Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride and Its Analogs with POPC Model Membranes. Polymers 2017, 9, 517 .
AMA StyleXuliang Luo, Ziran Jiang, Niya Zhang, Zixin Yang, Zhongxin Zhou. Interactions of Biocidal Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride and Its Analogs with POPC Model Membranes. Polymers. 2017; 9 (12):517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuliang Luo; Ziran Jiang; Niya Zhang; Zixin Yang; Zhongxin Zhou. 2017. "Interactions of Biocidal Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride and Its Analogs with POPC Model Membranes." Polymers 9, no. 12: 517.
Advances in antimicrobial activities of molecule-containing, multiple guanidinium groups against antibiotics-resistant bacteria should be noted. The synthesized polyoctamethylene monoguanidine hydrochloride (POGH), carrying cationic amphiphilic moieties, display excellent activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and other antibiotics-resistant bacteria. The membrane damage effects of POGH on MDR-PA were clarified using beta-lactamase activity assay, confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that POGH disrupted both the outer and inner membranes and the intracellular structure of MDR-PA to different extents depending on the dose. All concentrations of POGH within 3–23 μg/mL increased the outer membrane permeability, which facilitated the release of beta-lactamase across the inner membrane. A median dose (10 μg/mL) of POGH led to the separation of the inner and outer membrane, an increase in the membrane gap, and outer membrane structure damage with still maintained overall cytoskeletal structures. The application of a 30 μg/mL dose of POGH led to the collapse of the outer membrane, cellular wrinkling, and shrinkage, and the formation of local membrane holes. The disruption of the outer and inner membranes and the formation of the local membrane holes by a relative high dose were probably the main bactericidal mechanism of POGH. The microscopic evidence explained the strong outer-membrane permeation ability of guanidine-based antimicrobial polymers, which could be considered for the molecular design of novel guanidine-based polymers, as well as the damaged membrane structure and intracellular structure of MDR-PA.
Xun Cao; Lu Meng; Niya Zhang; Zhongxin Zhou. Microscopic Examination of Polymeric Monoguanidine, Hydrochloride-Induced Cell Membrane Damage in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polymers 2017, 9, 398 .
AMA StyleXun Cao, Lu Meng, Niya Zhang, Zhongxin Zhou. Microscopic Examination of Polymeric Monoguanidine, Hydrochloride-Induced Cell Membrane Damage in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polymers. 2017; 9 (12):398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXun Cao; Lu Meng; Niya Zhang; Zhongxin Zhou. 2017. "Microscopic Examination of Polymeric Monoguanidine, Hydrochloride-Induced Cell Membrane Damage in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Polymers 9, no. 12: 398.
In China, consumers sometimes get special eggs, which are characterized by the pasty, firm, and elastic texture of yolk from hard-boiled eggs and are usually called “rubber eggs” by Chinese customers. Consumers do not like the texture of rubber eggs and often associate the odd texture of the yolk to food safety risks. The objective of this study was to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of these eggs. A total of 200 46-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into 2 groups and were fed for 2 weeks. One group was fed on a corn-soybean meal based diet (BD) and served as control whereas the second group's diet contained 6% cottonseed meal (CSM), which was in replacement of the SBW. The yolks of hard-cooked eggs of the CSM group had harder and more elastic yolks than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Also, the levels of stearic and myristic acids in the yolk of the CSM group also were increased (P < 0.01), while the myristoleic, pentadecanoic, arachidic, cis-11-eicosenoic and cis-11, 14-eicosadienoic acids and crude protein, fat, phospholipids, chloride, calcium, and iron were decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hens fed a diet that was incorporated with 6% cottonseed meal laid eggs that had unique physical and chemical characteristics and lower nutritional values. These results might help to guide limited incorporation of CSM in laying hen diet, and provide some evidences on the mechanism of the observed physical and chemical changes.
M. Qi; L-H. Sun; J. Guo; J. Liu; Y-Z. Duan; X. Wang; C-P. Zeng; D-S. Qi; N-Y. Zhang. Abnormal characteristics of eggs laid by hens fed with high levels of cottonseed meal. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2017, 26, 122 -129.
AMA StyleM. Qi, L-H. Sun, J. Guo, J. Liu, Y-Z. Duan, X. Wang, C-P. Zeng, D-S. Qi, N-Y. Zhang. Abnormal characteristics of eggs laid by hens fed with high levels of cottonseed meal. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 2017; 26 (1):122-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Qi; L-H. Sun; J. Guo; J. Liu; Y-Z. Duan; X. Wang; C-P. Zeng; D-S. Qi; N-Y. Zhang. 2017. "Abnormal characteristics of eggs laid by hens fed with high levels of cottonseed meal." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 26, no. 1: 122-129.
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in food and feed products and can affect reproduction and development in both humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the toxic effects of ZEN on maternal SD rats and the F1 female offspring. Sixty-four pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups and exposed to feed contaminated with ZEN (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg feed) on gestational days (GDs) 0–21. Compared with the controls, the groups exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN showed significantly decreased feed intake and body weight of pregnant rats and/or female offspring. Meanwhile, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly decreased the birth weight and viability of F1 newborn rats. Moreover, 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN diets increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations but decreased oestradiol in both maternal and F1 adult rats. In the F1 generation, ZEN caused no pathological changes in ovaries and uterus in weaned rats, but significant follicular atresia and a thinning uterine layer were found in F1 female adult rats in the 20 mg/kg ZEN group. These impairments concurred with the inhibited mRNA and protein levels of oestrogen receptor-alpha (Esr1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) in the adult uterus and/or ovaries. Furthermore, 10 and/or 20 mg/kg ZEN exposure significantly reduced Esr1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), and ATP binding cassette transporters b1 and c1 (ABCb1 and ABCc1) in the placenta and foetal and weaned F1 brains, and also produced a dose-dependent increase in 3β-HSD in the placenta. Additionally, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly upregulated ABCc5 expression in the placenta and ovaries of weaned rats. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure in rats affected maternal and foetal development and may lead to long-term reproductive impairment in F1 adult females.
Xin Gao; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; ZhuoHui Xiao; Desheng Qi. Gestational Zearalenone Exposure Causes Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Pregnant Rats and Female Offspring. Toxins 2017, 9, 21 .
AMA StyleXin Gao, Lvhui Sun, Niya Zhang, Chong Li, Jiacai Zhang, ZhuoHui Xiao, Desheng Qi. Gestational Zearalenone Exposure Causes Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Pregnant Rats and Female Offspring. Toxins. 2017; 9 (1):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Lvhui Sun; Niya Zhang; Chong Li; Jiacai Zhang; ZhuoHui Xiao; Desheng Qi. 2017. "Gestational Zearalenone Exposure Causes Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Pregnant Rats and Female Offspring." Toxins 9, no. 1: 21.
This study was designed to establish if Curcumin (CM) alleviates Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxic effects and to determine whether alteration of the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes is involved in the regulation of these effects in chick liver. One-day-old male broilers (n = 120) were divided into four groups and used in a two by two factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementing AFB1 (< 5 vs. 100 μg/kg) and CM (0 vs. 150 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, significantly decreasing albumin and total protein concentrations and increasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, and induced hepatic histological lesions at week 2. AFB1 also significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, while increasing malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations. In addition, the mRNA and/or activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO—including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4—were significantly induced in liver microsomes after 2-week exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by CM supplementation. Conclusively, dietary CM protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of increased antioxidant capacities and inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO.
Ni-Ya Zhang; Ming Qi; Ling Zhao; Ming-Kun Zhu; Jiao Guo; Jie Liu; Chang-Qin Gu; Shahid Ali Rajput; Christopher Steven Krumm; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver. Toxins 2016, 8, 327 .
AMA StyleNi-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Ling Zhao, Ming-Kun Zhu, Jiao Guo, Jie Liu, Chang-Qin Gu, Shahid Ali Rajput, Christopher Steven Krumm, De-Sheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver. Toxins. 2016; 8 (11):327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNi-Ya Zhang; Ming Qi; Ling Zhao; Ming-Kun Zhu; Jiao Guo; Jie Liu; Chang-Qin Gu; Shahid Ali Rajput; Christopher Steven Krumm; De-Sheng Qi; Lv-Hui Sun. 2016. "Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver." Toxins 8, no. 11: 327.
Background: The involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes and the selenogenome in selenium-mediated protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced adverse effects in broilers remains unclear. Objective: This study was designed first to determine whether selenium could reduce AFB1-induced hepatotoxic effects and then to determine whether these effects were due to changes in the CYP450 isozymes and selenogenome expression in the liver of chicks. Methods: Male avian broilers (aged 120 d) were allocated to 4 groups with 5 replicates of 6 birds to be included in a 2-by-2 factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementation of AFB1 (<5 compared with 100 μg/kg) and selenium (0.2 compared with 0.5 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet for 4 wk. Serum biochemistry, hepatic histology, and mRNA and/or activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, CYP450 isozymes, and 26 selenoproteins were analyzed at week 2 and/or 4. Results: Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, decreasing (P < 0.05) total protein and albumin concentrations by 33.3–43.8% and increasing (P < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities by 26.0–33.8% in serum, and induced hepatic necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia at week 2. AFB1 also decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), and catalase, and the glutathione concentration by 13.1–59.9% and increased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) DNA concentrations by 17.9–1200%. In addition, the mRNA and activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO, which included CYP450 A1, 1A2, 2A6, and 3A4, were significantly induced (P < 0.05) by 29.2–271% in liver microsomes after 2-wk exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by selenium supplementation. Dietary selenium supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and/or activities of 6 selenoprotein genes (Gpx3, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, iodothyronine deiodinase 2, and selenoprotein N) in the liver of AFB1-treated groups at week 2. Conclusions: Dietary selenium protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO, and increased antioxidant capacities by upregulation of selenoprotein genes coding for antioxidant proteins.
Lv-Hui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Ming-Kun Zhu; Ling Zhao; Ji-Chang Zhou; De-Sheng Qi. Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Selenium Is Associated with Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Up-Regulation of 6 Selenoprotein Genes in Chick Liver. The Journal of Nutrition 2015, 146, 655 -661.
AMA StyleLv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming-Kun Zhu, Ling Zhao, Ji-Chang Zhou, De-Sheng Qi. Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Selenium Is Associated with Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Up-Regulation of 6 Selenoprotein Genes in Chick Liver. The Journal of Nutrition. 2015; 146 (4):655-661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv-Hui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Ming-Kun Zhu; Ling Zhao; Ji-Chang Zhou; De-Sheng Qi. 2015. "Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Selenium Is Associated with Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Up-Regulation of 6 Selenoprotein Genes in Chick Liver." The Journal of Nutrition 146, no. 4: 655-661.
This study was performed to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) within the liver of mice. A total of 56 4-week-old weanling female mice were divided into seven groups (n = 8). For 2 weeks, each group received an oral administration of either solvent (control), AFB1, ZEA, DON, AFB1 + ZEA, AFB1 + DON or ZEA + DON per day. The results showed that AFB1, ZEA and DON induced liver injury, indicated by elevated relative liver weight, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as decreased albumin (ALB) and/or total protein (TP) concentration in the serum. These mycotoxins also decreased hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and/or increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, AFB1 + DON displayed synergistic effects, while AFB1 + ZEA displayed antagonistic effects on those parameters previously described. Furthermore, the apoptotic potential was demonstrated associated with an upregulation of the apoptotic genes Caspase-3 and Bax, along with a downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 in liver. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the toxic effects of AFB1, ZEA, DON, alone or in combinations on the liver of mice, which could contribute to the risk assessment of these mycotoxins in food and feed.
Lv-Hui Sun; Ming-Yan Lei; Ni-Ya Zhang; Ling Zhao; Christopher Steven Krumm; De-Sheng Qi. Hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2014, 74, 289 -293.
AMA StyleLv-Hui Sun, Ming-Yan Lei, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ling Zhao, Christopher Steven Krumm, De-Sheng Qi. Hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2014; 74 ():289-293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv-Hui Sun; Ming-Yan Lei; Ni-Ya Zhang; Ling Zhao; Christopher Steven Krumm; De-Sheng Qi. 2014. "Hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mice." Food and Chemical Toxicology 74, no. : 289-293.
Tin (Sn) is widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of Sn can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of Sn in livestock health and productivity. This study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of prolonged high intake of dietary Sn on broilers. 150 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups, with five replicates of six birds. For 6 weeks, each group was fed a corn-soybean basal diet (BD) or BD + Sn (as SnCl2) at 120, 240, 480, or 720 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the control, hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased when supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased until Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg. Moreover, dietary Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg decreased BW gain, feed intake, and impaired feed conversion ratio. The 720 mg Sn/kg group also increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), while decreased hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), and hematocrit (HCT) in the blood. Furthermore, the accumulation of Sn in various tissues was dose dependent on Sn ingestion. It was found that the tibia and feather are the two main tissues for Sn accumulation, followed by the liver, kidney, and other tissues in broilers. In conclusion, the adverse effects on broilers were induced when diets supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg. Sn levels also managed to accumulate in the tibia and feather of broilers.
Lv-Hui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Qin-Hui Zhai; Xin Gao; Chong Li; Qiang Zheng; Christopher Steven Krumm; Desheng Qi. Effects of Dietary Tin on Growth Performance, Hematology, Serum Biochemistry, Antioxidant Status, and Tin Retention in Broilers. Biological Trace Element Research 2014, 162, 302 -308.
AMA StyleLv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Qin-Hui Zhai, Xin Gao, Chong Li, Qiang Zheng, Christopher Steven Krumm, Desheng Qi. Effects of Dietary Tin on Growth Performance, Hematology, Serum Biochemistry, Antioxidant Status, and Tin Retention in Broilers. Biological Trace Element Research. 2014; 162 (1-3):302-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv-Hui Sun; Ni-Ya Zhang; Qin-Hui Zhai; Xin Gao; Chong Li; Qiang Zheng; Christopher Steven Krumm; Desheng Qi. 2014. "Effects of Dietary Tin on Growth Performance, Hematology, Serum Biochemistry, Antioxidant Status, and Tin Retention in Broilers." Biological Trace Element Research 162, no. 1-3: 302-308.