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The primary objective is to present the most representative types of damage observed in reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to earthquakes. Those damages are divided according to the ten most representative types. Examples and the main reasons that could trigger each failure mechanism are presented. The definition of these damage types is supported by post-earthquake damage reconnaissance missions in Sichuan (China) in 2008, L’Aquila (Italy) in 2009, Lorca (Spain) in 2011, Emilia-Romagna (Italy) in 2012, Gorkha (Nepal) in 2015, Muisne (Ecuador) in 2016 and Chiapas (Mexico) in 2017. An extensive discussion is presented concerning the infill walls’ seismic behaviour and their interaction with the RC structural elements. The presentation of the significant learnings and findings concerning the typical damage herein presented and discussed are compared with the common Southern European construction practice. The impact of the infill walls on the rehabilitation costs of damaged RC buildings is also studied. These costs are compared to those related to the structural damage and rehabilitation of the entire building structure to understand the impact of the infill walls. Finally, a case study is presented to study the effect of implementing simplified retrofitting strategies to prevent the soft-storey mechanism, one of the most common problems observed in past earthquake events.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. A Review of the Performance of Infilled RC Structures in Recent Earthquakes. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5889 .
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, Humberto Varum. A Review of the Performance of Infilled RC Structures in Recent Earthquakes. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):5889.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. 2021. "A Review of the Performance of Infilled RC Structures in Recent Earthquakes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 5889.
Past earthquakes have brought attention to the poor performance of precast reinforced concrete structures, especially relating to beam-to-column connections. The evaluation of different methodologies for the analysis of beam-to-column connections in industrial buildings is important. In the present work numerical analyses developed allowed the study of the effect that different story heights and connection properties have on frequencies, drifts, seismic coefficients and connection sliding. The results showed that the friction between concrete elements and the consideration of neoprene have a small impact on the drift demands in the columns and the seismic coefficients of the structures analyzed; on the other hand, the effect of steel dowel on the drift demands and seismic coefficients is significant. The comparison of models with different properties and connections allowed a better understanding of the parameters that affect the seismic behavior of precast reinforced concrete buildings the most and provide indications for building more accurate and efficient numerical models.
Hugo Rodrigues; Hugo Vitorino; Nádia Batalha; Romain Sousa; Paulo Fernandes; Humberto Varum. Influence of Beam-to-Column Connections in the Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Industrial Facilities. Structural Engineering International 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleHugo Rodrigues, Hugo Vitorino, Nádia Batalha, Romain Sousa, Paulo Fernandes, Humberto Varum. Influence of Beam-to-Column Connections in the Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Industrial Facilities. Structural Engineering International. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Rodrigues; Hugo Vitorino; Nádia Batalha; Romain Sousa; Paulo Fernandes; Humberto Varum. 2021. "Influence of Beam-to-Column Connections in the Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Industrial Facilities." Structural Engineering International , no. : 1-13.
The seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are highly influence by the cyclic performance of the beam-column joints. The experimental seismic assessment of RC beam-column joints has been made essentially by cyclic tests performed on set-ups that do not totally simulate the real seismic loading and constrains conditions. A complex monitoring scheme is used to record the applied loads, reactions, joint distortion, strains on the reinforcement, lateral and axial displacements on the entire specimen, rotations and surface strains by using digital image correlation (DIC). The use of DIC is particularly important to record the strains on CFRP used to wrap the columns and beams. Based on the data recorded during the tests, it is possible compute moments; rotations and curvatures of the columns and beams; joint shear; dissipated energy by beams, columns and joint; yield displacement; ductility; peak-to-peak stiffness degradation; post-peak softening; and inter-cycle strength degradation. The innovative experimental set-up herein presented has the following advantages compared with others:
José Melo; Daniel A. Pohoryles; Tiziana Rossetto; Humberto Varum. Full-scale cyclic testing of realistic reinforced-concrete beam-column joints. MethodsX 2021, 8, 101409 .
AMA StyleJosé Melo, Daniel A. Pohoryles, Tiziana Rossetto, Humberto Varum. Full-scale cyclic testing of realistic reinforced-concrete beam-column joints. MethodsX. 2021; 8 ():101409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Melo; Daniel A. Pohoryles; Tiziana Rossetto; Humberto Varum. 2021. "Full-scale cyclic testing of realistic reinforced-concrete beam-column joints." MethodsX 8, no. : 101409.
Nonlinear finite element models, whenever is possible, shall be validated using experimental data. The efficiency of the nonlinear analysis depends on the choice of finite element models parameters. In the present work the calibration is conducted with the goal of observe and minimize the difference between the experimental data and the nonlinear finite element models, using two distributed plasticity modelling approaches. Several models with different parameters of distributed plasticity are used herein and compared against experimental data. The results show that the nonlinear analysis, when associated to a proper modeling strategy, is capable to successfully simulate experimental data.
Helder Maranhão; Humberto Varum; Mário Pimentel. Nonlinear Finite Element Model Calibration of a Reinforced Concrete Column with Distributed Plasticity. U.Porto Journal of Engineering 2021, 7, 114 -125.
AMA StyleHelder Maranhão, Humberto Varum, Mário Pimentel. Nonlinear Finite Element Model Calibration of a Reinforced Concrete Column with Distributed Plasticity. U.Porto Journal of Engineering. 2021; 7 (3):114-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelder Maranhão; Humberto Varum; Mário Pimentel. 2021. "Nonlinear Finite Element Model Calibration of a Reinforced Concrete Column with Distributed Plasticity." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 3: 114-125.
This work aims to the deepening of technical and scientific knowledge related to the characterization of granite masonry based on geophysical, mechanical techniques and neural networks. For this, we used a method based on non-destructive testing for the characterization of traditional stone masonry and further obtaining information regarding the mechanical parameters of these elements. Widely built in stone masonry, buildings of historical interest are material goods that make up the Urban Heritage. Due to the historical and cultural value that these buildings represent, maintenance and rehabilitation work is important to maintain the appreciation of history. The preservation of buildings classified as historical and cultural heritage is of collective interest, as they mark the history of society. Considering the research object as traditional construction, it is not recommended to use destructive investigative techniques. Thus, a mechanical characterization simulation tool with the aid of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was developed which can be used in traditional granite walls. This database was built using tests with GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and sonic tests, (ST), for the characterization of samples of walls built and analyzed in a controlled environment, and the parameter used in response to the ANNs was the value of the elastic modulus. Two case studies carried out in Portugal are presented, for which this methodology was used as a non-destructive characterization tool (NDT) for traditional granite masonry buildings. In the Mancelos church and in a Miguel Bombarda street building, the application of the ANNs was made based on the results of the sonic tests and the GPR. This confirms the feasibility of using these simulation tools to assist in the characterization processes of traditional and historic buildings with granite stone masonry.
Rachel Martini; Jorge Carvalho; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. Validation of nondestructive methods for assessing stone masonry using artificial neural networks. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 42, 102469 .
AMA StyleRachel Martini, Jorge Carvalho, António Arêde, Humberto Varum. Validation of nondestructive methods for assessing stone masonry using artificial neural networks. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 42 ():102469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachel Martini; Jorge Carvalho; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. 2021. "Validation of nondestructive methods for assessing stone masonry using artificial neural networks." Journal of Building Engineering 42, no. : 102469.
The seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is critically influenced by the complex mechanical interactions at beam-column joints. To ensure the desired hierarchy of failure is achieved when retrofitting existing structures, numerical and experimental assessments need to represent realistic structures. A review of published literature indicates that most experimental work on the seismic behaviour pre-1970′s RC beam-column connections considers sub-assemblies without slabs or transverse beams, which are unrepresentative of reality. To evaluate the effect of these elements on the failure mechanism, retrofit need and retrofit effectiveness, experiments on four full-scale beam-column joints are carried out. Two specimens with and without slab and transverse beams, are tested in their as-built and FRP strengthened configurations. As expected, the experimental results demonstrate that the progression of damage and failure mechanisms differ significantly when slabs and transverse beams are present, confirming previous numerical and experimental evidence on the strong contribution of these elements on the overall joint behaviour. Moreover, a significantly higher retrofit effectiveness is observed for the specimen without slab and transverse beam. This implies that experiments on retrofitted joints without slab and transverse beam can lead to a focus on joint shear strengthening alone as they inadequately represent the hierarchy of strengths of the framing members. They can also lead to an overestimation of retrofit effectiveness. These observations have implications when considering common simplifying assumptions made in the numerical modelling of RC moment resisting frames when assessing their seismic performance.
Daniel A. Pohoryles; Jose Melo; Tiziana Rossetto; Humberto Varum; Dina D'Ayala. Effect of slab and transverse beam on the FRP retrofit effectiveness for existing reinforced concrete structures under seismic loading. Engineering Structures 2021, 234, 111991 .
AMA StyleDaniel A. Pohoryles, Jose Melo, Tiziana Rossetto, Humberto Varum, Dina D'Ayala. Effect of slab and transverse beam on the FRP retrofit effectiveness for existing reinforced concrete structures under seismic loading. Engineering Structures. 2021; 234 ():111991.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel A. Pohoryles; Jose Melo; Tiziana Rossetto; Humberto Varum; Dina D'Ayala. 2021. "Effect of slab and transverse beam on the FRP retrofit effectiveness for existing reinforced concrete structures under seismic loading." Engineering Structures 234, no. : 111991.
The poor out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infill-walls (MIW) in recent earthquakes, resulted in several casualties and economic losses. The main objective of this work is to present an experimental campaign comprised of four out-of-plane tests of full-scale MIW with the main goal to assess the possible effect of the previous damage, workmanship and test setup in the MIW out-of-plane behaviour. From the results, it was observed that the existence of the prior damage reduced the out-of-plane strength and energy dissipation of about 30% and 70%, respectively. The workmanship can introduce variations in the MIW response from 10% to 30%.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; Antonio Arede; Humberto Varum. Experimental Investigation on the Possible Effect of Previous Damage, Workmanship and Test Setup on the Out-of-plane Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2021, 1 -32.
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, Antonio Arede, Humberto Varum. Experimental Investigation on the Possible Effect of Previous Damage, Workmanship and Test Setup on the Out-of-plane Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2021; ():1-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; Antonio Arede; Humberto Varum. 2021. "Experimental Investigation on the Possible Effect of Previous Damage, Workmanship and Test Setup on the Out-of-plane Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls." Journal of Earthquake Engineering , no. : 1-32.
In this paper, two configurations are presented for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature by reducing the cross-section area in small regions of the fiber where the Bragg gratings were inscribed, to achieve dual sensitivity to strain and handle the cross-sensitivity to temperature of a single grating. Each configuration used a single Bragg grating inscribed in a 2-ring undoped poly (methyl methacrylate) microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) with a pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system. To reduce the cross-section area, a femtosecond laser system was used to remove portions of the mPOF, creating micromachined slots in the fiber, with different lengths for each configuration. The result was the appearance of a second peak when strain is applied, with a higher strain sensitivity. The thermal, humidity and refractive index response of these gratings were analyzed, revealing a thermal sensitivity almost twice the value of a common Bragg grating inscribed in the same mPOF. The maximum root mean square errors obtained when both strain and temperature are applied in these grating devices were 52 με% and 0.675 °C, respectively. These results show that the method used to produce these devices could be a suitable and reliable option to fabricate very compact sensors to simultaneously measure strain and other parameters, such as temperature. Moreover, these devices may be used as phase-shift gratings since the position of the reflective peaks and their relative spectral separation may be modulated by applying strain to the optical fiber.
Luis Pereira; Rui Min; Tiago Paixao; Carlos Marques; Getinet Woyessa; Ole Bang; Joao Lemos Pinto; Paulo Fernando Da Costa Antunes. Compact Dual-Strain Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber Grating for Multi-Parameter Sensing. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2020, 39, 2230 -2240.
AMA StyleLuis Pereira, Rui Min, Tiago Paixao, Carlos Marques, Getinet Woyessa, Ole Bang, Joao Lemos Pinto, Paulo Fernando Da Costa Antunes. Compact Dual-Strain Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber Grating for Multi-Parameter Sensing. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2020; 39 (7):2230-2240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Pereira; Rui Min; Tiago Paixao; Carlos Marques; Getinet Woyessa; Ole Bang; Joao Lemos Pinto; Paulo Fernando Da Costa Antunes. 2020. "Compact Dual-Strain Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber Grating for Multi-Parameter Sensing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 7: 2230-2240.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques play an important role in the characterization and diagnosis of historic buildings, keeping in mind their conservation and possible rehabilitation. This paper presents a new approach that merges building information modeling (BIM) with environment geospatial data obtained by several non-destructive techniques, namely terrestrial laser scanning, ground-penetrating radar, infrared thermography, and the automatic classification of pathologies based on RGB (red, green, blue) imaging acquired with an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). This approach was applied to the inspection of the Monastery of Batalha in Leiria, Portugal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. To assess the capabilities of each technique, different parts of the monastery were examined, namely (i) part of its west façade, including a few protruding buttresses, and (ii) the masonry vaults of the Church (nave, right-hand aisle, and transept) and the Founder’s Chapel. After describing the employed techniques, a discussion of the optimization, treatment and integration of the acquired data through the BIM approach is presented. This work intends to contribute to the application of BIM in the field of cultural heritage, aiming at its future use in different activities such as facility management, support in the restoration and rehabilitation process, and research.
Mercedes Solla; Luisa Gonçalves; Gil Gonçalves; Carina Francisco; Iván Puente; Paulo Providência; Florindo Gaspar; Hugo Rodrigues. A Building Information Modeling Approach to Integrate Geomatic Data for the Documentation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 4028 .
AMA StyleMercedes Solla, Luisa Gonçalves, Gil Gonçalves, Carina Francisco, Iván Puente, Paulo Providência, Florindo Gaspar, Hugo Rodrigues. A Building Information Modeling Approach to Integrate Geomatic Data for the Documentation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (24):4028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercedes Solla; Luisa Gonçalves; Gil Gonçalves; Carina Francisco; Iván Puente; Paulo Providência; Florindo Gaspar; Hugo Rodrigues. 2020. "A Building Information Modeling Approach to Integrate Geomatic Data for the Documentation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24: 4028.
The cyclic earthquake loads may accelerate the bond degradation and consequently lead to important bar slippage. The bond-slip mechanism is assumed as a common cause of damage or collapse of existing RC structures loaded by seismic leads. The RC structures designed and built before the implementation of the modern seismic codes and with plain reinforcing bars are particularly affected by the bond degradation. However, perfect bond is assumed in most of the numerical models. The numerical modeling results of two RC columns tested under cyclic lateral load are presented in this paper. One column is built with plain reinforcing bars and the other with deformed reinforcing bars and both have structural detailing typically adopted in pre-1970's structures. For each column, different software and modeling strategies to simulate the cyclic response were adopted. The frameworks OpenSees and SeismoStruct were used to develop the numerical models which were calibrated based on the experimental results. A simple modeling strategy was adopted in the OpenSees models to consider the bond-slip effects. A modified tri-linear steel material model is proposed and adopted to contemplate the slippage of plain reinforcing bars by reducing the steel Young modulus. The tri-linear steel model parameters were obtained empirically based on the experimental results.
José Melo; Humberto Varum; Tiziana Rossetto. Numerical Modeling of RC Columns and a Modified Steel Model Proposal for Elements With Plain Bars. Frontiers in Built Environment 2020, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé Melo, Humberto Varum, Tiziana Rossetto. Numerical Modeling of RC Columns and a Modified Steel Model Proposal for Elements With Plain Bars. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2020; 6 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Melo; Humberto Varum; Tiziana Rossetto. 2020. "Numerical Modeling of RC Columns and a Modified Steel Model Proposal for Elements With Plain Bars." Frontiers in Built Environment 6, no. : 1.
Different retrofitting techniques have been developed and proposed to prevent the masonry infill walls (MIW) out-of-plane collapse. Many other authors confirmed that these types of elements are vulnerable when subjected to earthquake loadings, leading to several casualties and economic losses. Based on this, the present manuscript comprises an experimental campaign of flexure strength tests on small masonry walls to discuss the efficiency of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening solutions to improve their out-of-plane behaviour. For this, eighteen flexural strength tests parallel to the horizontal bed joints were carried out. Nineteen masonry infill walls made with hollow clay horizontal brick, eight non-strengthened and the remaining ones strengthened with TRM. The tests were performed according to the EN 1052-2 standard. In this study, the effect of textile mesh (weak or strong) is analysed in parallel with the efficiency of the strengthening solutions. The results are presented and discussed in terms of force-displacement response parameters and damages observations. From the tests, it was observed that the TRM strengthening improved the flexural strength capacity up to 54% and the out-of-plane deformation ability about 7.18 times.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. Impact of the Textile Mesh on the Efficiency of TRM Strengthening Solutions to Improve the Infill Walls Out-of-Plane Behaviour. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8745 .
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, Humberto Varum. Impact of the Textile Mesh on the Efficiency of TRM Strengthening Solutions to Improve the Infill Walls Out-of-Plane Behaviour. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8745.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. 2020. "Impact of the Textile Mesh on the Efficiency of TRM Strengthening Solutions to Improve the Infill Walls Out-of-Plane Behaviour." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8745.
It is widely accepted that further and more in-depth research is required on the out-of-plane seismic response of masonry infill walls to increase knowledge regarding this particular behaviour and to develop effective strengthening strategies for preventing their collapse. However, such experimental tests are difficult to perform and the scientific community recognizes the complexity inherent to the test apparatus, loading approaches and loading protocols. At the Laboratory for Earthquake and Structural Engineering (LESE), several efforts were carried out over the last years towards characterizing the out-of-plane behaviour of full-scale MIW. Two test setups were developed using two different approaches for applying the out-of-plane loadings. This manuscript provides an overview of the test setups adopted in the literature by other authors and discusses their implication in the MIW response. Therefore, the considerations assumed in the development of the test setups at the LESE laboratory are provided starting by describing the out-of-plane tests with airbags and after that with pneumatic jacks. Further information regarding both tests setups is described and discussed throughout the manuscript. Experimental results of two specimens tested with both approaches are presented, highlighting the main differences and similarities.
A. Furtado; A. Arêde; J. Melo; H. Rodrigues; N. Pinto; H. Varum. Perspectives and Approaches for the Out-of-Plane Testing of Masonry Infill Walls. Experimental Techniques 2020, 1 -13.
AMA StyleA. Furtado, A. Arêde, J. Melo, H. Rodrigues, N. Pinto, H. Varum. Perspectives and Approaches for the Out-of-Plane Testing of Masonry Infill Walls. Experimental Techniques. 2020; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Furtado; A. Arêde; J. Melo; H. Rodrigues; N. Pinto; H. Varum. 2020. "Perspectives and Approaches for the Out-of-Plane Testing of Masonry Infill Walls." Experimental Techniques , no. : 1-13.
This research aims to develop a novel and cost-effective seismic force-resisting system called “curved damper truss moment frame” (CDTMF) by coupling the recently developed curved dampers (CDs) with conventional steel trusses. In this proposed system, the CDs are adopted as primary fuses, while semi-rigid connections are used as secondary fuses to dissipate the input seismic energy through a two-phased energy dissipation mechanism called the equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP). To validate the adequacy and feasibility of incorporating the CDTMF system in multi-story framed structures, the multi-objective NSGA II optimization technique was applied to the optimum seismic design of selected CDTMF prototypes. Their seismic performance was then compared with the recently proposed buckling restrained knee braced truss moment frame (BRKBTMF) systems, which were designed based on the same procedure to make a consistent comparison. This comparison was based on the results of nonlinear static analysis (pushover), nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) on three-, six- and nine-story steel framed structures (low- to mid-rise systems). Since damage to non-structural acceleration-sensitive elements would depend on the floor acceleration, and because the main cause of damage in non-structural displacement-sensitive elements and structural members is generally due to the story drift, the objective functions of the optimization process were the median maximum story drift and the peak floor acceleration. In order to achieve the two-phased energy dissipation mechanism, the primary constraints (PCs) and secondary constraints (SCs) corresponding to the primary and secondary fuses are applied. The outcomes of the pushover analysis showed that the optimal CDTMF structures exhibited higher ductility and energy dissipation capacity compared to the BRKBTMFs. The results of the nonlinear dynamic analysis also indicated that the newly proposed CDTMF system can control the roof displacement, story drift, and roof acceleration during an earthquake excitation more efficiently than the BRKBTMF system. Finally, the outputs of the IDA show that the CDTMFs can fulfilled the FEMA P695 code requirements. Hence, it can be considered as a reliable seismic force resisting system.
S.F. Fathizadeh; S. Dehghani; T.Y. Yang; E. Noroozinejad Farsangi; A.R. Vosoughi; I. Hajirasouliha; I. Takewaki; C. Málaga-Chuquitaype; H. Varum. Trade-off Pareto optimum design of an innovative curved damper truss moment frame considering structural and non-structural objectives. Structures 2020, 28, 1338 -1353.
AMA StyleS.F. Fathizadeh, S. Dehghani, T.Y. Yang, E. Noroozinejad Farsangi, A.R. Vosoughi, I. Hajirasouliha, I. Takewaki, C. Málaga-Chuquitaype, H. Varum. Trade-off Pareto optimum design of an innovative curved damper truss moment frame considering structural and non-structural objectives. Structures. 2020; 28 ():1338-1353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.F. Fathizadeh; S. Dehghani; T.Y. Yang; E. Noroozinejad Farsangi; A.R. Vosoughi; I. Hajirasouliha; I. Takewaki; C. Málaga-Chuquitaype; H. Varum. 2020. "Trade-off Pareto optimum design of an innovative curved damper truss moment frame considering structural and non-structural objectives." Structures 28, no. : 1338-1353.
The primary objective of this work is to present a experimental analysis of textile-reinforced mortar based strengthening solutions to prevent the out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of masonry infills in RC buildings. The experimental campaign comprises the OOP testing of five full-scale infill walls made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, two of them unstrengthened and the remaining three strengthened, with and without prior damage. All the tests consisted in the application of a semi-cyclic (loading–unloading-reloading) history of imposed displacements in the OOP direction by means of a uniformly distributed load. The mechanical properties of the adopted materials are characterized and presented. The results will be presented in terms of OOP force–displacement responses, deformed shapes, damage evolution and energy dissipation capacity. In the end, the tests’ results are compared to each other to assess the effectiveness of the selected strengthening techniques and to provide a support towards the choice of the best strategies for future further investigations and applications.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; José Melo; Humberto Varum. The use of textile-reinforced mortar as a strengthening technique for the infill walls out-of-plane behaviour. Composite Structures 2020, 255, 113029 .
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, José Melo, Humberto Varum. The use of textile-reinforced mortar as a strengthening technique for the infill walls out-of-plane behaviour. Composite Structures. 2020; 255 ():113029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; José Melo; Humberto Varum. 2020. "The use of textile-reinforced mortar as a strengthening technique for the infill walls out-of-plane behaviour." Composite Structures 255, no. : 113029.
The masonry infill walls’ seismic behaviour is being characterized by extensive damages and out-of-plane (OOP) collapses due to combined in-plane and OOP loading demands. Several efforts are being made to develop efficient strengthening strategies to reduce their seismic vulnerability and in particular to prevent the panels’ collapse. The present manuscript aims presenting retrofit and strengthening strategies to improve the infill masonry walls seismic performance, with particular attention to the prevention of the OOP collapse. Retrofit and improvement of infill walls seismic behaviour is a complex subject, since it cannot be disconnected from their effect on the overall building response. It is paramount to assume that the strengthening should be effective under seismic actions in the plane of the infill wall and under transverse loadings. A systematic review was carry out focusing the major findings and observations made by each author are presented. For each technique, a summary table is provided containing the details regarding the strengthening strategy adopted, major results and observations.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. Experimental tests on strengthening strategies for masonry infill walls: A literature review. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 263, 120520 .
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, Humberto Varum. Experimental tests on strengthening strategies for masonry infill walls: A literature review. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 263 ():120520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. 2020. "Experimental tests on strengthening strategies for masonry infill walls: A literature review." Construction and Building Materials 263, no. : 120520.
Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Letícia Avellar; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; C. Leitao. Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring. Optics Letters 2020, 45, 5057 .
AMA StyleArnaldo Leal-Junior, Letícia Avellar, Anselmo Frizera Neto, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques, C. Leitao. Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring. Optics Letters. 2020; 45 (18):5057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArnaldo Leal-Junior; Letícia Avellar; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; C. Leitao. 2020. "Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring." Optics Letters 45, no. 18: 5057.
The present work aimed to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of using textile-reinforced mortar based-solutions for strengthening masonry infill walls in the RC buildings’ envelopes to reduce their OOP collapse probability. Therefore, this study starts by analyzing the effectiveness of textile-reinforced mortar based-solutions in two experimental campaigns available in the literature. Thereafter, the efficacy of the TRM is available in terms of strength, deformation and energy dissipation capacity. Influence of the textile mesh tensile strength, different types of frame-connectors and different types of mortars is discussed. The second component of this study is the cost-analysis of each TRM solution tested in these testing campaigns when compared to their efficiency during the tests. The cost of each solution is deeply analysed, estimation of the percentage of each component is computed. Finally, it is presented a case study of an 8-storey RC building structure in which its construction costs is presented according to three different locations in Portugal according to the EC8 seismic region. The costs of three different post-earthquake scenarios are analysed: i) minor damaged; b) moderate damaged; and c) extensive damages of the buildings’ envelopes.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. Cost-effective analysis of textile-reinforced mortar solutions used to reduce masonry infill walls collapse probability under seismic loads. Structures 2020, 28, 141 -157.
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, Humberto Varum. Cost-effective analysis of textile-reinforced mortar solutions used to reduce masonry infill walls collapse probability under seismic loads. Structures. 2020; 28 ():141-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde; Humberto Varum. 2020. "Cost-effective analysis of textile-reinforced mortar solutions used to reduce masonry infill walls collapse probability under seismic loads." Structures 28, no. : 141-157.
The construction of a vulnerability model requires reliable information on the features of the buildings in the study. The purpose of this work is the characterisation of the precast industrial buildings in Portuguese industrial park, based on the survey of 73 design projects of existing buildings. The collected data are based on a previous study on the features that influence the seismic response of this type of buildings. The parameters collected are associated with the global geometry and specific elements characteristics (e.g., column dimensions, reinforcement ratios, and connections details), to the mechanical properties of the materials and other parameters that can give some important information in the characterisation of the buildings (e.g., construction year and localization). In the end, a comparison with other available databases, namely, from Italy and Turkey, is done in order to conclude about the similarity. This information is important to define representative experimental specimens and numerical simulation to conduce seismic risk analysis.
Hugo Rodrigues; R. Sousa; H. Vitorino; N. Batalha; H. Varum; P. Fernandes. Characterisation of Portuguese RC Precast Industrial Building Stock. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -19.
AMA StyleHugo Rodrigues, R. Sousa, H. Vitorino, N. Batalha, H. Varum, P. Fernandes. Characterisation of Portuguese RC Precast Industrial Building Stock. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Rodrigues; R. Sousa; H. Vitorino; N. Batalha; H. Varum; P. Fernandes. 2020. "Characterisation of Portuguese RC Precast Industrial Building Stock." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, no. : 1-19.
The main objective of this work is to present an experimental study on the use of textile reinforced mortar to improve the masonry infill walls out-of-plane behaviour. The experimental campaign comprises flexural strength tests parallel to the horizontal bed joints of 10 specimens made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, five of them unstrengthened and the remaining five strengthened. Cantilever flexural strength tests were carried out. The efficiency of the strengthening was assessed and the effect of using a weak or strong textile mesh is analysed. The mechanical properties of the adopted materials are characterized and presented. The results are presented in terms of force-displacement responses and damages observed. From the tests, it was observed that the textile-reinforced mortars improved the flexural strength capacity until 3.93 times and the deformation capacity increased 2 times with a strong textile mesh.
André Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde. Cantilever flexural strength tests of masonry infill walls strengthened with textile-reinforced mortar. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 33, 101611 .
AMA StyleAndré Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde. Cantilever flexural strength tests of masonry infill walls strengthened with textile-reinforced mortar. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 33 ():101611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Furtado; Hugo Rodrigues; António Arêde. 2020. "Cantilever flexural strength tests of masonry infill walls strengthened with textile-reinforced mortar." Journal of Building Engineering 33, no. : 101611.
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir o uso de variáveis de ponderações sobre os elementos de uma edificação de múltiplos pavimentos com base em resultados da inspeção. Para este estudo, foi realizada uma comparação entre: a ponderação de criticidade a partir da média aritmética, a ponderação com base nos níveis de criticidade, porém este afetado pelo custo de recuperação e por importância do elemento. Essa discussão é de grande valia, pois os resultados apresentados poderão nortear as decisões dos proprietários e gestores sobre como manejar a verba orçamentária, sobre as obras de reparação e de correção das patologias. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma edificação residencial tipo pilotis, localizada na cidade de Brasília, construída em 1973, em concreto armado, composta por 6 pavimentos. Na coleta de dados foi feita a inspeção predial com registro fotográfico e croquis, e ensaios semi-destrutivos. Verificou-se que utilizando a norma holandesa para inspeção predial, com base nos níveis de criticidade, a edificação teve seu grau de criticidade em todas as formas de ponderação classificados em um estado geral como "razoável". Outros critérios também podem ser utilizados, aplicados e comparados em trabalhos futuros.
João Pantoja; Sara Prado Novais Moura; Humberto Varum; Samir Caied. A Influência da Ponderação na Avaliação do Grau de Criticidade em Edificações de Múltiplos Pavimentos Via Inspeção Predial. Paranoá: cadernos de arquitetura e urbanismo 2020, 126 -139.
AMA StyleJoão Pantoja, Sara Prado Novais Moura, Humberto Varum, Samir Caied. A Influência da Ponderação na Avaliação do Grau de Criticidade em Edificações de Múltiplos Pavimentos Via Inspeção Predial. Paranoá: cadernos de arquitetura e urbanismo. 2020; (26):126-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Pantoja; Sara Prado Novais Moura; Humberto Varum; Samir Caied. 2020. "A Influência da Ponderação na Avaliação do Grau de Criticidade em Edificações de Múltiplos Pavimentos Via Inspeção Predial." Paranoá: cadernos de arquitetura e urbanismo , no. 26: 126-139.