Background: Spinal deformity is the oldest disease known to humankind. Many types of treatment methods, including both conservative and surgical, are in use. Objective: We aimed to validate a published guideline protocol based on the conservative treatment of spinal deformities. Method: A modified Delphi technique was used with a questionnaire sent out to professionals worldwide regarding the conservative treatment of spinal deformities. Results: Our study was completed after two rounds. A strong level of agreement of 80% and more (consensus cut-off point) was achieved in most questions in the first round. Some statements were below this margin, and they were sent to the participants via email in the second round for re-evaluation. Consensus was achieved in almost all of the statements in the second round. Only two items did not reach the cut-off point but were close to this value. Conclusion: This proposed Guideline Protocol was approved by the participants using the Delphi method and can be used as a valid tool for the conservative treatment of spinal deformities. Clinical implications: A conservative treatment guideline in spinal deformity management, will provide consistency in treatment and will facilitate comparability with surgery. It will be useful in determining the cost-effectiveness of treatment and in choosing the right patient for the right method of treatment. This guideline might help in this context, and may also create a systematic method for clinicians to use as a reference in both research and clinical practice.

Background/Objectives: The effectiveness of night braces alone or in combination with other treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear. This systematic review study aimed to review and analyze the available literature to determine whether night braces are an effective treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 162 databases, including Cochrane Library (reviews, protocols, trials), Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, PEDro, CINAHL (EBSCO), Ovid and Google Scholar, were searched for published articles from inception to February 2024. The available literature was screened by the following terms: “scoliosis and night-time brace”, “scoliosis and night brace”, “scoliosis and part-time bracing”, “scoliosis and Providence” and “scoliosis and Charleston”. Results: Twenty studies were included; only one study was a randomized controlled trial, and most of the studies were retrospectively designed. Providence, Charleston and Boston braces were used as night braces. The Cobb angle was evaluated in all studies, and Cobb angle change after treatment and surgical treatment rates were the parameters that were evaluated the most. In one study, the angle of trunk rotation, quality of life, perception of spinal appearance, and physical activity level were measured. In one study, sagittal plane assessments were performed in addition to the Cobb angle. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that there is no evidence to support the use of night braces in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Randomized controlled trials with a well-designed methodology are needed to determine the efficacy of night braces.

Objective: The Client-Centered Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ) is designed to evaluate patients’ perceptions regarding the extent to which rehabilitation services align with the active patient participation, shared decision making, and individualized goal setting. This study aimed to translate the CCRQ into Turkish and assess its reliability and validity for use in Türkiye. Methods: The CCRQ was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish using established guidelines. A total of 136 patients completed the questionnaire twice to assess test–retest reliability. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the underlying factor structure and construct validity of the scale. Results: The Turkish version of the CCRQ (TR vs.CCRQ) demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.86) to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86-0.93) across subscales and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.86 and 0.88 in the first and second applications, respectively. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.84 for subscales, indicating robust internal consistency and reliability. Item-total and squared multiple correlation analyses further supported the scale’s consistency. It had 7 factors accounting for 63.29% of the variance. Conclusion: The TR vs CCRQ has proven to be a reliable and applicable tool for evaluating patient-centered rehabilitation practices in Türkiye. This instrument fills an important gap in patient-centered care assessment, enabling improved evaluation and enhancement of rehabilitation services in the Turkish healthcare context. Cite this article as: Uludağ TÖ, Çolak TK, Dereli EE, Özgül B, Çolak İ. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the client-centered rehabilitation questionnaire into Turkish. Arch Health Sci Res. 2026, 13, 0170, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2026.26006.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Physiotherapist Self-Efficacy (PSE) Questionnaire while ensuring cultural adaptation. Methods: In this study, translation, back translation, and cultural adaptation processes were completed. One hundred twenty-two intern or graduated physiotherapists participated. Results: The neurological and cardiopulmonary scales demonstrate a high level of reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.81, 0.87 respectively). The orthopedic subscale is also found to be reliable (Cronbach’s α = 0.76). The Turkish version of the PSE questionnaire exhibits excellent internal consistency for neurological, orthopedic, and cardiopulmonary subscales (with Cronbach’s α values of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.99 respectively). Conclusion: Turkish PSE Questionnaire is both a valid and reliable scale. It can be used to assess the professional self-efficacy levels of both intern and graduated physiotherapists. Cite this article as: Emirza Cilbir Ç, Dereli EE, Çakmak Reyhan A, Kuru Çolak T. Turkish version of physiotherapist self-efficacy questionnaire: cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability. Arch Health Sci Res. 2026, 13, 0116, doi:10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2026.25116.