The composite TiO₂/Mo-TiO₂ were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET analysis, SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The structural characterization results demonstrated that Mo was successfully doped into the TiO₂ lattice and caused slight changes in the physiochemical properties. The UV–vis DRS showed a red shift of the adsorption edge to the visible region. The photocatalytic decomposition efficiencies of the catalysts were examined with toluene as a typical VOC in a continuous flow reactor. The photocatalytic activity of the n-n heterogeneous TiO₂/Mo-TiO₂ was greater than that of pure TiO₂ and Mo-TiO₂, and the catalyst containing a Mo/Ti mole ratio of 2.5% exhibited optimum photocatalytic properties. In general, a relative humidity of 35%, a higher oxygen content, a lower initial toluene concentration, and a higher UV intensity were beneficial for toluene decomposition.

Ce/TiO₂–SiO₂ catalysts with different Ti/Si molar ratios are prepared by the incipient impregnation method and their NH₃-SCR activities are evaluated at 100–500°C on a fixed reactor. The Ce/TiO₂–SiO₂ (3/1) catalyst, modified by non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment and then activated by thermal treatment at 500°C for 4 h, exhibits best performance. Comprehensive deNO_x performance of the catalyst is evidently improved and its efficiency reaches up to 99.21% at 350°C. NO conversion efficiency of the treated catalyst doped with K remains about 90.23% at 300°C and the catalyst also shows improved activity at lower temperatures. Various characterization methods show that the activity enhancement is correlated only with NTP treatment, as it increases the number of Ce³⁺ species, which generates more chemisorbed oxygen, leads to improved dispersion of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites and finally has an inherent etching effect.

A series of Zirconium modified MnO_x/Attapulgite (aZr–Mn/ATP) catalysts were synthesized by sol–gel method and evaluated for their performance in the low-temperature NH₃-SCR of NO and resistance to sulfur dioxide (SO₂). It was found that the NO conversion of Mn/ATP catalyst significantly improved after adding Zr. Among the catalysts investigated, the 4%Zr–Mn/ATP catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity, 96% NO conversion at 200°C, almost 100% N₂ selectivity in the whole test temperature range and good resistance to SO₂. The properties of catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR spectra, SEM and N₂ adsorption. In the catalyst, ATP is the support which supplies high surface areas, manganese (Mn₃O₄ and MnO₂) as the main active component plays an important role for NO reduction and zirconium (ZrO₂) acts as the auxiliary catalyst which can improve the diffusion of Mn, boost the low-temperature reduction performance and enhance the N₂ selectivity of the catalyst.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a decline in cognitive, learning, and memory abilities. Neuroinflammation is associated with the spread of tau tangles in the neocortex of AD, leading to cognitive impairment. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenesis of Neuroinflammation and finding effective treatments are the crucial issues for the clinical management of AD.Method: We systematically review the latest research on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of AD in PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier SD.Result: In this review, the mechanism of the effect of gut‐brain axis lipid metabolism mediated by circadian rhythm on AD was discussed, and we also analysed the effects of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by lipid abnormalities on intestinal mucosal barrier and neurodegeneration; furthermore, the importance of lipid homeostasis (phospholipids, fatty acids, sterol) in maintaining the functions of endoplasmic reticulum was emphasized. Meanwhile, as lipid composition affects protein conformation, the membrane phospholipids surrounding sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺‐ATPase (SERCA) that influence SERCA to release Ca²⁺ mediating inflammation were also reviewed.Conclusion: We interpreted the mechanism of action between lipid microdomains and ER membrane proteins, reviewed the role of the new pathway of circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, intestinal mucosa, and brain signaling in the pathogenesis of AD, and proposed strategies to prevent AD by changing the dietary lipid measures.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on the activity and structure of α-amylase. Methods: The inhibitory effects of 7 functional factors were compared by measuring half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to determine the type of inhibition exerted by EGCG and quercetin against α-amylase. The effect of EGCG and quercetin on the conformation of α-amylase was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: Quercetin and EGCG inhibited α-amylase with IC50 values of 1.36 and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively, which were much lower than the IC₅₀ values of the other compounds (puerarin, paeonol, konjac glucomannan and polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide). The Lineweaver−Burk plots indicated that EGCG and quercetin inhibited α-amylase competitively, with ki values of 0.23 and 1.28 mg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that treatment with EGCG and quercetin led to formation of a loosely-structured hydrophobic hydration layer. Conclusion: This study has unraveled the mechanism underlying the inhibition of α-amylase activity by EGCG and quercetin in vitro. This should make for better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the antidiabetic effects of EGCG and quercetin in vivo.