Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Inflammation of the synovial fluid propagates the pathological process of angiogenesis. Semaphorins play a crucial role in the context of endothelial cell function, and their pleiotropic nature has various effects on the further development of RA. This narrative review summarises the various roles of semaphorins in the pathology of RA and whether they could play a role in developing novel RA treatment options.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis of this group of disorders is highly complex and involves interactions between various cell types and substances, among others, catestatin (CTS). In recent years, numerous researchers have expanded our knowledge about CTS’s role in development and its potential for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, the authors discuss CTS’s importance in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Moreover, we present CTS’s influence on heart and vessel function.

Background: CAR-T cell therapy is a highly personalized form of treatment. it involves modifying T cells extracted from the patients white blood cells during cell collection. Genetic modification of said T cells allows for the extraction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which are later multiplied and infused into the recipients organism. The use of such a highly personalized method yields promising results in both oncology and hematology where relapses and the severity of conditions require precise therapy. Aim: This narrative analysis aims to summarize and explore the present-day application of CAR-T cell therapy, currently held trials and possibilities for future therapy development in the fields of oncology and rheumatology. Material and methods: A search of relevant research databases was conducted to identify eligible papers. Results: CAR-T cell therapy shows promising results due to its mechanism of genetical modifications of patients’ own T-cells, thus allowing them to recognize surface antigens present on cancer cells and reduce symptoms and long-term consequences of autoimmune diseases. However, its use still is limited, and more research needs to undergo to better utilize CAR-T cell therapy. Conclusions: The use of CAR-T cell therapy in oncology and rheumatology is promising however, further studies are needed to assess its efficiency and safety.

Background: SIBO is a significant and growing problem in the XXI century. Patients suffer from symptoms that inconvenience their everyday life. Despite numerous trials existing SIBO treatment does not fully alleviate patients’ symptoms. Prebiotics and probiotics have proved and widely recognized benefits for gut health, which could be influential for SIBO treatment and for more severe disorders like cirrhosis. Aim: This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the influence of prebiotics and probiotics on human health, especially in SIBO. Material and methods: A search of relevant research databases was conducted to identify eligible papers. Results: Many studies showed that supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics may alleviate the prevalence and severity of SIBO symptoms. Correlation of those therapeutic agents, especially probiotics with antibiotics like rifaximin may bring additional benefits. However, further multi-center studies are required. Conclusions: Prebiotics and probiotics may be an important factor in the SIBO therapeutic path.

Background: IBS is a worldwide chronic gastrointestinal tract disorder. The challenges in treatment include unknown causes, non-specific symptoms, lack of precises testing, diagnosis based on ruling out other ailments. New therapies and probiotics show promise in improving the now available treatments and alleviating symptoms in a more precise manner based on IBS type. The understanding of the gut-brain axis as the basis of novel therapies shows promise in further implementation of more efficient treatment. Aim: This narrative review analysis the new therapeutical possibilities and probiotic influence on IBS treatment and the gut-brain axis. Material and methods: A search of relevant research databases was conducted to identify eligible papers. Results: Management of IBS is still on insufficient level. Some studies showed the opportunities arising from the implementation of prostaglandines or even locally acting agonist of opioid receptors. Probiotics also play an important role. On the other hand, the pathophysiology of the disease and the interactions between hormones and cytokines still recuire further studies. Conclusions: IBS is a complex medical condition, the usage of probiotics and other novel therapeutic agents may alleviate the severity of the disease.

Background: SLE is an intriguing topic of research, given the severity of the disease and the impact in can have on a pregnant body is why this analysis and future research can help to better the understanding on how to improve patients' healthcare. Aim: This narrative review analysis the current available treatment methods for patients with SLE and the risks of SLE and pregnancy. Material and methods: A search of relevant research databases was conducted to identify eligible papers. Results: More research needs to be conducted to improve the understanding and improve SLE treatment in pregnant patients. Conclusions: SLE is a complex condition the variety of symptoms and risks factors in pregnancy are why new methods of treatment, improved specialist care and novel therapies are vital in its treatment.