In recent years, the green extraction of natural active ingredients has generated widespread attention. And deep eutectic solvents have widely replaced traditional organic solvents. In this study, choline chloride/glycolic acid (1:2) was chosen as the optimal extractant to extract flavonoids from Tartary buckwheat. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: water content of 30%, liquid–solid ratio of 40 mL/g, extraction temperature of 60 °C and extraction time of 40 min. And the extraction efficiency reached 27.22 ± 0.31 mg/g. Then kinetic and thermodynamic mechanisms were investigated comprehensively, and the results showed that the extraction process could be well fitted by Fick’s second law. In addition, macroporous resins were used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The adsorption efficiency of flavonoids on HP20 resins under the optimal conditions (time of 2 h, liquid–resin ratio of 2.5 mL/g, temperature of 25 °C) could reach 80.14 ± 0.33%.

According to ancient Chinese books, bear grease has the effects of strengthening muscles and bones, which is beneficial for weakness, but there is relatively little research on it. Thus, the extraction of it is beneficial for compensating for research in this area. In this study, a uniform experimental design method was used to optimize the extraction process of bear grease by enzymatic hydrolysis extraction, and the extraction rate can reach 81.89% under optimized extraction conditions. Furthermore, the components of bear grease obtained by this study were analyzed by GC-MS, and the results showed that ursolic oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (67.51%), which was higher than that of the traditional method (66.92%). The composition of bear grease extracted by the enzymatic method was also better than that extracted by the traditional method. In addition, bear grease obtained in this study had the obvious activity of promoting hair growth. The length, weight, and number of hair follicles in the depilation area of mice in the high-dose group were significantly different from those in the blank group (p < 0.01). This study optimized the extraction process of bear grease and conducted a preliminary analysis of its fatty acid composition, which is expected to provide some reference for the development of the medicinal value of bear grease.

Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP), a bioactive glucomannan derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Bletilla striata, has garnered increasing attention in both the biomedical and food sectors due to its unique physicochemical properties and diverse biological activities. While existing reviews have partially covered BSP’s structural features or single-field applications, a systematic review integrating its structure–activity relationship, full-spectrum chemical modification strategies, and parallel advances in the dual core fields of biomedicine and the food industry remains lacking. This review systematically consolidates recent advances in BSP research, focusing on three interconnected aspects: (1) the structure–activity relationships of BSP, highlighting how molecular weight (10⁴–10⁵ Da), monosaccharide composition (mainly glucose and mannose with variable ratios), glycosidic linkages, and higher-order self-assembled structures (e.g., triple-helix conformation) dictate its functionality in biological systems and food matrices; (2) chemical modification strategies—including carboxymethylation, graft copolymerization, cross-linking, polysaccharide–trace element complexation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and cholesterylation—that overcome intrinsic limitations of native BSP to enhance solubility, targeting, bioactivity, and food-related functional properties; and (3) the expanding applications of BSP and its derivatives in biomedicine (hemostatic materials, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, immunomodulation, and antitumor effects) and in the food industry (as natural stabilizers, emulsifiers, functional additives, and bio-based packaging components). Compared with previously published reviews, this work establishes a complete closed-loop logical system from structural characterization to rational modification and cross-field application and provides the most up-to-date systematic summary of BSP research. Key challenges—such as an incomplete understanding of structure-function correlations, insufficient pharmacokinetic data, and a lack of standardized quality control—are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical basis for advancing BSP as a versatile multifunctional material for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biomedical fields.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as efficient, green, low-toxicity solvents in the field of natural product extraction and separation. To systematically understand the development trend and research hotspots in this area, this paper, based on databases such as Web of Science, retrieved the relevant literature from 2017 to 2026. Using bibliometric and visualization analysis methods, it conducted an analysis of dimensions such as annual publication volume, research fields, country/institution distribution, core authors, highly cited papers/authors, keyword co-occurrence, and clustering. The results show that the number of publications in this field has continued to increase over the past decade, with China being the main contributor; the research hotspots focus on the green extraction processes of DESs, ultrasonic-/microwave-assisted extraction, efficient separation of active components such as flavonoids/polyphenols, as well as the biological activity evaluation of the extracts and mechanism exploration. This study comprehensively reveals the development trend, core forces, and research hotspots of the field, providing references and directions for the subsequent development of new DESs with high efficiency, safety, economy, and environmental friendliness, as well as green preparation technologies for natural products.