Previous souvenir research has generally supported the use of heritage arts and crafts as a design inspiration, which both arouses visitors’ interest in the destination and enhances the local cultural identity. The increasing concern about souvenirs and cultural heritage has led to a proliferation of studies on this topic. However, few review articles discuss their inevitable connection and the process of transforming cultural heritage resources into souvenirs. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the literature on souvenirs related to cultural heritage from 2018 to July 2022. A criterion for inclusion and exclusion is presented to search and screen articles from three leading databases (i.e., WOS, Mendeley, and Scopus). Ultimately, 27 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected for synthesis analysis. ATLAS.ti 9, as the analysis software, yielded quantitative results showing trends in research on cultural heritage-related souvenirs. At the same time, from the qualitative analysis emerged four main themes about the topic: (1) significance of souvenirs, (2) customer’s purchase intention, (3) transformation, and (4) sustainability. Finally, the findings are expected to be beneficial in addressing the relationship between souvenirs and cultural heritage and provide insights for future research and practice of cultural product sustainability.

Souvenirs can facilitate the dissemination and promotion of culture, and culture gives souvenirs unique characteristics and cultural connotations. With the increasingly competitive academic environment, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between souvenirs and local culture is crucial to the theory and practice of souvenir and local culture-development research. The main purpose of this study is to review the previous literature that articulates the dynamic relationship of interdependence and development between souvenirs and local culture. Based on a systematic literature review, the data for this study came from a review of 35 documents between 2019 and 2024. The documents were then analysed individually using the ATLAS.ti 24 program. The analysis revealed five central themes: (1) sustainability and innovation; (2) authenticity and experience; (3) economic and community impact; (4) cultural identity expression; and (5) consumer behaviour and technology. These themes illuminate that souvenirs are not only cultural ambassadors, but also play a critical role in economic development, cultural preservation, and consumer engagement. The findings provide new directions for future research and actionable insights for practitioners, researchers, and designers who enhance the sustainability of local culture through souvenirs. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic interactions between souvenirs and local cultures and proposes a framework for the sustainable development of souvenirs.

As cultural tourism expands, globalisation and localisation have become contradictory terms. Souvenirs are fast becoming crucial for promoting cultural tourism while maintaining a pivotal role in enhancing a country’s image. Design is essential for souvenir production and the primary method by which souvenirs create value. Despite the growing number of publications on souvenirs, few reviews examine the development and strategies of souvenir design and its future directions. Therefore, this study’s specific aim is to report on the outcomes of a thematic review analysis examining souvenir research from a design perspective, addressing the knowledge and methods required in practice-based souvenir design. Data for this study were collected using a thematic review analysis of 51 publications from 2012 to 2022, and the ATLAS.ti 8 code-to-document review findings indicate the patterns needed by researchers. The analysis shows five central themes: 1) culture-oriented design; 2) customer-oriented product design; 3) design method; 4) regional development; and 5) sustainability. The results suggest that future research trends in souvenir design should focus on locality-based development strategies and sustainability for promoting local culture and economies. This work will generate fresh insight into new guidelines for research trends in souvenir design.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

This study investigates the relationship between architectural colour and cultural identity in the ancient villages of Hebei Province, emphasising the role of colour in cultural heritage preservation and sustainable development. The research aims to (1) identify the dominant chromatic attributes of Hebei’s village architecture, (2) interpret their cultural and symbolic meanings, and (3) construct a colour model applicable to heritage conservation. A qualitative case study approach was employed across four representative villages, combining field surveys, semi-structured interviews, and digital colour analysis using the COLORO system. The findings reveal that the prevailing hues—ranging from red and yellow to ochre and brown—derive from local stone and timber, embodying values of stability, humility, and harmony with the environment. Decorative elements in bright red and gold signify celebration and community vitality, contrasting with the subdued architectural tones. Integrating these empirical and cultural insights, this study proposes the Colour Symbol System for Hebei Ancient Villages (CSSHAV)—a model that unites quantitative colour parameters with qualitative cultural interpretation. The CSSHAV serves as a practical framework for guiding colour conservation, policy development, and sustainable design in rural heritage contexts. The originality of this study lies in bridging scientific colour measurement with cultural semiotics, providing both theoretical advancement and actionable guidance for the preservation of regional chromatic identity. The findings identify increasing risks of colour homogenisation under the pressures of globalisation. Through the CSSHAV model, it proposes strategies to preserve Hebei’s traditional chromatic identity by integrating digital colour analysis with cultural interpretation. This balance between conservation and innovation contributes to sustaining both the aesthetic integrity and cultural vitality of ancient villages.

Hull algorithms are the most efficient and closest methods to be redesigned for connecting vertices for geometric shape reconstruction. The vertices are the input points representing the original object shape. Our objective is to reconstruct the shape and edges but with no information on any pattern, it is challenging to reconstruct the lines to resemble the original shape. By comparing our results to recent concave hull based algorithms, two performance measures were conducted to evaluate the accuracy and time complexity of the proposed method. Besides achieving the most acceptable accuracy which is 100%, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm is evaluated to be (). All results have shown a competitive and more effective algorithm compared to the most efficient similar ones. The algorithm is shown to be able to solve the problems of vertices connection in an efficient way by devising a new approach.