After a tripping of a transmission line, if the fault is transient, fault arc may be extinguished in three different kind of periods: initial, middle and ending period. Existing adaptive auto-reclosing (AAR) schemes cannot cover all kind of situations, which seriously affects application of those AAR schemes. an adaptive comprehensive auto-reclosing (ACAR) scheme for shunt reactor-compensated transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Based on a novel partial tripping method (PTM), two criteria are included in the proposed ACAR scheme. The first criterion is based on fault phase reactive power low-frequency component (RPLC), which can deal with faults extinguished in initial and middle periods; and the other criterion is based on high-frequency component distortion (HCD), which can deal with faults extinguished in middle and ending periods. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiments based on PSCAD/EMTDC indicate that, for different fault categories, locations and transition resistances, the proposed ACAR can distinguish transient faults from permanent ones and determine the fault extinction time rapidly and accurately.

With the increasing penetration of wind power in the power systems, the uncertainties in wind power significantly challenge the reliable and economic operation of power systems. Recently, the worst scenario-based robust optimization approaches have been employed to manage the uncertainties in the unit commitment problem. To further improve the robustness and economic efficiency of power system operation, this paper proposes a flexible robust risk-constrained unit commitment formulation, in which flexible reserve capacities of conventional generators and energy storage are allocated to cope with the uncertainty of wind power. The proposed model optimizes the unit commitment and dispatch solutions for the base case while guaranteeing that the flexible reserve capacity can be adaptively adjusted after wind generation realization. In contrast to the predefined uncertainty set in the conventional robust unit commitment, the proposed model constructs an adjustable and flexible uncertainty set via balancing the operational costs and the operational risk. The model establishes worst-case constraints to optimally allocate the flexible reserve capacity. The proposed model can be equivalently transformed into a single-level optimization problem using the strong duality theory. Numerical case studies on a modified standard test system demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed model.

As the only power output channel of wind farms, wind‐powered outgoing lines carry the risk of reclosing to faults as an applied single‐phase reclosing scheme recloses the outgoing line after a fixed time without distinguishing transient and permanent faults. Although various transient‐fault identification (TFI) methods were proposed for conventional power transmission lines with shunt reactors, they can be hardly utilised on wind‐powered outgoing lines with shunt reactors due to the influence of outgoing line complex working conditions and wind farms inconsistent output power. In this study, reactive power was calculated using the instantaneous power algorithm to obtain the equivalent reactance of the outgoing line faulty phase shunt reactor. Then, a TFI method for the outgoing lines with shunt reactors based on online parameter determination was proposed, a relevant adaptive single‐phase auto‐reclosing (ASPAR) scheme was established. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed TFI method and ASPAR scheme were verified by conducting simulation experiments on the software PSCAD/EMTDC. The experiments confirmed that the proposed ASPAR scheme can achieve immunity to changes in fault location and transition resistance, and are therefore suitable for inconsistent output power of wind farms and complex working conditions of outgoing lines.

To enhance the utilization efficiency of wind and solar renewable energy in industrial parks, reduce operational costs, and optimize the charging experience for electric vehicle (EV) users, this paper proposes a real-time scheduling strategy based on the “Dual Electricity Price Reservation—Surplus Refund Without Additional Charges Mechanism” (DPRSRWAC). The strategy employs a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to analyze EV users’ charging and discharging behaviors within the park, constructing a behavior prediction model. It introduces reservation, penalty, and ticket-grabbing mechanisms, combined with the Interval Optimization Method (IOM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to dynamically solve the optimal reservation electricity price at each time step, thereby guiding user behavior effectively. Furthermore, linear programming (LP) is used to optimize the real-time charging and discharging schedules of EVs, incorporating reservation data into the generation-side model. The generation-side optimal charging and discharging behavior, along with real-time electricity prices, is determined using Dynamic Programming (DP). In addition, this study explicitly considers the battery aging cost associated with V2G operations and proposes a benefit model for EV owners in V2G mode, thereby incentivizing user participation and enhancing acceptance. A simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed strategy effectively reduces park operation costs and user charging costs by 8.0% and 33.1%, respectively, while increasing the utilization efficiency of wind and solar energy by 19.3%. Key performance indicators are significantly improved, indicating the strategy’s economic viability and feasibility. This work provides an effective solution for energy management in smart industrial parks.

In distribution networks, time asynchrony exists between the phasor measuring unit (PMU) at both ends of a line, and the effective measurement time of the devices is short, leading to insufficient accuracy in phasor measurements. This paper proposes a fault location method for distribution networks that employ an additional inductance strategy to address the limited location accuracy caused by time asynchrony and the inadequate accuracy of phasor measurement devices. The method enhances the stability and accuracy of phase measurement by connecting an additional inductance after the online circuit breaker, thus extending the effective measurement time. It uses the symmetrical component method to obtain the positive-sequence and negative-sequence networks following a fault. Time asynchrony is treated as an equivalent asynchronous phase angle, which is then applied to the positive and negative-sequence voltage components. The impact of time asynchrony is mitigated by compensating for the phase angle difference using the ratio of the positive-sequence voltage component to the negative-sequence voltage component. This approach provides the fault location function and has improved the accuracy of fault location, which is advantageous for rapid fault repair.