This review provides a state-of-the-art and up-to-date analysis of the design and development of green monopropellant thrusters based on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hydroxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN) as high-energy compounds for reaction control maneuvering of satellites. In summary, we introduce the new concept of Green Liquid Propellants (GLPs) that can serve as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional hydrazine thrusters. GLPs offer several advantages, including low toxicity, acceptable thermal decomposition and combustion behaviors, low onset temperatures of decomposition, stability, and long-term storability, compared to hydrazine. H₂O₂ exhibits a low onset temperature; however, its storability does not match that of hydrazine. On the other hand, HAN boasts excellent storability; however, it comes with a higher onset temperature when compared to hydrazine. This review provides critical insights into the recent advancements in H₂O₂ and HAN thrusters, along with an examination of the corresponding catalysts. The focus is on their application for the long-term maneuvering of satellites. We have chosen H₂O₂ and HAN formulations to focus on these two GLPs due to their extensive use by various space agencies worldwide. Moreover, the future directives of both selected green propellants were discussed for potential applications. Finally, the choice between H₂O₂ and HAN depends on the specific requirements of the propulsion system, taking into account factors such as performance, environmental impact, safety, and operational considerations. Each propellant has its advantages and challenges, and ongoing research aims to address some of the limitations associated with these green propellants.

Rare earth (RE) aluminosilicate glasses exhibit several favorable chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. As such, they are considered to be model systems for long-half-life actinides and are candidate containment materials for long-term immobilization of radioactive wastes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the substitution of sodium oxide on the glass transition temperature and structure of lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses. The primary objective was to elucidate the relationship between the substitution of Na₂O for La₂O₃ on the Tg reduction and structural characteristics of lanthanum aluminosilicate glass, including identifying changes in the main Qn species and local environments of Si and Al. The structure of SiO₂–Al₂O₃–La₂O₃–Na₂O glasses has not been studied previously, and, thus, this investigation is the first to assess the structural changes occurring when La₂O₃ is substituted by Na₂O. Three glasses were prepared with general composition (mol.%): 55SiO₂–25Al₂O₃–20M₂O_n (M = La or Na; n = 3 or 1). Glass G1 contains 20 mol.% La₂O₃; in G2, 15 mol.% of La₂O₃ was substituted by 15 mol.% Na₂O; and Glass G3 contains 20 mol.% Na₂O. The glasses were characterized by DSC to determine glass transition temperatures. As expected, as Na is substituted for La, T_g decreases substantially. Structural studies were carried out by FTIR spectroscopy, ²⁹Si, and ²⁷Al MAS NMR. As Na is substituted for La in these aluminosilicate glasses, the main goals that were achieved were the identification of Qⁿ species and also changes in the local environments of Si and Al: {Qⁿ_Si(mAl)} and {Qⁿ_Al(mSi)}.