Water-repellent coatings are essential for enhancing the durability and sustainability of textiles, paper, and bioplastic polymers. Despite the growing use of sustainable materials, their inherent hydrophilicity presents significant challenges. This review explores advanced coating technologies to address these issues, focusing on their mechanisms, properties, and applications. By imparting water resistance and repellency, these coatings improve material performance and longevity. The environmental impact and limitations of current coatings are critically assessed, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. This review identifies key trends and challenges, offering insights into developing water-resistant materials that align with environmental goals while meeting industry demands. Key focus areas include coating mechanisms, techniques, performance evaluation, applications, environmental impact assessment, and the development of sustainable coating solutions. This research contributes to the development of water-resistant materials that meet the demands of modern industries while minimizing environmental impact.

To solve ecological and toxicological issues related to some synthetic dyestuffs, the potential application of a new thickening agent from wild taro corms and natural indigo dye in the screen printing process of woven cotton and knitted fabrics was investigated in this study. For this purpose, effects of the dye, thickening agent, thiourea dioxide, and sodium hydroxide concentrations were varied and investigated with respect to the color yield, fastness, and physical properties. Results revealed that the printing paste comprising the thickening agent prepared from the modified starch of wild taro corms can be applied for the printing of cotton fabric using natural indigo dye. The colorfastness to washing, water, and perspiration of the printed samples was found to be good to very good, whereas the colorfastness to light and rubbing was mostly at good and fair, respectively. The printed fabric also had increased tensile strength, tear strength, bursting strength, and stiffness compared to the original fabric.

This research examined a dye extracted from eucalyptus leaves and its application to wool fabric using pad-batch and pad-dry techniques under various conditions. A wool fabric dyed in a solution containing eucalyptus extract gave a shade of pale yellowish brown except when it was dyed with FeSO₄, resulting in a shade of dark grayish brown. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics ranged from good to excellent, while light fastness was fair to good. It was observed that the fabric had excellent ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) values. In addition, a darker colour provided by FeSO₄ gave better protection because of its higher UV absorption.

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from cassia fistula fruit or golden shower tree seed pods on nylon fabric. The dyeing properties were evaluated by measuring K/S and CIELAB values. In addition, the different fastness properties were evaluated. The effect of metal mordants at different concentration levels with respect to their colour strength was also studied. Nylon fabrics dyed with golden shower tree seed pods extract without mordant showed a light brownish-yellow shade, while those dyed with ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride brighter brownish-yellow colour. Nylon substate dyed with alum and CuSO₄ gave a duller brownish-yellow colour. The fastness properties ranged from fair to good level.