Anthocyanins have various health benefits but are limited by fast elimination and low bioavailability. Many studies have shown that nano delivery systems are effective in improving the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of anthocyanins. However, in the process of selecting anthocyanin nanomaterials, a dilemma is faced: numerous functional nanomaterials lack edible properties, it is difficult to meet the edible and functional requirements of nanomaterials simultaneously. Therefore, it is necessary and inevitable to select nano-anthocyanin carriers that are edible and have certain functional and morphological characteristics. The study aim to provide an efficient, sustained-release and easy to industrialize nanosystem method to solve the problem of low bioavailability of anthocyanins. A succinylated casein-phospholipid-anthocyanin nanosystem (CLS) was designed via computational chemistry-guided one-step self-assembly. Morphological, in vitro/in vivo digestion, pharmacokinetic were conducted. Furthermore, the effects of CLS on intestinal microecology were verified by using enteritis model animals, and the lung-targeting effect of CLS on lung health was verified by using lung injury model animals. CLS exhibited 24-hour intestinal sustained release and lung-targeted enrichment. Pharmacokinetic studies showed 25.7-fold higher lung AUC_(0-t) and 13.1-fold higher blood AUC_(0-t) compared to free anthocyanins. CLS significantly alleviated lung injury and colitis in model rats via the gut-lung axis. This study significantly improved the bioavailability of anthocyanins and demonstrated the oral lung-targeting function of anthocyanins for the first time, paving the way for utilizing anthocyanins as dietary supplements and precision nutrition.

The results of studies on the improvement of technology for producing highquality planting material of half-high blueberry and Arctic bramble by the method of clonal micropropagation are presented in the current paper. Creation of forest berry plantations in peat extraction areas allows reducing environmental damage and significantly increasing the efficiency of the timber industry. In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in the creation of forest berry plantations on drained and cutover peatlands in Russia and other countries. It is necessary to use varietal planting material for the successful cultivation of forest berry plants on an industrial scale. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective of the vegetative methods for obtaining planting material, which allows receiving a huge amount of healthy planting material all year round in the conditions of a small laboratory area. Chloride-free ecosterilizer and bleaching agent based on sodium hypochlorite “Belizna” with an exposure of 15 and 20 min showed high efficiency in sterilization of explants of half-high blueberry and Arctic bramble. The highest viability of explants of the studied forest berry crops was observed when sterilized with a 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution and 15 min exposure, and its sharp decrease at 20 min exposure. At the stage of micropropagation, with an increase in the concentration of cytokinin 6-BAP from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L on the nutrient Woody Plant Medium the number of shoots in regenerated plants of half-high blueberry (Northcountry and Northblue cultivars) and Arctic bramble (Anna and Sofia cultivars) increased. The effect of the concentration of IBA-derived auxin on the number and length of roots of regenerated plants was observed at the in vitro rooting stage.

Introduction. Forest berry plants are popular on the food market and in pharmacy for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Plantations of forest berry plants can proliferate on unused lands, including depleted peatlands. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for obtaining large quantities of high quality planting material. Light-emitting diodes are highly effective for clonal micropropagation. The research objective was to study the effect of different spectral ranges on the process of root formation of forest berry plants in vitro. Study objects and methods. The research featured regenerant plants of half-highbush blueberry, arctic bramble, American cranberry, European cranberry, lingonberry, and Kamchatka bilberry of different cultivars. A set of experiments made it possible to study the effect of lighting type on the growth and development of the root system of forest berry plants in vitro using white fluorescent lamps, white spectrum LED lamps, and LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra at the in vitro rooting stage of clonal micropropagation. Results and its discussion. The largest number (3.4–14.6 pcs.) and the maximum total length (10.0–156.9 cm) of roots were observed under LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra. The effect was by 1.1–2.8 and 2.0–4.5 times higher than in the case of white-spectrum LED lamps, and by 2.3–7.0 and 3.3–14.9 times than in the case of fluorescent lamps. Variety and shape proved to have no significant effect on biometric indicators. Conclusion. LED lamps had a positive effect on the process of rhizogenesis of forest berry plants during clonal micropropagation. They appeared to be more effective than fluorescent lamps. The combination of white, blue, and red spectra increased the biometric parameters of plants at the stage of in vitro rooting.

This article presents the results of research on the use of a new granular organomineral fertilizer for growing plants of half-highbush cultivars of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). The purpose of the research is studying the effect of a new granular organomineral fertilizer on the agrobiological characteristics of V. angustifolium plants on a peatland in the conditions of the north of the European part of Russia. The developed composition of organomineral fertilizer (NPK 8:8:8, Fe 0.5%, Zn 0.2%, Cu 0.4%) differs from existing fertilizers in a more balanced ratio of micro- and macroelements and the content of vermicompost containing spore forms of bacteria Bacillus subtilis H-13, B. mucilaginosus, and Azotobacter chroococcum. The use of a new organomineral fertilizer on high-moor peat (pH 2.9) contributed to the highest yield of V. angustifolium fruits (190.2 g/bush), which is 1.2 times more than other mineral fertilizers (NPK, etc.). The best morphophysiological indicators of V. angustifolium plants (leaf area, total and working surface of the roots, root weight) when using the developed organomineral fertilizer were noted in September. An increase of 1.2–1.3 times in the collection of dry matter and sugars in fruits was revealed, compared with other fertilizer options, while the vitamin C content practically did not change. New organomineral fertilizer contributes to the optimal supply of the necessary micro- and macroelements throughout the growing season and increases the productivity of V. angustifolium plants when growing depleted peat deposits in the natural and climatic conditions of the European part of Russia.

The article presents the results of work on the formation of a bioresource collection of berry plants of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy based on a variety testing area of forest berry plants and a collection of species of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder. The variety testing area includes berry plants of the generaVaccinium (V. corymbosum– 8 species;V. angustifolium– 4 species;V. corymbosum×V. angustifolium– 3 species;V. oxycoccos– 2 species; Vmacrocarpon– 3 species;V. vitis-idaea– 4 species) andRubus(R. arcticus– 9 species;R. chamaemorus– 1 species). Introduced berry plants with edible fruits from the 24 genera are mainly represented in the collection of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder:Actinidia(4 species),Amelanchier(5 species),Aronia(2 species),Berberis(2 edible species),Cornus(2 species),Crataegus(more than 10 species),Elaeagnus(2 species),Fragaria(2 species),Hippophae(1 species),Lonicera(1 edible species),Mahonia(1 species),Morus(2 species),Prunus(13 species),Ribes(4 species),Rosa(6 edible species),Rubus(6 species),Sambucus(1 edible species),Schisandra(1 species),Shepherdia(1 species),Sorbus(more than 10 more than 10 species and a number of cultivars and a number of cultivars),Vaccinium(wild forms of 5 species), more than 5 species),Vitis(3 species). All plants included in the bioresource collection have nutritional and medicinal value and are quite stable in growth, development and fructification in the Moscow microclimate. Work has begun on the creation of anin vitrogenetic bank of economically valuable, rare and difficult to propagate species, varieties and forms of berry plants. The aim is to maintain a bioresource collection, preserve biological diversity and accelerate the cultivation of planting material with subsequent fruit production under conditions of import substitution.

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований различных способов размножения княженики арктической в условиях Костромской области. Промышленное выращивание лесных ягодных культур является возможным эффективным решением проблем низкой рентабельности использования недревесной продукции леса, сокращения ресурсов дикорастущих ягодников, снижения их продуктивности и качества, а также рекультивации выработанных торфяных месторождений. Для создания подобных плантаций целесообразно применение высокопродуктивного сортового посадочного материала. Особое внимание уделено размножению и получению оздоровленного посадочного материала с помощью культуры клеток и тканей растений. Приведены данные по стерилизации эксплантов при введении в культуру in vitro. Наибольшая эффективность стерилизации наблюдается при использовании экостерилизатора бесхлорного (приживаемость растений на питательной среде MS составила 90–93 %). Проанализировано влияние количества пассажей растений-регенерантов на коэффициент размножения сортов княженики арктической. Показаны оптимальные концентрации цитокининов на этапе «собственно микроразмножение». Максимальное количество корней княженики арктической отмечено при добавлении в питательную среду на этапе укоренения растений in vitro 1,0 мг/л индолил-3-масляной кислоты и 0,5 мг/л препарата «Экогель». Рассмотрены технологические и агротехнические операции, выполняемые при выращивании посадочного материала лесных ягодных культур. Приведены данные по коэффициентам вегетативного размножения растений, их устойчивости к болезням, урожайности, рекультивации выработанных торфяных месторождений. Лучшим посадочным материалом княженики арктической являются саженцы с закрытой корневой системой. При культивировании этой ягоды на торфянике использованы опилок и сфагнум. Экономическая эффективность ее выращивания с применением метода клонального микроразмножения составила 358,2 %. Для цитирования: Макаров С.С., Тяк Г.В., Кузнецова И.Б., Чудецкий А.И., Цареградская С.Ю. Получение посадочного материала Rubus arcticus L. методом клонального микроразмножения // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2021. № 6. С. 89–99. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-89-99