This review provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary assessment of the expanding role of hydrogen in enabling sustainable energy transitions within the transportation sector.

Compared to steam reforming techniques, partial oxidation of methane (POM) is a promising technology to improve the efficiency of synthesizing syngas, which is a mixture of CO and H₂. In this study, partial oxidation of methane (POM) was used to create syngas, a combination of CO and H₂, using the SAPO-5-supported Ni catalysts. Using the wetness impregnation process, laboratory-synthesized Ni promoted with Sr, Ce, and Cu was used to modify the SAPO-5 support. The characterization results demonstrated that Ni is appropriate for the POM due to its crystalline structure, improved metal support contact, and increased thermal stability with Sr, Ce, and Cu promoters. During POM at 600 °C, the synthesized 5Ni+1Sr/SAPO-5 catalyst sustained stability for 240 min on stream. While keeping the reactants stoichiometric ratio of (CH₄:O₂ = 2:1), the addition of Sr promoter and active metal Ni to the SAPO-5 increased the CH₄ conversion from 41.13% to 49.11% and improved the H₂/CO ratio of 3.33. SAPO-5-supported 5Ni+1Sr catalysts have great potential for industrial catalysis owing to their unique combination of several oxides. This composition not only boosts the catalyst’s activity but also promotes favorable physiochemical properties, resulting in improved production of syngas. Syngas is a valuable intermediate in various industrial processes.

The copper/nickel-metal on commercial H-Beta zeolite supports was synthesized with different wt % (Ni) of 5, 10, 15, and 20, and was used in the cyclohexene epoxidation process. The synthesized catalyst has been used in a continuous reactor for the cyclohexene epoxidation process, with mild conditions and H2O2 as an oxidant. The catalytic performance was ascertained by adjusting parameters such as the temperature, pressure, WHSV, reaction time, and solvents. The catalytic performance showed the resulting yield in both cyclohexene conversion and selectivity was more than 98.5%. The catalyst's textural attributes, morphology, chemical composition, and stability were determined using FT-IR, XRD, BET, HR-SEM, and TPD. The most active catalyst among those that were synthesized was evaluated, and the reaction parameters were selected to optimize yield and conversion. The H-Beta/Cu/Ni (15%) catalyst has the best conversion (98.5%) and selectivity (100%) for cyclohexene among the catalysts examined. Cu and Ni(15%) metals were successfully added to the H-Beta zeolite, causing little damage to the crystalline structure and resulting in good reusability over five cycles, as well as little loss of catalytic selectivity. Acetonitrile was the solvent that provided the highest conversion and selectivity among the others. These findings show that H-Beta/Cu/Ni bimetallic catalysts have the potential to be effective epoxidation catalysts. Because of their outstanding conversion and selectivity, the continuous reaction technique used in this work makes them appropriate for industrial production-level applications.

Decision making plays a vital role within uncertain, imprecise situations in recent years. A numerical actualize called soft set by Molodtsov was started to bargain uncertain condition. Herein article, inverse triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy soft set theory is analyzed in decision making. Inverse fuzzysoft set theory is an extension of fuzzy soft set theory which gives deeper insights in decision making and gives a technique to portray the character of each object in the universe. An application of inverse triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy soft set is established in the course of case study in multi-criteria decision making.

Emerging CO ₂ capture strategies based on advanced solvents and separation technologies, supported by process optimization and techno-economic analysis, offer sustainable pathways for industrial emission reduction. Image created with the assistance of Microsoft Copilot.