The combination of Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) and traditional CNC machining allows manufacturers to leverage the advantages of both technologies in the production of functional metal parts. This study presents the methodological development of hybrid manufacturing for solid copper parts, initially produced using ADAM technology and subsequently machined using a 5-axis CNC system. The ADAM technology was dimensionally characterized by adapting and manufacturing the seven types of test artifacts standardized by ISO/ASTM 52902:2019. The results showed that slender geometries suffered warpage and detachment during sintering despite complying with the design guidelines. ADAM technology undersizes cylinders and oversizes circular holes and linear lengths. In terms of roughness, the lowest results were obtained for horizontal flat surfaces, while 15° inclined surfaces exhibited the highest roughness due to the stair-stepping effect. The dimensional deviation results for each type of geometry were used to determine the specific and global oversize factors necessary to compensate for major dimensional defects. This also involved generating appropriate over-thicknesses for subsequent CNC machining. The experimental validation of this process, conducted on a validation part, demonstrated final deviations lower than 0.5% with respect to the desired final part, affirming the feasibility of achieving copper parts with a high degree of dimensional accuracy through the hybridization of ADAM and CNC machining technologies.

In this study, a biodegradable composite based on PLA reinforced with banana rachis fiber—derived from agricultural waste and forming the structural core of banana bunches—is developed. The fibers are evaluated with and without thermomechanical processing to enhance the properties of parts produced through material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEX), a technology with a screw feeding system. A preliminary study of the additive manufacturing process is conducted to ensure adequate processability of the matrix during the process. In addition, different composite formulations (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% fiber) are analyzed through morphological, thermal (TGA and DSC), rheological, and mechanical characterization, complemented by SEM analysis. This comprehensive characterization revealed that the incorporation of WTP fibers served to reinforce the PLA matrix for the tensile modulus, from 2273.54 ± 123.66 MPa to 2612.51 ± 95.16 MPa with 15% of WTP fiber. A similar trend was observed for the flexural modulus, which increased from 2456 ± 61.16 MPa in the neat PLA to 3189.68 ± 52.24 MPa for the PLA-15% WTP composite. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the process and the production of parts with acceptable quality under appropriate manufacturing conditions.