We aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive function protection between the standard follow-up parameters and advanced neuromonitoring methods in diabetic patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting during cardiopulmonary bypass. Study design was prospective and observational. Patients were separated into two groups, treated only with standard follow-up parameters (Group 1) and followed up with the change of regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy (Group 2). Neurocognitive functions were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively before discharge in all patients using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Cognitive functions of Group 2 patients in the postoperative period were significantly higher than Group 1 patients (P=0.001). The mean postoperative MoCA score of patients was significantly lower than the mean preoperative MoCA score in Group 1 (24.8±2.2 vs. 23.6±2.6, P=0.02). However, mild cognitive dysfunction was significantly lower in Group 2, compared to Group 1 (P=0.02). In patients followed up with standard parameters, a significant decrease in cognitive function was observed in the early period. However, the use of advanced neuromonitoring methods can significantly prevent this decrease in cognitive functions.

Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia playing a crucial role in atherosclerosis and stroke development. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), calculated as log(triglyceride/HDL), has emerged as a biomarker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. However, its relationship with stroke prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between AIP and favorable clinical outcomes at three months in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 222 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between December 2019 and April 2023. The association between AIP and demographic variables, etiology, successful recanalization, intracerebral hemorrhage, and three-month mRS was evaluated. AIP values were compared between patients with good (mRS 0–2) and poor (mRS 3–6) clinical outcomes. Results: The most common comorbidity was hypertension (72.1%), followed by AF (50%). Stroke etiologies included large artery atherosclerosis (16.2%), cardioembolism (57.2%), and undetermined causes (26.6%). AIP values were significantly lower in patients with good functional outcomes. Additionally, AIP values were inversely associated with AF but positively correlated with DM and previous stroke history. No significant relationship was observed between the AIP and successful recanalization or intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that elevated AIP is associated with poor functional outcomes after three months in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Given its strong correlation with prognosis, the AIP may serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying high-risk patients. Future prospective studies are needed to further validate these findings and explore the potential role of the AIP in stroke management.

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder consisting of thickening of arteries and lack of elasticity. Result of atherosclerosis is that arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive buildup of plaque around the artery wall. The disease disrupts the flow of blood around the body, posing serious cardiovascular complications. Arteries contain what is called an endothelium, a thin layer of cells that keeps the artery smooth and allows blood to flow easily. Endothelial damage starts the first step of atherosclerosis. After this, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol accumulates in the artery wall. Inflammatory process starts after this accumulation, and macrophages reach the endothelium to clean up cholesterol. But some macrophages are stuck in the affected part of the artery wall in this process. Over time, this results in plaque being built up, consisting of cholesterol and macrophage white blood cells. The plaque clogs up the artery, disrupting the flow of blood. This potentially causes blood clots that can result in life-threatening conditions such as heart attack and other cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis can be seen in all arteries in the body. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death in the western countries. Some risk factors are as follows: age, sex, familial predisposition, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, etc. Whatever the main reason or the risk factor is, once atherosclerosis is formed, several life-threatening cardiovascular disorders can be seen. So, it has to be revealed.

Hemicorporectomy is an exceptionally rare and radical procedure reserved for highly selected patients with locally advanced pelvic malignancies without dis

Capsular warning syndrome (CWS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of TIAs within a 24-hour, affecting at least two regions of the face, upper and/or lower extremities, and the absence of cortical symptoms. CWS accounts for small percentage of TIAs. However, it is associated with a higher risk of stroke and permanent neurological deficits. In this article, we present the findings, treatment and prognosis of CWS. This study reviewed the data of patients with cerebral small vessel disease. The clinical findings, the number and duration of CWS attacks, and treatments were noted. The NIHSS and the 3-month-mRS of the patients were evaluated to determine their prognosis. A total of 27 CWS cases were included, with an average age of 71.25 and 74.1% male. The most common lesion location was the internal capsule(51.8%), followed by the corona radiata. Dual antiplatelet therapy was the preference in 81.5% of patients. It was observed that the mean 3-month-mRS was 3.60 in the anticoagulation group and 0.90 in the antiplatelet group. Our study highlights important information regarding lesion location, attack durations and treatment and shows that especially dual antiplatelet therapy is more effective in preventing permanent neurological deficits and CWS attacks.