The aim of this article is to examine existing technologies for the use of electrical energy and to develop proposals for their improvement on maritime vessels. As a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of alternative energy sources on ships, factors such as greenhouse gas emissions levels, production and transportation characteristics, onboard storage conditions, and technoeconomic indicators have been proposed. The analysis of fuel types reveals that hydrogen has zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, transportation and storage issues, along with the high investment required for implementation, pose barriers to the widespread use of hydrogen as fuel for maritime vessels. This article demonstrates that solar energy can serve as an alternative to gases and liquid fuels in maritime transport. The technologies and challenges in utilizing solar energy for shipping are analyzed, trends in solar energy for maritime transport are discussed, and future research directions for the use of solar energy in the maritime sector are proposed. The most significant findings include the identification of future research directions in the application of solar energy in the maritime sector, including the adaptation of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for maritime applications; the development of materials and designs for solar panels specifically tailored to marine conditions; the development of methods for assessing the long-term economic benefits of using solar energy on vessels; and the creation of regulatory frameworks and international standards for the use of solar energy on ships. Furthermore, for hybrid photovoltaic and diesel power systems, promising research directions could include efforts to implement direct torque control systems instead of field-orientated control systems, as well as working on compensating higher harmonics in the phase current spectra of asynchronous motors.

The need for sustainable and environmentally friendly maritime transport and the introduction of International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations on ship emissions have led to the search for a new type of marine fuel. Today, liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a marine fuel is an attractive, potential and technically feasible option for new ships that are being built to comply with air pollution regulations. The aim of the work was to analyze the prospects for the use of LNG as a marine fuel. The set task was achieved by studying the current state of LNG shipping, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different types of fuels, and studying the dominant segments of LNG ships. The implementation of LNG on board ships is carried out along with the development of LNG-powered engines, their control and protection systems, fuel tanks, gas supply systems and infrastructure. The object of the study is the prospects for using LNG as an alternative type of fuel in shipping. The most important result is the conclusion that LNG has significant potential as an alternative to traditional types of fuel in shipping, but requires the development of appropriate infrastructure.

Education is a process of interaction and communication among all participants, in which each of them has an impact on the outcome. Today, in the conditions of the modern world, cooperation between the teacher and the student acquires new forms and characteristics. The teacher is no longer just a source of knowledge but becomes a partner and helper for the student. The quality of communication between the student and the teacher depends on their readiness for dialogue and mutual understanding, absence of coercion and orders. A comprehensive approach to education and communication allows for a deep understanding of the processes and their improvement. Higher education institutions need to pay special attention to issues of strategic communication development, branding, and image. Clear and well-planned communication systems should be implemented at the level of structural units in order to achieve success. Providing adequate material and technical resources as well as information and communication technologies is crucial for effective use of various teaching methods and forms. However, communication between a teacher and a student should not only be about academic topics, but also about support, motivation, and personal development.

This document describes a mathematical model of an induction motor of vehicles taking into account instantaneous magnetic losses in steel. In order to apply the simulation model in conditions of asymmetry of the supply voltage system and the motor windings, the model is made in a three-phase coordinate system using the method of taking into account the influence of the geometric parameters of the windings on the inductance of the motor. Taking into account instantaneous magnetic losses in steel is performed by introducing variable resistances into the electric circuits of the stator and rotor, which are functions of instantaneous magnetic losses in the steel of the electric motor. The simulation results showed a high convergence of the controlled parameters with the results declared by the manufacturer. This approach to the simulation of an induction motor will allow to use the proposed model in the study of electromechanical processes in the traction drive system, taking into account the peculiarities of the operating modes of electric transport.

As the cost of conventional energy continues to rise, and concerns over the environment grow, there is a growing interest in sustainable energy. It is believed that conventional energy will only last for around 50 years, making it essential to find a renewable energy source that is safe and feasible to replace fossil fuels. Solar energy is a superior alternative to conventional energy, as it is renewable and produces green energy that can be used directly. The maritime industry has found itself at the forefront of an evolving environmental consciousness, driven by the imperative to mitigate the carbon footprint left in the wake of ships. In this journey towards sustainability, solar energy has emerged as a beacon of hope, harnessing the boundless energy of the sun to wean vessels off their dependence on fossil fuels. Technological advancements have made solar power more accessible, and we can now see the use of solar panels on large ships and small crafts to reduce fuel usage and emissions. Solar panels are also increasingly used to power homes and businesses, and many countries are implementing policies to encourage their use. Solar energy is a key solution in reducing our dependence on non-renewable energy sources and combating climate change. However, the adoption of solar energy is but a stepping stone towards maritime sustainability, as the integration of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies promises to amplify the industry's environmental impact to unprecedented heights.