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One of the main strategies to reduce countries’ energy bills is to invest in efficient buildings. To achieve this objective, the European Union Member States have developed different methodologies to evaluate building energy performance, which are often supported by simulation tools. These tools are based on calculation engines that use databases and simplifications to attempt to bring their results close to real building performance and are mostly designed to be used at the end of the process, neglecting their role in project decision-making processes. To compensate for this situation and to obtain the most accurate results, the methodologies recommend previous work during the building design phase to adopt passive design solutions that learn from experience and aim to adapt the building design to the local climate. However, these design solutions are difficult to adopt while working with medium to large public buildings and are often not properly understood by the simulation tools. In addition, new BIM methodologies are being implemented, starting to enable proper interaction between the designer and the results, and opening up the option of introducing other types of calculations, such as building comfort, in the calculation process. Among the group of countries with limited simulation tools that are starting to be substituted is Spain, which recently launched its first BIM-based energy simulation tool. This tool aims to compensate for the limitations of the former simulation tools and opens up the option of performing comfort calculations by sharing information with other programs. The objective of this research is to evaluate, from different perspectives, the performance of this new simulation tool on three buildings at the University of Alicante. These were chosen as university campuses are responsible for large groups of buildings and belong to the group of stakeholders interested in obtaining efficient and comfortable buildings. These case studies are defined by their extreme adaptation to design recommendations for mild-warm weather. At the end of the process, the difference is measured between simulation and real building performance. The results obtained show that simulation still differs greatly from real building performance from the energy performance point of view, while the comfort evaluation shows results that are closer to the reality of the buildings.
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; María Domenech-Mataix; Ángel González-Avilés; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Evaluation of Energy Performance and Comfort: Case-Study of University Buildings with Design Adapted to Local Climate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7155 .
AMA StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós, María Domenech-Mataix, Ángel González-Avilés, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Evaluation of Energy Performance and Comfort: Case-Study of University Buildings with Design Adapted to Local Climate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós; María Domenech-Mataix; Ángel González-Avilés; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2021. "Evaluation of Energy Performance and Comfort: Case-Study of University Buildings with Design Adapted to Local Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7155.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size.
Mireia Sempere-Tortosa; Francisco Fernández-Carrasco; Ignasi Navarro-Soria; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3870 .
AMA StyleMireia Sempere-Tortosa, Francisco Fernández-Carrasco, Ignasi Navarro-Soria, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):3870.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireia Sempere-Tortosa; Francisco Fernández-Carrasco; Ignasi Navarro-Soria; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2021. "Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 3870.
The synthetic material developed by Dupont in 1963 for solid surfaces has been used since its origin for numerous applications. One of the most popular ones in the last decade is as a finishing layer on façades. The first references that contemplated this use on the outside were the Seeko’o hotel in Bordeaux executed in 2007 and the refurbishment of the 7700 m2 shell of the Hôtel Ivoire congress centre in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) in 2009. In Spain, the first example of the installation of this material is the rehabilitation of the main building of the La Rotonda de la Playa de San Juan urbanisation in Alicante, designed in 1965 by the architect Juan Guardiola Gaya and rehabilitated in 2010 by Miguel Salvador Landmann. Ten years later, our research is focused on the study of the colour ageing of the acrylic resin and natural mineral sheets on each of its façades, with different orientations and exposure to sea and wind. To this end, it has been studied the solar radiation of the surfaces, the wind exposure of their façades and tests with a tele-spectroradiometer has been carried out. The study makes it possible to quantify the differences in colour in all of them and to state that the combination of wind and radiation is the main atmospheric agent causing the degradation.
Ángel González-Avilés; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; María Pérez-Millán. Colour Ageing in Acrylic Resin Plates and Natural Minerals on the Façade after 10 Years of Sun Exposure in the Marine Environment. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2222 .
AMA StyleÁngel González-Avilés, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, Antonio Galiano-Garrigós, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, María Pérez-Millán. Colour Ageing in Acrylic Resin Plates and Natural Minerals on the Façade after 10 Years of Sun Exposure in the Marine Environment. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngel González-Avilés; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; María Pérez-Millán. 2021. "Colour Ageing in Acrylic Resin Plates and Natural Minerals on the Façade after 10 Years of Sun Exposure in the Marine Environment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2222.
In December 2019, Spain considered for the first time the presence of radon to the Technical Building Code (Basic Document HS 6: Radon Exposure Protection), although it only mentions minimum presences and the need for ventilation. This research shows that in buried structures or in places with little ventilation, even in soils with a low probability of granite, a high content of radon gas can be found. The city of Alicante has been used as a measurement location for different architectural sites; here, the level of 100 Bq/m3 is the first threshold where the gas must be monitored, and the level of 300 Bq/m3 is the maximum threshold above which corrective ventilation measures must be taken. The research conducted during the years 2015 and 2016 shows that it is necessary to account for also the areas considered to be “low presence of radon gas” to achieve healthy constructions. The renewal of air in the different places will be tested for the presence of radon, i.e., the greater the accumulation is, the less ventilation and the greater the risk of accumulation of radon gas. This study is located in the city of Alicante, where the seven civil constructions are located: two Civil War shelters, the Santa Barbara Castle, the Ereta Powder Keg, the Luceros-Marq and Serra Grossa railway tunnels and the Británica underground deposits. Radon gas is currently a concern for major health and medical agencies because it is considered to be a chemical element that is very harmful to people. The World Health Organization is one of the organisations that has the objective of studying and researching this element, to develop solutions. Radon gas is normally found in a gaseous state and is highly radioactive. It is present in many terrains and it is mostly found in those with granite; although the presence of this element is very low, there is always a minimum presence. In the past, in nongranite soils, the dose of radon was considered to be so low that it was insignificant. Therefore, in this research, the aim is to consider the high presence of radon gas in nongranite soils as long as the conditions for its accumulation are present.
Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren. Radon Gas in the City of Alicante. High Risk of Low Indoor Air Quality in Poorly Ventilated Buildings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8762 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren. Radon Gas in the City of Alicante. High Risk of Low Indoor Air Quality in Poorly Ventilated Buildings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):8762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren. 2020. "Radon Gas in the City of Alicante. High Risk of Low Indoor Air Quality in Poorly Ventilated Buildings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8762.
Ceramic claddings on building facades not only present functional qualities and good resistance; they also add value to the architecture due to their qualities of light reflection, gloss and iridescence. The colour ranges produced by some enamel application techniques can vary widely. They change depending on one’s angle of vision and movement, colours in the surroundings, sunlight and their angle of incidence. In addition, the iridescent-pearl effect produced by light diffraction can lead to beautiful goniochromatic colours. This study analyses the production of square tiles of stoneware manufactured by extrusion, and their application to the Faculty of Education of the University of Alicante (FEUA) (Spain). Applying an enamel containing zirconium silicate ZrSiO4 and other metals such as Zn and Al produces iridescence-like effects. The physical-chemical properties of enamel and gloss values were characterised. A colorimetric characterisation was conducted by evaluating goniochromatic or iridescent colours, measuring the light’s spectral radiance factor, and comparing these results with other ceramic tiles of marked iridescent effects, with the presence of a final layer of anatase TiO2 enamel.
Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO. Coatings 2020, 10, 854 .
AMA StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO. Coatings. 2020; 10 (9):854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2020. "Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO." Coatings 10, no. 9: 854.
The term Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a long history of problems behind it. The origin of all these problems lies in the lack of agreement in the assessment procedures and evaluation instruments. The diagnosis is clinical and is determined by the observation and information provided by parents and teachers. So, this is highly subjective and leads to disparate results. Therefore, on the one hand the inaccuracy of the diagnosis of ADHD, which has been based on subjective criteria, together with the fact that hyperactivity is one of the main symptoms of this disorder, implies that several studies (with limitations) have been carried out to record objective measures of movement in subjects in at least the last ten years. In order to solve some of this derived problems and limitations of previous studies, a computer program has been developed to objectively record the amount of movement of subjects. The main objective of this study is threefold: first to register the amount of movement of both experimental group and control group, then to compare them with the movement registered by observers and finally to determine the validity of the software developed as a tool to support the diagnosis of ADHD. Results show that there are significant differences in the amount of objective movement between a clinical group of subjects with ADHD and a control group, obtaining a higher average of movement the experimental group. In addition, results also demonstrate that the developed software is a valid tool for the evaluation of movement that solves the limitations of previous studies. The proposed tool is developed from different aspects to give it a multidisciplinary character.
Mireia Sempere-Tortosa; Francisco Fernández-Carrasco; Francisco Mora-Lizán; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Objective Analysis of Movement in Subjects with ADHD. Multidisciplinary Control Tool for Students in the Classroom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5620 .
AMA StyleMireia Sempere-Tortosa, Francisco Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco Mora-Lizán, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Objective Analysis of Movement in Subjects with ADHD. Multidisciplinary Control Tool for Students in the Classroom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireia Sempere-Tortosa; Francisco Fernández-Carrasco; Francisco Mora-Lizán; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2020. "Objective Analysis of Movement in Subjects with ADHD. Multidisciplinary Control Tool for Students in the Classroom." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5620.
The current computer technology facilitates the processing of large volumes of information in architectural design teams, in parallel with recent advances in-flight automation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) along with lower costs, facilitates their use to capture aerial photographs and obtain orthophotographs and 3D models of relief and terrain textures. With these technologies, 3D models can be produced that allow different geometric configurations of the distribution of construction elements on the ground to be analyzed. This article presents the process of implementation in a terrain integrated into the early stages of architectural design. A methodology is proposed that covers the detailed capture of terrain, the relationship with the architectural design environment, and its implementation on the plot. As a novelty, an inverse perspective to the remaining disciplines is presented, from the inside of the object to the outside. The proposed methodology for the use of UAVs integrates terrain capture, generation of the 3D mesh, superimposition of environmental realities and architectural design using building information modeling (BIM) technologies. In addition, it represents the beginning of a line of research on the implementation of the plot and the layout of foundations using UAVs. The results obtained in the study carried out in three different projects comparing traditional technologies with the integration of UAVs + BIM show a clear improvement in the second option. The use of new technologies applied to the execution and control of work not only improves accuracy but also reduces errors and saves time, which undoubtedly indicates significant savings in costs and deviations in the project.
Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Ángel González-Avilés; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; María Andújar-Montoya; Juan Puchol-García. UAV BIM: Incorporation of Photogrammetric Techniques in Architectural Projects with Building Information Modeling Versus Classical Work Processes+. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2329 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre, Ángel González-Avilés, Antonio Galiano-Garrigós, María Andújar-Montoya, Juan Puchol-García. UAV BIM: Incorporation of Photogrammetric Techniques in Architectural Projects with Building Information Modeling Versus Classical Work Processes+. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (14):2329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre; Ángel González-Avilés; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; María Andújar-Montoya; Juan Puchol-García. 2020. "UAV BIM: Incorporation of Photogrammetric Techniques in Architectural Projects with Building Information Modeling Versus Classical Work Processes+." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14: 2329.
Current market conditions characterized by technological changes, increasing regulatory requirements and low funding make current construction management models obsolete. This tendency affects not only the private housing market but also public administration projects, which have large time and budget deviations across the board. As a result, new approaches are needed to improve the efficiency of the construction process, removing extra costs and delivering projects on time. The most representative trends in the construction industry that enable such improvements are both Building Information Modelling paradigm (BIM) and Lean Construction philosophy with one of its associated tools in the field of construction management—the Last Planner System. However, a review of the literature shows the scarcity of works on the synergy of both paradigms taking into account the extensive literature on Lean and BIM individually. This is further accused if we look beyond the theoretical literature reviews. Therefore, this paper is focused on the benefits derived from the synergy of both disciplines and the impacts on project efficiency through a case study of a public construction project at the university of Alicante in order to provide empirical evidence of the benefits and improvements of using BIM at the Look Ahead meetings and of the Last Planner System. Finally, the results of the case study allow us to make a comparison with the data related to cost deviations of other public projects with different uses, built areas, and complexity which were managed with traditional methods of construction.
María Dolores Andújar-Montoya; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. BIM-LEAN as a Methodology to Save Execution Costs in Building Construction—An Experience under the Spanish Framework. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1913 .
AMA StyleMaría Dolores Andújar-Montoya, Antonio Galiano-Garrigós, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. BIM-LEAN as a Methodology to Save Execution Costs in Building Construction—An Experience under the Spanish Framework. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (6):1913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Dolores Andújar-Montoya; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2020. "BIM-LEAN as a Methodology to Save Execution Costs in Building Construction—An Experience under the Spanish Framework." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6: 1913.
Nowadays, cyber attacks are becoming an extremely serious issue, which is particularly important to prevent in a smart city context. Among cyber attacks, spoofing is an action that is increasingly common in many areas, such as emails, geolocation services or social networks. Identity spoofing is defined as the action by which a person impersonates a third party to carry out a series of illegal activities such as committing fraud, cyberbullying, sextorsion, etc. In this work, a face recognition system is proposed, with an application to the spoofing prevention. The method is based on the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor. Since different face regions do not have the same information for the recognition process, introducing entropy would quantify the importance of each face region in the descriptor. Therefore, entropy is added to increase the robustness of the algorithm. Regarding face recognition, our approach has been tested on three well-known databases (ORL, FERET and LFW) and the experiments show that adding entropy information improves the recognition rate significantly, with an increase over 40% in some of the considered databases. Spoofing tests has been implemented on CASIA FASD and MIFS databases, having obtained again better results than similar texture descriptors approaches.
Francisco A. Pujol; María José Pujol; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Mar Pujol. Entropy-Based Face Recognition and Spoof Detection for Security Applications. Sustainability 2019, 12, 85 .
AMA StyleFrancisco A. Pujol, María José Pujol, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, Mar Pujol. Entropy-Based Face Recognition and Spoof Detection for Security Applications. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco A. Pujol; María José Pujol; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Mar Pujol. 2019. "Entropy-Based Face Recognition and Spoof Detection for Security Applications." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 85.
The majority of scientific agencies in the field of medicine and health, including the World Health Organization, consider radon gas a very harmful element for humans. This element, in its gaseous state, is radioactive and is present in almost all land in which buildings are implanted, especially in granitic soils, which present higher levels of radon gas. Nongranitic soils have traditionally been considered to have low radon levels. In addition to the contributions made by this article, it is very relevant that there are many countries, including Spain, in which the technical codes for their construction regulations do not include the maximum radon dose that a building can hold so that it is not harmful to humans nor do they hold the measures necessary to remedy excessive accumulation. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the need for ventilation in buried works. To do this, a comparison is made between two railway tunnels in the urban fabric of the city of Alicante: one of them is in operation (Benacantil Mount) and the other is in the excavation phase (Serra Grossa). When underground railway installations are planned, they are equipped with large air ventilation systems due to the pollutants generated by ground exposure. These mechanical systems consist of suction turbines that expel the air to the outside. Research shows that radon gas is an indicator of an area’s air quality. In addition, ventilation in railway tunnels (mechanical and natural) allows for air renewal and improves the air quality.
Carlos Rizo Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós. Ventilation as an Indispensable Tool for Healthy Constructions: Comparison of Alicante’s Urban Railway Tunnels. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6205 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, Antonio Galiano-Garrigós. Ventilation as an Indispensable Tool for Healthy Constructions: Comparison of Alicante’s Urban Railway Tunnels. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Antonio Galiano-Garrigós. 2019. "Ventilation as an Indispensable Tool for Healthy Constructions: Comparison of Alicante’s Urban Railway Tunnels." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6205.
The restoration of historical buildings often implies a change in the main use of the building so that it can once again become a part of people’s lives. Among the interventions needed to adapt the buildings to their new purpose, improving the energy performance is always a challenge due to their particular construction solutions and the influence that these improvements can have on their protected elements. The regulations in force in European Union (EU) member states leave a gap in how the energy performance evaluations in these types of buildings can be defined, and even exclude them from the process. However, rehabilitation of buildings is always seen as an opportunity, because it allows the building to once again be useful to society and play an important role in people’s lives. At the same time, it can also improve their performance and allow benefits to be gained from their use through a reduction in maintenance costs. In the rehabilitation process, the economic viability of the renovation plays a fundamental role which must be compared, in the case of protected buildings, to its impact on the architecture of the building. Since 2002, the EU has issued directives with the aim that countries should define objective methods to improve the energy performance of buildings and, in recent times, methods that demonstrate the amortization of such improvements. Within the process of implementing the new methodologies adapted to the EPBD, Spain was one of the last EU countries to define a process for the energy assessment of existing buildings, introducing an analysis of the economic viability of the construction improvements suggested in the process. The objective of this research was to describe the decision-making process during the evaluation of the feasibility of introducing construction improvements to the energy performance of two catalogued historic buildings located in a warm climate. The estimated energy consumption was evaluated, the net present value (NPV) and the payback period of the investment calculated, and the results obtained were compared with the real energy consumption. At the end of the process, it can be said that the methodologies adopted in Spain offer results that can lead designers to make wrong decisions that may affect the protected heritage values of these buildings.
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Ángel González-Avilés; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; MªDolores Andújar-Montoya. Energy Efficiency and Economic Viability as Decision Factors in the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4946 .
AMA StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós, Ángel González-Avilés, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, MªDolores Andújar-Montoya. Energy Efficiency and Economic Viability as Decision Factors in the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4946.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós; Ángel González-Avilés; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; MªDolores Andújar-Montoya. 2019. "Energy Efficiency and Economic Viability as Decision Factors in the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4946.
The infrastructure of the Británica warehouses in Alicante is a very important industrial architectural element in the history of Spain, although it is unknown to almost all of the inhabitants of the city. The former fuel refinery is located in the Serra Grossa Mountains and served much of the country until 1966. This research is based on the plans of the city of Alicante to convert a historical element, the Británica warehouses, into a unique tourist site. Currently, the network of storage domes in this facility, which has an approximate footprint of 20,000 m 2 and domes approximately 20 m high, is in a state of neglect, and there are neighborhood initiatives for its rehabilitation to become a cultural or tourist site. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the indoor air. Radon gas is analyzed as a control element for future refurbishment of the facility. Alicante is a nongranite area and therefore is not very susceptible to generation of radon gas indoors, but the conditions of a buried and poorly ventilated space make the site appropriate for analysis. Most scientific agencies in the field of medicine and health, including the World Health Organization, consider radon gas to be very harmful to humans. This element in its gaseous state is radioactive and is present in almost all the land in which the buildings are implanted, with granitic type soils presenting higher levels of radon gas. Nongranitic soils have traditionally been considered to have low radon levels. The city of Alicante, where the installation is located, is a nongranitic area and therefore is not very susceptible to generating radon gas in buildings, but the conditions of buried and poorly ventilated places make the site appropriate for analysis to support air quality control and decision-making.
Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Raúl Prado-Govea; Francisco Pujol-López. Radon Gas as an Indicator for Air Quality Control in Buried Industrial Architecture: Rehabilitation of the Old Británica Warehouses in Alicante for a Tourist Site. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4692 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre, Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, Raúl Prado-Govea, Francisco Pujol-López. Radon Gas as an Indicator for Air Quality Control in Buried Industrial Architecture: Rehabilitation of the Old Británica Warehouses in Alicante for a Tourist Site. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo-Maestre; Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Raúl Prado-Govea; Francisco Pujol-López. 2019. "Radon Gas as an Indicator for Air Quality Control in Buried Industrial Architecture: Rehabilitation of the Old Británica Warehouses in Alicante for a Tourist Site." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4692.
Radiant floor air conditioning systems based on capillary tube mats, in addition to offering high comfort standards, generate significant energy savings. They allow the use of renewable energies such as thermal solar panels and combine them with solar cooling systems based on lithium chloride or absorption systems with lithium bromide in summer, cooling water down to 15–16 °C through solar thermal panel energy collection. Thus, in addition to energy savings from the transport of low water flows, annual energy demand is also reduced. This research analyses the application of thermal ceramic panels (TCP)—containing polypropylene (PPR) tube capillary mats—to public buildings in the Spanish Mediterranean. A case study of the Museum of the University of Alicante (MUA) is presented. Water was distributed individually from a split system heat pump inside the building combined with a thermal solar panel system on the roof. The MUA’s annual energy demand was quantified using thermal simulation tools and was monitored during the entire one-year cycle. Simulations were conducted both for the radiant floor system and an all-air conventional convective system, as well as with solar thermal panel applications. The reduction in annual energy demand was 24.91% when TCP panels are used on the floor. This is a considerable value, but lower than others results obtained in Central Europe due to the higher values of humidity. When solar thermal panels are installed on the rooftop the energy savings can increase to 60.70%.
Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; José Luis Sanjuan-Palermo. Underfloor Heating Using Ceramic Thermal Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Public Buildings in the Mediterranean: Energy Savings and Healthy Indoor Environment. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2089 .
AMA StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, José Luis Sanjuan-Palermo. Underfloor Heating Using Ceramic Thermal Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Public Buildings in the Mediterranean: Energy Savings and Healthy Indoor Environment. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (10):2089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; José Luis Sanjuan-Palermo. 2019. "Underfloor Heating Using Ceramic Thermal Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Public Buildings in the Mediterranean: Energy Savings and Healthy Indoor Environment." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10: 2089.
The EU members have adopted regulations and official methods for evaluating the energy performance in buildings. Most of these methods are applied at the end of the project phase, with few opportunities to correct erroneous design decisions when the desired building energy performance is not achieved. It is demonstrated that there is no European standard for sustainability and that the decision-making process during the development of a building project is compromised by the methodologies and some concepts, as thermal inertia, are withdrawn. Currently, the industry has been developing alternative tools for evaluating energy performance and CO2 emissions in buildings over their entire life cycle. These software programs, which belong to the BIM environment, use databases and make simplifications adapted to the stage of design when the software can be applied. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of this software and how the databases and simplifications influence the decision-making process in building design. Calculation examples are carried out with various tools and compared to real building performance data. The results demonstrate that, as with the official methods, the tools influence the results and therefore condition, sometimes wrongly, the decision-making process to produce better buildings.
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós; Alicia García-Figueroa; Carlos Rizo Maestre; Ángel González-Avilés. Evaluation of BIM energy performance and CO2 emissions assessment tools: a case study in warm weather. Building Research & Information 2019, 47, 787 -812.
AMA StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós, Alicia García-Figueroa, Carlos Rizo Maestre, Ángel González-Avilés. Evaluation of BIM energy performance and CO2 emissions assessment tools: a case study in warm weather. Building Research & Information. 2019; 47 (7):787-812.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Galiano-Garrigós; Alicia García-Figueroa; Carlos Rizo Maestre; Ángel González-Avilés. 2019. "Evaluation of BIM energy performance and CO2 emissions assessment tools: a case study in warm weather." Building Research & Information 47, no. 7: 787-812.
This article demonstrates the importance of quantifying the air quality with radon gas level as indicator in any heritage building, especially those intended for the use of people. The tourist activity or historical guide represents a typology where people spend a certain time, that is to say, in no case do they spend the same amount of hours as in their homes or jobs. Different gases that may be present in the environment must be controlled. The Séneca Square shelter, in Alicante, is a very important place for the history of the city during the Spanish Civil War that has recently been rehabilitated for exposure to people. The source of most radon gas inside a building is the ground. Many countries, including Spain, in which the building regulations, regarding the accumulation of radon gas, do not specify in their technical codes, the maximum dose that a building can sustain so that it is not harmful to people, or, the measures required to correct excessive accumulation. The possible existence of radon is verified in any underground building, regardless of the characteristics of the soil (whether granitic or not), the importance of defining and unifying the regulations that specify the different levels of radon in any architectural constructions is evident. Most of the scientific agencies in the field of medicine and health, consider that radon gas is a very harmful element for people. This element in its gaseous state is radioactive and it is present in almost all soils in which buildings are implanted, with granitic types of soil presenting higher levels of radon gas. Non-granitic soils have traditionally been considered to have very low radon levels. However, this work, providing the results of the research carried out in the underground air raid shelter in Seneca Square in Alicante (Spain), demonstrates the relevant presence of radon in non-granitic soils. This research addresses the constructive typology of the underground building and the radon presence in its interior obtained using rigorous measurement techniques.
Carlos Rizo Maestre; Victor Echarri Iribarren. The Importance of Checking Indoor Air Quality in Underground Historic Buildings Intended for Tourist Use. Sustainability 2019, 11, 689 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre, Victor Echarri Iribarren. The Importance of Checking Indoor Air Quality in Underground Historic Buildings Intended for Tourist Use. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre; Victor Echarri Iribarren. 2019. "The Importance of Checking Indoor Air Quality in Underground Historic Buildings Intended for Tourist Use." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 689.
Building an ad-hoc network in emergency situations can be crucial as a primary tool or even when used prior to subsequent operations. The use of mini and micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is increasing because of the wide range of possibilities they offer. Moreover, they have been proven to bring sustainability to many applications, such as agriculture, deforestation and wildlife conservation, among others. Therefore, creating a UAV network for an unknown environment is an important task and an active research field. In this article, a mobility model for the creation of ad-hoc networks using UAVs will be presented. This model will be based on pheromones for robust navigation. We will focus mainly on developing energy-efficient behavior, which is essential for this type of vehicle. Although there are in the literature several models of mobility for ad-hoc network creation, we find that either they are not adapted to the specific energy requirements of UAVs or the proposed motion models are unrealistic or not sufficiently robust for final implantation. We will present and analyze the operation of a distributed swarm behavior able to create an ad-hoc network. Then, an analytical model of the swarm energy consumption will be proposed. This model will provide a mechanism to effectively predict the energy consumption needed for the deployment of the network prior to its implementation. Determining the use of the mobility behavior is a requirement to establish and maintain a communication channel for the required time. Finally, this analytical model will be experimentally validated and compared to the Random Waypoint (RWP) mobility strategy.
Fidel Aznar; Mar Pujol; Ramon Rizo; Francisco A. Pujol; Carlos Rizo. Energy-Efficient Swarm Behavior for Indoor UAV Ad-Hoc Network Deployment. Symmetry 2018, 10, 632 .
AMA StyleFidel Aznar, Mar Pujol, Ramon Rizo, Francisco A. Pujol, Carlos Rizo. Energy-Efficient Swarm Behavior for Indoor UAV Ad-Hoc Network Deployment. Symmetry. 2018; 10 (11):632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFidel Aznar; Mar Pujol; Ramon Rizo; Francisco A. Pujol; Carlos Rizo. 2018. "Energy-Efficient Swarm Behavior for Indoor UAV Ad-Hoc Network Deployment." Symmetry 10, no. 11: 632.
In the field of architecture, there is a growing awareness as to the relevance of using building materials that are produced in same geographical area as the buildings to be constructed. Important implications of these projects include environmental impact reductions deriving from less energy needed for transporting the materials, as well as the activation of the regional economy by promoting local materials. Effects are all the more significant in the case of emblematic buildings with repercussions in the media, in which aesthetic criteria are often placed before functional ones. This study examines the case of the Museu de Bellas Artes de Castellón (the Fine Arts Museum in Castellon, Spain). Cast aluminium recycled panels were used for the façade’s finishing material. Based on life cycle analysis (LCA), a comparison with the scenario of having used large-format ceramic panels, produced in the region in which the building is located, is given. A new evaluation methodology, Life Cycle Construction Assessment of Envelopes (LCCA-e) was applied, introducing the analysis of constructive improvements derived from the application of new façade materials. The reduction of derived environmental impacts was evaluated, obtaining 65.6% and 67.7% of the GER and GWP indicators in the production phase and a reduction of these indicators by 87.1% and 86.8% respectively in the complete LCA. This was also due to the reduction of energy needed for transport, as well as a reduction in annual energy demand by 8.55%, evaluated by monitoring, calibration and simulation using EnergyPlus.
Victor Echarri-Iribarren; Fernando Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Ceramic panels versus aluminium in buildings: Energy consumption and environmental impact assessment with a new methodology. Applied Energy 2018, 233-234, 959 -974.
AMA StyleVictor Echarri-Iribarren, Fernando Echarri-Iribarren, Carlos Rizo-Maestre. Ceramic panels versus aluminium in buildings: Energy consumption and environmental impact assessment with a new methodology. Applied Energy. 2018; 233-234 ():959-974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Echarri-Iribarren; Fernando Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre. 2018. "Ceramic panels versus aluminium in buildings: Energy consumption and environmental impact assessment with a new methodology." Applied Energy 233-234, no. : 959-974.
Radiant surface conditioning systems based on capillary tube mats not only provide high standards of comfort, but they also generate substantial energy savings. These systems allow for using renewable energies such as solar thermal panels because they function with water at moderate temperatures—lower in winter and higher in summer—compared to fan-coil systems or hot water radiator systems. Moreover, in summer, they can be combined with solar cooling systems based on lithium chloride or absorption systems based on lithium bromide, which enable the cooling of water at 15–16 °C by means of solar thermal panel energy collection. This further reduces the annual energy. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of thermal ceramic panels (TCP) containing prolipropylen (PPR) capillary tube mats, in residential buildings in the Spanish Mediterranean. The water distribution system was set up individually from a heat pump and was combined with a community system of solar thermal panels. After monitoring a home over a complete one-year cycle, the annual energy demand was quantified through simulations, based on both the radiant system and the VRV system, as well as in combination with a thermal solar panel system. TCP panels reduced the annual energy demands by 31.48%, and the additional investment cost of €11,497 could be amortized over 23.31 years. The combination of TCP panels with 18.5 m2 of solar thermal panels reduced the annual energy demand by 69.47%, and the investment of €20,534 of additional cost could be amortized over 15.67 years. The energy consumptions of installation elements were also comparatively quantified.
Víctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Fernando Echarri-Iribarren. Healthy Climate and Energy Savings: Using Thermal Ceramic Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Mediterranean Housing Blocks. Energies 2018, 11, 2707 .
AMA StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren, Carlos Rizo-Maestre, Fernando Echarri-Iribarren. Healthy Climate and Energy Savings: Using Thermal Ceramic Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Mediterranean Housing Blocks. Energies. 2018; 11 (10):2707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVíctor Echarri-Iribarren; Carlos Rizo-Maestre; Fernando Echarri-Iribarren. 2018. "Healthy Climate and Energy Savings: Using Thermal Ceramic Panels and Solar Thermal Panels in Mediterranean Housing Blocks." Energies 11, no. 10: 2707.
The presence of radon gas in constructions is an indicator of air quality. The study presented analyzes the amount of radon gas in the Railway Tunnel in Alicante. This infrastructure is very important for the city due to its social importance in facilitating urban mobility. radon gas is an element considered highly harmful to people by different scientific agencies in the field of medicine and health, including the World Health Organization (WHO). The main effect of the presence of radon in the environment of the human being is the risk of contracting lung cancer. This radioactive gaseous element is present in almost all building materials, and in the land in which the buildings are implanted. In this article the measurements made in the tunnel are provided and the levels obtained are analyzed according to their danger to humans. In Spain, the Technical Building Code (CTE) still does not contemplate the dose of radon that can hold a maximum of one building and how to contain it.
Carlos Rizo Maestre; Servando Chinchón-Yepes; Victor Echarri Iribarren. The Radon Gas in Underground Constructions. Railway Tunnel of Alicante (Spain). International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2018, 7, 393 -395.
AMA StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre, Servando Chinchón-Yepes, Victor Echarri Iribarren. The Radon Gas in Underground Constructions. Railway Tunnel of Alicante (Spain). International Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018; 7 (4.5):393-395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rizo Maestre; Servando Chinchón-Yepes; Victor Echarri Iribarren. 2018. "The Radon Gas in Underground Constructions. Railway Tunnel of Alicante (Spain)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5: 393-395.
There is a growing awareness towards the use in architecture of construction materials produced in the area in which the buildings are to be implemented. The reduction of environmental impacts derived from the lower consumption of energy in transportation is significant. In addition, the materials used in the façades have special relevance in the value of the annual energy demand. This fact becomes more important in the case of emblematic buildings with social media impact, both for the quality of their design and for the functional contributions they can make. Sometimes, even for purely aesthetic reasons, the paradox of opting for constructive solutions with worse performance, worse aging, a higher cost of maintenance operations or a higher value of annual energy demand is established. In this research the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón is analyzed, made with cast aluminum recycled panels as a finishing material on the façade. A comparison is made with the alternative scenario, ventilated ceramic façade, of having used large format ceramic panels, produced in the region, where the ceramic sector is a very important cluster. The reduction of the value of the annual energy demand by 12% is evaluated by the improvements established in the ventilated ceramic façade.
Víctor Echarri Iribarren; Ginés Gómez Castelló; Carlos Rizo Maestre. Large Format Ceramic Panels Versus Recycled Aluminum Casting Panels: Improvement of the Thermal Behavior of the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2018, 7, 213 -216.
AMA StyleVíctor Echarri Iribarren, Ginés Gómez Castelló, Carlos Rizo Maestre. Large Format Ceramic Panels Versus Recycled Aluminum Casting Panels: Improvement of the Thermal Behavior of the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón. International Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018; 7 (4.5):213-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVíctor Echarri Iribarren; Ginés Gómez Castelló; Carlos Rizo Maestre. 2018. "Large Format Ceramic Panels Versus Recycled Aluminum Casting Panels: Improvement of the Thermal Behavior of the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5: 213-216.