The aim of this research is to find out the effect of financial literacy level and demographic factors on investment decision on government employees in Kalibawang Community Health Center, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The population of this research is the government employees in Kalibawang Community Health Center, 29 of them are treated as the sample of this research. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The respondents are those who have been doing investment. The data used in this research are collected with questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Chi Square test. The result shows that financial literacy does not affect investment decision. However, out of the demographic factors, only age, income and investment experience affect investment decision. Meanwhile, the others demograpic factors such as gender and education do not affect investment decision.

The competency of secondary school principals needs to be developed. The development of school principals' competencies needs to pay attention to cultural aspects that develop in the surrounding community. This research was aimed to describe the school principal's competencies according to National Education Ministry Regulation No. 13 (2007) about School Principal's standard competencies and their competencies development based on the values of local wisdom. This piece of research was conducted quantitatively and qualitatively. The research samples were 30 school principals whom their schools were located in the regional of Mataraman cultures. Data was gathered by collecting questionnaires (open and closed questions) and also interviews. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of this study are as follows: first, the school principals have been good at social and personality competences, yet the managerial, entrepreneurial, and supervision competences were still in adequate level; second, school principals already comprehended the values of Sistem Among and some of them had been implemented them. However, they had not been comprehend the leadership values based on Asta Brata and Sastra Gending; third, most of leadership values were based on Asta Brata, Sistem Among, and Sastra Gending that were compatible to the school principals and used for developing their leadership.

The recent multidimensional crisis has harmed the global economy because countries are currently integrated. In this study, we examine the spillover effect of the United States (US) interest rate on the output gap of ASEAN+3 countries using the dynamic spatial Durbin model from 2010 to 2020. After controlling for various institutional variables, this analysis further examines the effect of the exchange rate and the COVID-19 pandemic on the output gap. This model captures the spatial interactions and short- and long-term effects of interest rate monetary policies. The findings indicate a negative spillover effect of the US central bank interest rate on ASEAN+3 countries’ output gap. The result had significant direct and indirect short-term effects. Additionally, exchange rates negatively affect the output gap. The output gap decreased because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is expected to be useful for monetary authorities in developing the best monetary policy for economic recovery.

The aim of this study is to scrutinize how Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) in the culinary industry manage their finances according to demographics and financial literacy. A number of MSMEs in the culinary field operating in Catur Tunggal Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta was used as the sample which were selected using non-random sampling. Questionnaire was the instrument to collect data from the respondents and Chi Square analysis was employed as the data analysis technique. This study revealed that age and financial literacy of the MSME actors correlate partially with financial management. However, monthly income and educational level have no correlation with financial management. This results suggest that MSME actors can manage their business finances better if their financial literacy (knowledge) improves. As a result, they can maintain their business and enhance their standard of life.

This study was conducted to analyze financial ratios effects towards Stock Returns in which the mediating variable is Price Earning Ratio (PER). The financial ratios are Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Return on Equity (ROE). This study uses a population of 65 real estate and property enterprises appeared in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research’s samples are 36 companies registered in 2018-2020 IDX list. The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square. The results showed (1) ROE and DER did not directly affect Stock Returns, (2) PBV directly affected Stock Returns, (3) ROE had an effect on Stock Returns partially mediated by the PER, (4) PBV and PER had no effect on Stock Returns mediated by the PER. The implications of the research result in investors needing to know the right time to make profitable investment decisions by analyzing the company's financial ratios to Stock Returns, which are an indicator of the level of profit earned by investors.